Oman Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency Among Omani Patients Screened for Celiac Disease: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Iman Nasr, Manal Al Kindi, Salma Al Abri, Mahmood Al Kindi, Zainab Ansari, Bushra Al Hinai, Ozay Mohamed, Salah Al Awaidy","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.60","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) is characterized by an isolated deficiency of serum IgA while immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels remain normal. Symptoms range from asymptomatic to recurrent infections. We aimed to determine the prevalence of IgAD and SIgAD among Omani patients undergoing screening for celiac disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included Omani nationals aged above one year, who were screened for celiac disease with anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) IgA at Royal Hospital, Muscat, from January 2005 to December 2023. IgAD was defined as a total serum IgA level below the age-dependent reference range. SIgAD was diagnosed when both IgG and IgM values were within their respective reference limits. The prevalence of IgAD and SIgAD was statistically reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 9615 individuals who underwent screening for celiac disease, 114 had low IgA levels. The prevalence of IgAD was 1.2%, and among these, 0.4% were confirmed to have SIgAD. The majority were > 14 years. Patients aged 6-14 years and > 14 years were more likely to have IgAD compared to 1-2 years old. Only 39 (34.2%) patients underwent further testing to confirm SIgAD, while the remaining 75 (65.8%) did not undergo follow-up IgG and IgM testing. Among the patients with confirmed SIgAD, 11 (28.2%) underwent further testing with anti-tTG IgG antibody, with only one (9.1%) testing positive for celiac disease as confirmed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and histopathology. Patients with anti-tTG IgG and EGD exhibited a significantly increased risk of low IgA levels. The remaining 28 (71.8%) patients did not undergo further celiac disease workup (anti-tTG IgG antibody, EGD, or genetic testing).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IgAD was present in 1.2% of Omani patients evaluated for celiac disease, and 0.4% had confirmed SIgAD. Referral to an immunologist is recommended when IgG/IgM levels are low or infections are recurrent.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12414098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-associated Lung Injury Secondary to <i>Streptococcus Constellatus</i> Empyema.","authors":"Cheng Wei Li, Eng Tat Chan, Larry Ellee Nyanti","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.07","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Empyema caused by <i>Streptococcus constellatus</i> in e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) can result in fatal outcomes. Empyema as a presentation of EVALI is rarely reported. <i>S. constellatus</i> is a known causative pathogen in empyema, typically associated with the elderly and immunocompromised states. We report the case of a 13-year-old male with a history of active e-cigarette use who presented to our center with right lung empyema, complicated by a suspected bronchopleural fistula. Despite chest drainage, antibiotic therapy, inotropic support, and mechanical ventilation, the patient ultimately succumbed to his illness. This case highlights a rarely reported severe complication of EVALI. Clinicians should be vigilant about obtaining a history of e-cigarette use in patients presenting with unexplained empyema.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e738"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Physicians' Experiences and Compliance with the SPIKES Protocol for Communicating Adverse News: A Cross-sectional Study Conducted in Muscat, Oman.","authors":"Sahar Al Omrani, Noor Al Omrani, Rahma Al Kindi, Badriya Al Farsi, Buthaina Al Mahrezi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.62","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.62","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of physicians in delivering bad news and their adherence to the SPIKES protocol within the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) in Muscat, Oman.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2023 to June 2024 at primary healthcare centers in Muscat. Data were collected through an online self-administered questionnaire completed by physicians at these centers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 140 physicians completed the questionnaire (response rate = 100%). The vast majority of participants (n = 133, 95.0%) recognized the importance of training in breaking bad news and expressed a willingness to attend future training sessions. Nearly half of the participants (n = 67, 47.9%) reported negative experiences due to improper delivery of bad news. Overall, adherence to the SPIKES protocol was categorized as low (n = 2, 1.4%), medium (n = 25, 17.9%), and high (n = 113, 80.7%). No significant associations were found between adherence levels and any sociodemographic or clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Physicians in primary care face challenges in delivering bad news, which are influenced by cultural factors, training, and adherence to protocol. These challenges can be mitigated through regular, targeted training programs, beginning at the undergraduate level and continuing throughout a physicians' careers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e733"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden Hand Color Changes in a Young Man.","authors":"Kawthar Mohamed Abdulla, Hasan M Isa","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.40","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.40","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e745"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressive Symptoms Among Students of Sultan Qaboos University, Oman: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Asma Ali Al Salmani, Rahma Al Kindi, Nouf Al Alawi, Buthaina Al Maskari, Roaa Thani Mohammed Al Bahri, Shahd Salim Hamed Al Khamisi, Rahma Al Hadhrami","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.61","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the prevalence, characteristics, causes, and contributing factors of depression among university students to aid in the management of this condition through the identification of root causes and influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study surveyed students enrolled in various colleges of Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, between 1 September and 20 November 2023. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the self-report Patient Health Questionnaire-9.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of a total of 1036 participants, 349 had depression, revealing a prevalence rate of 33.7%. Most depressed students were female (n = 261, 74.8%) and lived on campus (n = 210, 60.2%). Depression was significantly more prevalent among female students (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and among those residing on campus (<i>p =</i> 0.028). The highest rate of depression was observed among students in the Colleges of Science (39.9%), Engineering (38.5%), and Agriculture and Marine Sciences (36.8%). There was no significant association between academic grade point average and depressive symptoms (p = 0.462).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Over one-third of Sultan Qaboos University students had depressive symptoms, which was more prevalent among female students and those residing on campus, though an over representation of women in university housing confounds the latter association. Further research, especially in collaboration with other educational institutions, is recommended to assess the nationwide prevalence, identify vulnerable groups, and develop effective treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e732"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinico-radio-histopathological Correlation of Leiomyoma Variant, STUMP, and Sarcoma: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Jayasree Santhosh, Shima Al-Mughairfi, Huda Al-Ghaithi, Zainab Al-Hilal, Reem Hamood Al-Maqbali, Ahmed Al-Salmi, Jokha Al-Kalbani, Ruqaiya Al-Shamsi, Thuria Al-Rawahi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2025.