Oman Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Current and Future Burden of Metabolic Dysfunction-related Cancers in Arab Countries, 2022-2050.","authors":"Ziyan Pan, Faisal M Sanai, Yasser Fouad, Abdulla Al Hassani, Munira Y Altarrah, Moutaz Derbala, Maheeba Abdulla, Mohamed Tahiri, Mohamed Sharaf-Eldin, Waseem Hamoudi, Said A Al-Busafi, Mortada H F El-Shabrawi, Faisal Abaalkhail, Mohammed Eslam","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.105","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The burden of cancers related to metabolic dysfunction in the Arab countries is not well defined. This study aimed to summarize the latest estimates for 10 cancers associated with metabolic dysfunction in the region and provide future projections to inform cancer control policies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extracted estimates of new cancer cases and deaths for colon, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, breast, corpus uteri, ovarian, kidney, thyroid, and multiple myeloma cancers from the GLOBOCAN database for the year 2022. We present age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) for 2022 alongside projections for 2050.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2022, the 22 member countries of the Arab League reported a total of 502 959 new cancer cases. Of these, 218 746 (43.9%) cases were attributed to metabolic dysfunction. Breast cancer was the most commonly diagnosed, accounting for 43.7% of metabolic dysfunction-related cases, followed by liver cancer (16.8%) and colon cancer (10.4%). Projections indicate significant increases in incidence by 2050 for all studied cancers in the Arab region, with the largest relative increases expected in Gulf Cooperation Council countries, especially Kuwait, the UAE, and Qatar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cancers related to metabolic dysfunction account for nearly half of the cancer burden in Arab countries, with marked regional differences. The projected rise in incidence and mortality by 2050 highlights the need for comprehensive, multisectoral cancer control policies implemented at the regional level and tailored to the cancer profiles of individual countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"e794"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Accuracy of ChatGPT's Answers to Basic Questions on Uterine and Cervical Cancers.","authors":"Aqdas Malik, Rashida Suleiman, Saria Bala, Shima Ibrahim, Moza Al Kalbani, Hilal Al-Busaidi, Ikram A Burney","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.106","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) platforms based on large language models such as ChatGPT, are increasingly being used by both the public and medical professionals to obtain medical information. This rapid growth in reliance makes it essential to systematically evaluate the accuracy and clinical reliability of AI-generated medical content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of responses provided by ChatGPT regarding prevention, screening, treatment, and risk factors of common gynecological cancers. The assessment focused primarily on the use of ChatGPT by primary care providers and the public with limited subject-specific knowledge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the reliability of ChatGPT (version 3.5) in answering questions about two of the most common gynecological cancers. ChatGPT was posed a total of 40 questions on the prevention, screening, and treatment of endometrial cancer (20 questions) and cervical cancer (20 questions). Responses were independently reviewed and categorized as accurate, inadequate, or inaccurate by five physicians with a mean of 18 ± 3 years of experience in gynecological oncology. Reviewers provided reasons for deeming some responses as inadequate or inaccurate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 20 out of 40 (50%) responses by ChatGPT 3.5 were regarded as either inaccurate or inadequate. Most of the deficient responses were related to questions on the treatment of the two cancers, while responses to questions about prevention were mostly accurate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions ch: </strong>atGPT may provide accurate information about prevention of gynecological cancers, but the public and health professionals should not rely on its responses to make medical decisions, as many responses in this domain were inadequate or inaccurate. Consultation with qualified physicians or specialists is essential for individualized decision-making. Medical information sourced from AI tools such as ChatGPT should be integrated with clinician oversight to improve reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"e795"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Comparative Study on the Relationship Between Adverse Maternal and Fetal Outcomes and the Total Number of Antenatal Visits: Evaluating the Focused Antenatal Care Model and Assessment of Prenatal Care Utilization Index.","authors":"Jesmitha Vijayan, Nitu Mishra, Aruna Kumar, Avani Ahuja","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.109","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Antenatal care (ANC) visits during pregnancy aim to identify and address factors associated with unsafe pregnancy while educating pregnant women on the nuances of pregnancy and motherhood. The recommended number of visits varies across different countries. We compared the adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in participants with adequate ANC visits to the Focused ANC (FANC) model by the World Health Organization with those in the adequate and adequate plus categories of the Adequacy of the Prenatal Care Utilization (APNCU) index, to evaluate if the number of visits had any influence on these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective observational study among consenting participants who had received one or more antenatal visits elsewhere before presenting to our hospital for further care between January 2021 and September 2022. We collected details on previous pregnancy, prior ANC visits, adverse maternal, and fetal outcomes after delivery, and then statistically analyzed the data. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square test, and the level of significance was set at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05 with a confidence interval of 95%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 500 participants were included. Of these, 2.0%, 13.4%, 46.6%, and 38.0% received adequate plus, adequate, intermediate, and inadequate prenatal care, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between participants with adequate visits as per the FANC model and those with adequate and adequate plus visits as per the APNCU index in the distribution of high-risk factors in the index pregnancy, such as anemia, hypertensive disorder, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Similarly, statistically significant differences were found between adverse maternal outcomes like post-partum hemorrhage and intensive care unit admission, and adverse neonatal outcomes like preterm birth, low birth weight, birth asphyxia, neonatal hypoglycemia, meconium aspiration, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and stillbirth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the number of participants receiving adequate ANC based on the FANC model was greater than those in the adequate and adequate plus categories according to the APNCU index, the frequency of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes was higher in the FANC model. This most likely indicates that less frequent ANC visits are probably inadequate for the timely identification of issues of concern, and therefore for preventing adverse outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"e798"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13093137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Optic Disc Anomaly with Unique Fundoscopic and MRI Findings.","authors":"Asma AlHatmi, Anuradha Ganesh, Eiman Al-Ajmi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.78","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.78","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"e806"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13338685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperthyroidism Presenting as Jaundice in a Child.","authors":"Tawfiq Taki Al Lawati, Aisha Al Sinani, Fatma Ali Ramadhan Al Lawati","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.28","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperthyroidism-related liver disease is an uncommon cause of jaundice in children. There is scarce data on its clinical and histological features and management. We report the case of a five-year-old girl with thyrotoxicosis associated with hepatitis, which was managed solely and successfully with carbimazole and propranolol.