Oman Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Rate of Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Patients with Apparent Resistant Hypertension Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital.","authors":"Fatema Al-Ajmi, Abdulmalik Al Moqbali, Mohammed Al Abri, Khalid Al Waili, Khalid Al Rasadi, Khamis Al Hashmi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.63","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.63","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the screening rate and the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in patients with apparent resistant hypertension (ARH) attending Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, and to assess sex differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted using the data from 500 patients with ARH between January 2018 and January 2023. The cohort included 270 women and 230 men. Data extracted from hospital records included demographic and clinical characteristics, antihypertensive medications, results of OSA screening tools (e.g., Epworth Sleepiness Scale and STOP-Bang questionnaire), and polysomnography outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 500 patients with ARH, 54 (10.8%) were diagnosed with OSAS. Only 6.6% (n = 33) were screened for OSA using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale or STOP-Bang questionnaire, while the majority (93.4%, n = 467) were not screened. Women constituted 54.0% of the cohort and had a higher mean body mass index than men (32.7 kg/m² vs. 30.2 kg/m², <i>p</i> < 0.001). OSAS prevalence was significantly higher in women than men (14.1% vs. 7.0%, <i>p =</i> 0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was a low rate of screening for OSAS among patients with ARH at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, which may explain the lower-than-expected prevalence observed. Contrary to published literature, OSAS was more frequently diagnosed in women, who were screened more often, suggesting that OSA may be underdiagnosed in men.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e734"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood Leukemia Presenting as Clinical Arthritis and Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis: A Case Report.","authors":"Eman Al Masroori, Sumaiya Al Hadhrami, Nawal Al Shamli","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.12","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A previously healthy five-year-old boy was seen in the rheumatology clinic with a five-month history of migrating joint discomfort, followed by right knee and left ankle arthritis. He showed no signs of lymphadenopathy, organomegaly, rashes, or fever. He could not bear weight and had nocturnal pain that was out of proportion to juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Blood tests revealed no pancytopenia. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive enhancement in nearly all bones, suggestive of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. However, bone biopsy followed by marrow aspiration confirmed a diagnosis of pre-B-cell leukemia. This case highlights the importance of considering the possibility of childhood malignancies mimicking juvenile idiopathic arthritis and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, even in the absence of typical neoplasm symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e743"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged Fever and Severe Hypercalcemia Revealing Systemic Extrapulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Lesson to be Learned.","authors":"Ines Kechaou, Rym Abida, Hamdi Mohamed Salah, Eya Cherif, Lamia Ben Hassine","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.10","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcoidosis often manifests with pulmonary involvement, making isolated extrapulmonary presentations rare and diagnostically challenging. We present the case of a 43-year-old woman who presented with prolonged fever, deep lymphadenopathy, massive splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and severe hypercalcemia, mimicking malignancy. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established after the failure of anti-tubercular therapy, exclusion of differential diagnosis, and the subsequent development of cutaneous sarcoids. This case highlights the importance of recognizing isolated extrapulmonary pseudo-tumoral presentations of sarcoidosis, which can lead to delayed diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e741"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12414097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological Imaging in Diagnosing Orbital Pathologies.","authors":"Hind Al-Shukaili, Arwa A Al-Mujaini, Abdullah S Al-Mujaini","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.124","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 5","pages":"e727"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Use Among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Infection (SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant) in Oman: A Single-center Retrospective Study.","authors":"Alia Hani Ali Elatris, Rana Abdulhadi Mustafa, Jimmy Jose, Faryal Khamis, Nenand Pandak","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.53","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify and evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics among hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2, Omicron variant in Oman, focusing on the prevalence of antibiotic use, rates of simultaneous infection, and potential overuse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed data from the electronic medical records of patients with COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant who were hospitalized at the Royal Hospital, Muscat, during December 2021-February 2022. Information on demographic and clinical details (including existing infections and comorbidities), hospital stays, and outcomes were collected. The prevalence and pattern of antibiotic use were examined, an association with their disease characteristics and simultaneous infection status were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using R software. Associations between categorical variables were evaluated using chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants were 176 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (mean age 59.3 ± 18.6 years), of whom 69.9% had mild disease and 22.7% had severe disease. Simultaneous infection (coinfection or superinfection) was present in 11 (6.3%) patients, including 7 (4.0%) bacterial infections as revealed by culture tests. Despite the low rate of simultaneous infections, 104 (59.1%) patients received antibiotics, as follows: ceftriaxone (45.2%), piperacillin and tazobactam (45.2%), and vancomycin (21.2%). Half of the patients who received antibiotics used them for only one to three days with a median duration of four days (range = 1-16). Antibiotic use was significantly associated with patient sex (<i>p =</i> 0.030), and the presence of simultaneous infection (<i>p =</i> 0.029). The number and duration of antibiotic treatment also showed significant associations with various patient and disease characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite low rates of confirmed bacterial infections, antibiotics were administered to majority of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (Omicron variant). This finding emphasizes the need for strengthening antimicrobial stewardship to curb unnecessary antibiotic use and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance during pandemics in Oman.