Oman Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Laryngeal Ventricle: A Case Report.","authors":"Vinota Paniselvam, Sharifah Intan Safuraa Shahabudin Syed Ahmad Fauzi, Moharzudi Mohamed, Nahjatul Kursyiah Abd Ghafar, Nik Fariza Husna Nik Hassan","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.11","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the laryngeal ventricle is extremely rare. We report a case of an elderly man with this condition, where a multidisciplinary team, involving an otorhinolaryngologist, pathologist, and oncologist developed a management plan, with a good outcome for the patient. We recommend a multidisciplinary team approach for diagnosing and treating undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma to achieve an optimal outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e742"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Use Among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Infection (SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant) in Oman: A Single-center Retrospective Study.","authors":"Alia Hani Ali Elatris, Rana Abdulhadi Mustafa, Jimmy Jose, Faryal Khamis, Nenand Pandak","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.53","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify and evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics among hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2, Omicron variant in Oman, focusing on the prevalence of antibiotic use, rates of simultaneous infection, and potential overuse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed data from the electronic medical records of patients with COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant who were hospitalized at the Royal Hospital, Muscat, during December 2021-February 2022. Information on demographic and clinical details (including existing infections and comorbidities), hospital stays, and outcomes were collected. The prevalence and pattern of antibiotic use were examined, an association with their disease characteristics and simultaneous infection status were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using R software. Associations between categorical variables were evaluated using chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants were 176 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (mean age 59.3 ± 18.6 years), of whom 69.9% had mild disease and 22.7% had severe disease. Simultaneous infection (coinfection or superinfection) was present in 11 (6.3%) patients, including 7 (4.0%) bacterial infections as revealed by culture tests. Despite the low rate of simultaneous infections, 104 (59.1%) patients received antibiotics, as follows: ceftriaxone (45.2%), piperacillin and tazobactam (45.2%), and vancomycin (21.2%). Half of the patients who received antibiotics used them for only one to three days with a median duration of four days (range = 1-16). Antibiotic use was significantly associated with patient sex (<i>p =</i> 0.030), and the presence of simultaneous infection (<i>p =</i> 0.029). The number and duration of antibiotic treatment also showed significant associations with various patient and disease characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite low rates of confirmed bacterial infections, antibiotics were administered to majority of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (Omicron variant). This finding emphasizes the need for strengthening antimicrobial stewardship to curb unnecessary antibiotic use and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance during pandemics in Oman.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy and Intubation-surfactant Administration-extubation in Premature Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome.","authors":"Mehrdad Rezaei, Batool Abbasi, Khadijehsadat Najib, Seyed Mostajab Razavinezhad Ardakani, Mozhgan Moghtaderi, Sara Mostafavi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.55","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.55","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Surfactant therapy is an established treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). We sought to compare two administration techniques, intubation-surfactant administration-extubation (INSURE) and minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST), for efficacy and safety in premature neonates with RDS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized clinical trial, premature neonates with RDS admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in Iran from July to December 2020 were randomly assigned either to INSURE or MIST. In the MIST group, the surfactant was administered during spontaneous breathing via a thin vascular catheter without intubation. In the INSURE group, infants were intubated, surfactant administered, and then extubated. The key outcomes were the frequency of surfactant administration, duration of oxygen support, need for mechanical ventilation in the first 72 hours, and complications arising.