Rate of Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Patients with Apparent Resistant Hypertension Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the screening rate and the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in patients with apparent resistant hypertension (ARH) attending Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, and to assess sex differences.

Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted using the data from 500 patients with ARH between January 2018 and January 2023. The cohort included 270 women and 230 men. Data extracted from hospital records included demographic and clinical characteristics, antihypertensive medications, results of OSA screening tools (e.g., Epworth Sleepiness Scale and STOP-Bang questionnaire), and polysomnography outcomes.

Results: Of the 500 patients with ARH, 54 (10.8%) were diagnosed with OSAS. Only 6.6% (n = 33) were screened for OSA using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale or STOP-Bang questionnaire, while the majority (93.4%, n = 467) were not screened. Women constituted 54.0% of the cohort and had a higher mean body mass index than men (32.7 kg/m² vs. 30.2 kg/m², p < 0.001). OSAS prevalence was significantly higher in women than men (14.1% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.013).

Conclusions: There was a low rate of screening for OSAS among patients with ARH at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, which may explain the lower-than-expected prevalence observed. Contrary to published literature, OSAS was more frequently diagnosed in women, who were screened more often, suggesting that OSA may be underdiagnosed in men.