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy and Intubation-surfactant Administration-extubation in Premature Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome.","authors":"Mehrdad Rezaei, Batool Abbasi, Khadijehsadat Najib, Seyed Mostajab Razavinezhad Ardakani, Mozhgan Moghtaderi, Sara Mostafavi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.55","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.55","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Surfactant therapy is an established treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). We sought to compare two administration techniques, intubation-surfactant administration-extubation (INSURE) and minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST), for efficacy and safety in premature neonates with RDS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized clinical trial, premature neonates with RDS admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in Iran from July to December 2020 were randomly assigned either to INSURE or MIST. In the MIST group, the surfactant was administered during spontaneous breathing via a thin vascular catheter without intubation. In the INSURE group, infants were intubated, surfactant administered, and then extubated. The key outcomes were the frequency of surfactant administration, duration of oxygen support, need for mechanical ventilation in the first 72 hours, and complications arising.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The baseline characteristics of the studied premature neonates (N = 82) were similar between the INSURE (n = 44) and MIST (n = 38) groups. The surfactant treatment time was much shorter for the INSURE group (10.5 ± 17.0 minutes) than for the MIST group (42.0 ± 42.5 minutes; <i>p</i> < 0.001). All infants received the first dose of surfactant, and requiring a second dose was obeserved in 17 (38.6%) in the INSURE group and 18 (47.4%) in the MIST group (<i>p =</i> 0.400). There were no significant differences between the groups in the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, or disseminated intravascular coagulation. The duration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure and the need for mechanical ventilation were also similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both INSURE and MIST techniques are effective and safe for administering surfactant therapy to premature infants with RDS, with no significant differences in outcomes or complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Viral Threats: Are We Prepared for Another Pandemic?","authors":"Swati Sahai, Amit Kumar","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.66","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.66","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e747"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Herpes Zoster Vaccination Among Primary Healthcare Physicians: A Cross-sectional Survey in Jazan, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Hadi H Daghreeri, Amal J Alfaifi, Ammar A Bajawi, Mohamed S Mahfouz, Abdulaziz I Juraybi, Sulaiman Hamdi, Faris A Alhazmi, Mazen M Ali, Abdullah H Alhamoud","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.70","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.70","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the knowledge levels, attitudes, practices, and associated factors regarding herpes zoster (HZ) vaccination among primary healthcare physicians in Jazan, Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023, among 281 primary healthcare physicians in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, which included a 15-point knowledge assessment scale and a Likert-type scale for attitudes and practices. Knowledge was deemed sufficient if the median score was achieved. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified predictors of knowledge sufficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 288 physicians invited, 281 participated with a response rate of 97.6%. The mean age was 35.2 ± 8.4 years, with a male majority (n = 164; 58.4%). Adequate knowledge of HZ vaccination was observed in 176 (62.6%) participants. Knowledge was associated with a professional level (<i>p =</i> 0.027); years of experience (<i>p =</i> 0.020)-especially those with ≥ 5 years of experience (<i>p =</i> 0.038)-were significant predictors of adequate knowledge. Most physicians (71.5%) perceived the vaccine as safe, and 65.8% considered it a clinical priority; however, 47.3% cited time constraints as a barrier to recommending it to patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While knowledge levels among primary healthcare physicians in Jazan are acceptable overall, gaps in vaccination practices persist. Experience was a significant determinant of knowledge sufficiency, whereas time constraints were the primary barrier to vaccine recommendation. Targeted educational interventions and systemic adjustments were recommended to address time management challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoarthritis Flare-up Secondary to Zoledronic Acid Infusion: A Case Report.","authors":"Maisa H Al Kiyumi, Maryam Al Kiyumi, Amira Al Harrasi, Yaqoub Al Saidi, Hana Al Sumri, Asma Al Shidhani, Sanaa Al Sumri, Abdulaziz Al Mahrezi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.08","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zoledronic acid is commonly used to treat osteoporosis and it is generally well tolerated. We describe the case of a woman with osteoporosis, who developed a flare-up of osteoarthritis hours after receiving a single dose of zoledronic acid. She developed fever with chills, generalized body aches, and severe low back pain. This was followed by severe bilateral knee pain, wrist pain, and minor joint pain in the hands. Radiography revealed signs of osteoarthritis in the following joints: proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the hands, trapeziometacarpal joint, patellofemoral, and medial tibiofemoral joint on both sides. Investigations excluded septic arthritis, gout arthritis, and systemic infection. A diagnosis of a flare-up of osteoarthritis secondary to zoledronic acid infusion was made. Symptomatic treatment and supportive care led to the patient's recovery. Treating physicians need to be aware of the possibility of such rare symptom flare-ups following zoledronic acid infusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e739"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12414099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis Following COVID-19 Infection in an Adolescent Girl.","authors":"Ahmed Atris, Issa Al Salmi, Abeer Al Balushi, Seif Al Abri","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.09","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunoglobulin A vasculitis, formerly known as Henoch-Schoenlein purpura, is a rare acute auto-immune condition often associated with infections. We describe an adolescent girl who had recently recovered from COVID-19 infection. She presented with painless hematuria, high blood pressure, purpuric skin rash, bilateral ankle pain and swelling, abdominal pain, and inability to walk. She was admitted and clinically diagnosed with immunoglobulin A vasculitis and started on steroid treatment, to which there was a dramatic response, only to relapse as the steroid was being tapered off. Treatment with azathioprine as a steroid-sparing agent led to complete remission without recurrence. This case also suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may trigger the development of autoimmune diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e740"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}