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial Abnormality in a Neonate: What is Your Diagnosis?","authors":"Avantika Gupta, Roshan Chanchlani, Satish Choudhury, Chetan Khare","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.74","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.74","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 4","pages":"e786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12665219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145655025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperglycemia and Obesity as the Key Drivers of Increased Colorectal Cancer Mortality in the North Africa and Middle East Region.","authors":"Hasan Al-Sayegh, Shoaib Al-Zadjali, Mansour Al-Moundhri","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.92","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.92","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) are increasing in the North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region, in contrast to the global trend. While the upward trend of the CRC mortality in the NAME region is evident, the key drivers of this increase are still not fully established. We sought to examine the impact of 11 risk factors on the rise in CRC mortality in the region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained data from the Global Burden of Disease study 1990-2019. We examined changes in risk-related ASMR (ASMRΔ) for high body mass index (BMI), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), low physical activity, smoking, alcohol, and six dietary factors. Analyses were stratified by sex. Rates and rate differences were expressed per 100 000.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CRC ASMR in the NAME region increased by 19.5% (ΔASMR = 1.6). ASMR increased by 25.0% (ΔASMR = 2.1) in men and 16.5% (ΔASMR = 1.3) in women. High FPG and high BMI had the highest risk-attributed ASMRΔ in the NAME population (0.56 and 0.55, respectively). In men, high BMI had the highest risk-attributed ΔASMR (0.85), while in women, high FPG had the highest risk-attributed ΔASMR (0.50). ΔASMR, related to all metabolic risks, (high FPG and high BMI) explained 64.4% of the CRC mortality increase in the region, 63.8% of the increase in men, and 53.8% of the increase in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CRC mortality is increasing in the NAME region; hyperglycemia and obesity are the key drivers of the increasing trend. Interventions targeting metabolic risks are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 4","pages":"e729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13228990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148157486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Papillary Carcinoma of Lateral Thyroglossal Duct Cyst with De Novo Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid: A Rare Case Report.","authors":"Tushar Kambale, Saurabh Shyamsunder Patil, Saloni Bhardwaj, Sirish Chandanwale","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.19","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroglossal duct cysts are commonly seen in the midline of the neck, accounting for 7% of cases presenting with midline swelling. Carcinoma within a thyroglossal duct cyst is extremely rare, occurring in fewer than 1% of cases, and lateral occurrences are particularly uncommon. This case describes a 25-year-old female with papillary carcinoma identified in the left lateral thyroglossal duct cyst, along with de novo papillary carcinoma in the right thyroid lobe.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12669820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70686120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Silent Pandemic: Preventing Non-communicable Diseases from Taking Over the Arabian Gulf.","authors":"Wesley Kuijpers","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.93","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.93","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 4","pages":"e789"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12797197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145970825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Hypernatremia Among Medically Hospitalized Patients and the Related Clinical Outcomes.","authors":"Juhaina Salim Al-Maqbali, Intisar Hamood Al Yaqoubi, Rayan Khalfan Al Jabri, Afnan Ahmed Al Farsi, Abdullah M Al Alawi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.97","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.97","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Hypernatremia is frequently observed, with prevalence varying widely depending on hospital clinical settings. It has been identified as an indicator of mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients. This study aimed to examine the prevalence, health implications, and predictors of hypernatremia among hospitalized patients with medical illnesses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included adult patients (≥ 18 years) admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Serum sodium levels were documented upon admission and at the time of discharge. Hypernatremia was defined as a sodium concentration > 145 mmol/L.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 424 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 34 (8.02%, 95% Cl: 5.78-11.02%) had hypernatremia on admission. There were 189 (44.6%) female patients, and the median age was 59.0 (IQR = 40.5-73.0) years. Aging was associated with severe hypernatremia (<i>p</i>< 0.010), and patients with severe hypernatremia had lower concentrations of potassium and albumin (<i>p</i>< 0.010). Patients who received normal saline (0.9%) during hospitalization showed a significant improvement in sodium concentration at discharge compared to the concentrations upon admission (141.0 vs. 149.5 mmol/L; <i>p</i>< 0.01). Patients with hypernatremia experience a considerably higher risk of inpatient mortality (<i>p =</i>0.024). Serum albumin concentration had negative associations with the likelihood of hypernatremia (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88-0.96; <i>p</i>< 0.010) and inpatient mortality (aOR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.79-0.87; <i>p</i>< 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hypernatremia is prevalent among older adults and patients with hypovolemia. It is often associated with hypokalemia and hypoalbuminemia and may potentially lead to adverse health outcomes, including increased inpatient mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 4","pages":"e778"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13333065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}