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We sought to compare the epidemiological and clinical features of variant leiomyoma, smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), and sarcoma to classical leiomyoma and assess the radio-histological correlation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, observational study was conducted in Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman. We included all patients who underwent surgical treatment for uterine fibroids from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2016. Data was retrospectively collected from electronic patient records, pictures archiving system, and histopathology reports, and analyzed using SPSS version 29 and MedCalc Statistical Software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 14269 patients who attended the gynecology outpatient department, 19.5% were clinically diagnosed with uterine fibroids. Surgical procedures were performed in 545 (19.6%) women. Diagnosis from histopathology reports was classical leiomyoma in 508 (93.2%) cases, variant leiomyoma in 35 (6.4%), and sarcomas in two (0.4%); there were no cases of STUMP. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correctly identified 125 (89.9%) cases of classical leiomyoma and 2/11 (18.2%) cases of variants. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI to predict non-classical varieties was 22.22% and 88.65%, respectively. MRI had a strong negative predictive value (94.7%) for leiomyoma variants. The area under the curve for classical and variant leiomyoma was 0.63 (0.55-0.71) and 0.55 (0.47-0.64). The accuracy of MRI in predicting classical leiomyoma was 86.00 (79.40-91.12) and 84.67 (77.87-90.03) the non-classical varieties.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Epidemiological and clinical features were not helpful in distinguishing between classical leiomyoma and non-classical varieties. MRI had weak discriminatory power to distinguish between classical and non-classical varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"e715"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E2F-1-Akt1 Interaction as Precursor to Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cells.","authors":"Samiya Al-Jaaidi, Buthaina Al-Dhahli, Asma Al Sibani, Thraia Al Harthi, Hajar Al Ghafri, Shadia Al-Bahlani","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.41","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to investigate the expression levels and interaction between E2F-1 and Akt1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, and whether cisdiamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) could influence such an interaction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A batch of MDA-MB-321 breast cancer cells were treated with increasing concentrations of cisplatin (2.5-40 μM) for 24 hours. Additional cells from the same source were used for control experiments. Cisplatin-induced apoptosis was confirmed biochemically using cleaved polymerase and flow cytometry analysis, and morphologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Hoechst staining, and scanning electron microscopy. Caspase-3 cleavage, an indicator of apoptotic induction, was measured by immunofluorescence. A western blot test was used to investigate the effects of cisplatin on E2F-1 and Akt1 expressions, while their co-localization and interaction were detected using immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A western blot analysis revealed an increase in E2F-1 and a decrease in Akt1 expression with increasing concentration of cisplatin, compared to untreated cells. Merged E2F-1 and Akt1 immunosignals observed by immunofluorescence demonstrated that cisplatin-treated cells exhibited co-localization of immunosignals in clusters and with increased intensity in the cytoplasm. Immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis results further confirmed the association between E2F-1 and Akt1, indicating a potential interaction between the two proteins in MDA-MB-231 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest a potential interaction between E2F-1 and Akt1, which in turn could be the precursor for the cisplatin-induced apoptosis in TNBC cells. Further studies are needed to determine whether this interaction occurs directly or via an intermediate protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"e709"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperthyroidism with Peritoneal Serositis Leading to Small Bowel Obstruction: A Case Report.","authors":"Ali Al Sharqi, Ruqaiya Al Shehhi, Miaad Al Hinai, Safiya Al Masrouri, Hani Al Qadhi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.01","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cases of small bowel obstruction in the virgin abdomen are rare and can pose diagnostic challenges, especially when associated with endocrinopathy. We present a young woman with uncontrolled Graves' disease who was admitted with a small bowel obstruction in a virgin abdomen a few weeks after developing a thyroid storm.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70693867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term Metabolic Outcomes After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Oman.","authors":"Halah Al Hadhrami, Nawal Al Nabhani, Bader Al Hadhrami, Hana Al Sumri, Sanaa Al Sumry","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2025.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Obesity poses a significant challenge worldwide, increasing the risk of various metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), and dyslipidemia. Bariatric surgery, specifically a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), is effective in inducing weight loss, thereby improving the rate of obesity-related metabolic diseases. This study aimed to assess the short-term effectiveness and metabolic effects of LSG procedures among patients in Oman.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman, and included patients who underwent LSG between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018. Demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were collected from the hospital's computerized records preoperatively and one year postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 168 patients were included in the study, of whom most were female (66.1%). Before surgery, the mean age was 36.1 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 50.8 kg/m². In terms of comorbidities, 28.6% had T2DM, 28.6% had HTN, and 20.8% had dyslipidemia. Postoperatively, more than two-thirds of the cohort (n = 132; 78.6%) achieved a target percent excess weight loss (EWL) of > 50%, including 89.5% and 73.0% of male and female patients, respectively (<i>p =</i> 0.014). The percent EWL was positively correlated to preoperative BMI (<i>p</i> < 0.001); however, no significant associations were observed with various comorbidities, including HTN, T2DM, dyslipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea (<i>p</i> > 0.050).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study indicate that LSG is effective for the short-term achievement of percent EWL among Omani patients with morbid obesity. However, further studies are needed to assess the long-term effectiveness of LSG on percent EWL and its effect on obesity-related metabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"e717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rising Burden of Fatty Liver Disease in the Middle East: Why Oman Must Act Now?","authors":"Said A Al-Busafi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.90","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.90","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"e707"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}