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The baseline characteristics of the studied premature neonates (N = 82) were similar between the INSURE (n = 44) and MIST (n = 38) groups. The surfactant treatment time was much shorter for the INSURE group (10.5 ± 17.0 minutes) than for the MIST group (42.0 ± 42.5 minutes; <i>p</i> < 0.001). All infants received the first dose of surfactant, and requiring a second dose was obeserved in 17 (38.6%) in the INSURE group and 18 (47.4%) in the MIST group (<i>p =</i> 0.400). There were no significant differences between the groups in the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, or disseminated intravascular coagulation. The duration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure and the need for mechanical ventilation were also similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both INSURE and MIST techniques are effective and safe for administering surfactant therapy to premature infants with RDS, with no significant differences in outcomes or complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Viral Threats: Are We Prepared for Another Pandemic?","authors":"Swati Sahai, Amit Kumar","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.66","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.66","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e747"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinico-radio-histopathological Correlation of Leiomyoma Variant, STUMP, and Sarcoma: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Jayasree Santhosh, Shima Al-Mughairfi, Huda Al-Ghaithi, Zainab Al-Hilal, Reem Hamood Al-Maqbali, Ahmed Al-Salmi, Jokha Al-Kalbani, Ruqaiya Al-Shamsi, Thuria Al-Rawahi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2025.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We sought to compare the epidemiological and clinical features of variant leiomyoma, smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), and sarcoma to classical leiomyoma and assess the radio-histological correlation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, observational study was conducted in Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman. We included all patients who underwent surgical treatment for uterine fibroids from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2016. Data was retrospectively collected from electronic patient records, pictures archiving system, and histopathology reports, and analyzed using SPSS version 29 and MedCalc Statistical Software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 14269 patients who attended the gynecology outpatient department, 19.5% were clinically diagnosed with uterine fibroids. Surgical procedures were performed in 545 (19.6%) women. Diagnosis from histopathology reports was classical leiomyoma in 508 (93.2%) cases, variant leiomyoma in 35 (6.4%), and sarcomas in two (0.4%); there were no cases of STUMP. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correctly identified 125 (89.9%) cases of classical leiomyoma and 2/11 (18.2%) cases of variants. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI to predict non-classical varieties was 22.22% and 88.65%, respectively. MRI had a strong negative predictive value (94.7%) for leiomyoma variants. The area under the curve for classical and variant leiomyoma was 0.63 (0.55-0.71) and 0.55 (0.47-0.64). The accuracy of MRI in predicting classical leiomyoma was 86.00 (79.40-91.12) and 84.67 (77.87-90.03) the non-classical varieties.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Epidemiological and clinical features were not helpful in distinguishing between classical leiomyoma and non-classical varieties. MRI had weak discriminatory power to distinguish between classical and non-classical varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"e715"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperthyroidism with Peritoneal Serositis Leading to Small Bowel Obstruction: A Case Report.","authors":"Ali Al Sharqi, Ruqaiya Al Shehhi, Miaad Al Hinai, Safiya Al Masrouri, Hani Al Qadhi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.01","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cases of small bowel obstruction in the virgin abdomen are rare and can pose diagnostic challenges, especially when associated with endocrinopathy. We present a young woman with uncontrolled Graves' disease who was admitted with a small bowel obstruction in a virgin abdomen a few weeks after developing a thyroid storm.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70693867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E2F-1-Akt1 Interaction as Precursor to Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cells.","authors":"Samiya Al-Jaaidi, Buthaina Al-Dhahli, Asma Al Sibani, Thraia Al Harthi, Hajar Al Ghafri, Shadia Al-Bahlani","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.41","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to investigate the expression levels and interaction between E2F-1 and Akt1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, and whether cisdiamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) could influence such an interaction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A batch of MDA-MB-321 breast cancer cells were treated with increasing concentrations of cisplatin (2.5-40 μM) for 24 hours. Additional cells from the same source were used for control experiments. Cisplatin-induced apoptosis was confirmed biochemically using cleaved polymerase and flow cytometry analysis, and morphologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Hoechst staining, and scanning electron microscopy. Caspase-3 cleavage, an indicator of apoptotic induction, was measured by immunofluorescence. A western blot test was used to investigate the effects of cisplatin on E2F-1 and Akt1 expressions, while their co-localization and interaction were detected using immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A western blot analysis revealed an increase in E2F-1 and a decrease in Akt1 expression with increasing concentration of cisplatin, compared to untreated cells. Merged E2F-1 and Akt1 immunosignals observed by immunofluorescence demonstrated that cisplatin-treated cells exhibited co-localization of immunosignals in clusters and with increased intensity in the cytoplasm. Immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis results further confirmed the association between E2F-1 and Akt1, indicating a potential interaction between the two proteins in MDA-MB-231 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest a potential interaction between E2F-1 and Akt1, which in turn could be the precursor for the cisplatin-induced apoptosis in TNBC cells. Further studies are needed to determine whether this interaction occurs directly or via an intermediate protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"e709"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term Metabolic Outcomes After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Oman.","authors":"Halah Al Hadhrami, Nawal Al Nabhani, Bader Al Hadhrami, Hana Al Sumri, Sanaa Al Sumry","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2025.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Obesity poses a significant challenge worldwide, increasing the risk of various metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), and dyslipidemia. Bariatric surgery, specifically a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), is effective in inducing weight loss, thereby improving the rate of obesity-related metabolic diseases. This study aimed to assess the short-term effectiveness and metabolic effects of LSG procedures among patients in Oman.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman, and included patients who underwent LSG between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018. Demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were collected from the hospital's computerized records preoperatively and one year postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 168 patients were included in the study, of whom most were female (66.1%). Before surgery, the mean age was 36.1 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 50.8 kg/m². In terms of comorbidities, 28.6% had T2DM, 28.6% had HTN, and 20.8% had dyslipidemia. Postoperatively, more than two-thirds of the cohort (n = 132; 78.6%) achieved a target percent excess weight loss (EWL) of > 50%, including 89.5% and 73.0% of male and female patients, respectively (<i>p =</i> 0.014). The percent EWL was positively correlated to preoperative BMI (<i>p</i> < 0.001); however, no significant associations were observed with various comorbidities, including HTN, T2DM, dyslipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea (<i>p</i> > 0.050).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study indicate that LSG is effective for the short-term achievement of percent EWL among Omani patients with morbid obesity. However, further studies are needed to assess the long-term effectiveness of LSG on percent EWL and its effect on obesity-related metabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"e717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Management of Urinary Tract Infections: Insights from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman.","authors":"Pranjal N Chhajlani, Hemant Hardikar","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.47","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess treatment initiatives in symptomatic and asymptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) cases, identify effective antibiotics based on culture reports, and evaluate secondary factors such as symptoms, urine white blood cells, culture correlation, prevalent microbial flora, empirical antibiotic efficacy, and prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of urological cases with microbial growth on culture was conducted. Data on demographics, symptoms, urinalysis, culture analysis, antibiotic sensitivity, and MDR status were collected and statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 223 cases included in the study, 191 were symptomatic and 32 were asymptomatic. <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the most common pathogenic organism (55.6%). Nitrofurantoin exhibited high efficacy (75.4% in symptomatic and 78.1% in asymptomatic patients), with no significant difference between the two groups in MDR bacteria prevalence (<i>p =</i> 0.377) or positive follow-up cultures (<i>p =</i> 0.687).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nitrofurantoin was highly effective for UTIs; however, multidrug-resistant strains remain a concern. With limited access to minimum inhibitory concentration results and culture sensitivity tests during the initial patient visit, physicians prescribing first-line treatments for suspected cases of resistance must carefully evaluate clinical presentation, patient history, and local resistance patterns. Subsequent treatments should be based on culture sensitivity results and clinical guidelines. This study is particularly relevant in the Gulf Cooperation Council region due to its distinct epidemiological and clinical landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"e714"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12242136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney: A Case Series.","authors":"Noor Nabi Junejo, Muhammad Humza Kamal, Shahid Aquil, Fathiya Al Rahbi, Ghalib Amur Rashid Al Badaai, Khurram Mutahir Siddiqui","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.04","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal parenchyma without a history of urolithiasis is a rare entity. Renal SCC is usually associated with other conditions like renal stone disease, chronic inflammation, and infection. We report three cases of primary SCC with no history of renal stone disease or identifiable risk factors. We also present a current review of the literature and a detailed description of the morphological features.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e721"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70693889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}