Oman Medical Journal最新文献_第5页

Estimating Optimal Treatment Rule for Major Depressive Disorder Using Penalized Regression Method. 用惩罚回归法估计重度抑郁症的最优治疗规则。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-09-30 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2024.95

Narges Ghorbani, Ghodratollah Roshanaei, Vajihe Ramezani-Doroh, Alireza Soltanian, Mahya Arayeshgary, Leili Tapak

{"title":"Estimating Optimal Treatment Rule for Major Depressive Disorder Using Penalized Regression Method.","authors":"Narges Ghorbani, Ghodratollah Roshanaei, Vajihe Ramezani-Doroh, Alireza Soltanian, Mahya Arayeshgary, Leili Tapak","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.95","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.95","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) stands as the primary contributor to disability worldwide. Identifying optimal treatment regimens for patients with MDD using advanced statistical techniques may help improve patient outcomes and reduce the number of hospitalizations.Methods: In a group of patients with MDD from north-western Iran, we compared treatments including work therapy (WT), WT plus electroconvulsive therapy (WT + ECT), WT plus family therapy (WT + FT), and other psychotherapeutic methods (PT). We also estimated the optimal treatment rule and identified essential variables in a loss-based framework using a penalized regression method.Results: The participants were 377 MDD patients of whom 198 (52.5%) received WT alone, 95 (25.2%) received WT + ECT, and 61 (16.2%) were given WT + FT. The remaining 23 (6.1%) patients were treated with PT. A comparison of the treatments revealed that a history of emotional problems was the important variable to consider when selecting WT + ECT, WT + FT, or PT, while patient education level and history of emotional problems were both important for WT + ECT. Applying the above optimal treatment rules is likely to reduce patients' hospital stay days.Conclusions: For patients with MDD, history of emotional problems and education level were the two most important variables for estimating the optimal treatment rules, including personalizing medications. Incorporating important variables into treatment regimens is likely to improve treatment outcomes and decrease the number of hospitalizations.","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 5","pages":"e668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11976147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

One-year-old Infant with Rash. 一岁婴儿有皮疹。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-31 eCollection Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2024.76

Laila Al Yazidi, Buthania Al Musalhi, Khuloud Al Maamari, Eman Al Masroori

引用次数: 0

Comparing Fluconazole and Nystatin as Antifungal Prophylactics in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 比较氟康唑和制霉菌素作为极低出生体重儿抗真菌预防药物：一项随机临床试验。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-31 eCollection Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2024.90

Leila Asgarzadeh, Majid Mahallei, Manizheh Mostafa Gharehbaghi

{"title":"Comparing Fluconazole and Nystatin as Antifungal Prophylactics in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Leila Asgarzadeh, Majid Mahallei, Manizheh Mostafa Gharehbaghi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.90","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.90","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Systemic fungal infections (SFIs) account for 12% of all late-onset sepsis among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and result in adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes among survivors. This study compared the prophylactic efficacies of systemic fluconazole or oral nystatin prophylaxis to prevent SFI in VLBW infants.Methods: In a randomized controlled clinical trial, 120 neonates with gestational age < 32 weeks and birth weight < 1500 g were randomly allocated in two groups. Patients in group A received fluconazole 3 mg/kg intravenously twice weekly from the first 72 hours of life. Patients in group B were administered oral nystatin 1 mL (100 000 units) every eight hours. The primary endpoint was SFI and its associated mortality rate during hospital stay.Results: The mean gestational age of the enrolled infants was 28.2±1.4 weeks. Demographic characteristics were similar in both groups. SFI was detected in six (5.0%) infants with three cases from each group. Three (2.5%) patients died, two of whom were in group B. Four (6.7%) patients in group B and one (1.7%) in group A were treated for retinopathy of prematurity (p = 0.040). Intraventricular hemorrhage was detected in brain ultrasound examination in three (5.0%) neonates in group B and seven (11.7%) in group A (p = 0.020).Conclusions: The intravenous fluconazole and oral nystatin were similarly effective in preventing SFIs in VLBW infants. Future studies are recommended with a larger number of patients before routine administration of nystatin prophylaxis.","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"e651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polyangiitis Overlap Syndrome: Polyarteritis Nodosa with Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Associated with Left Ventricular Thrombus and Vocal Cord Palsy: A Case Report. 多动脉炎重叠综合征：结节性多动脉炎伴白细胞分裂性血管炎伴左室血栓和声带麻痹1例报告。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-31 eCollection Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2024.25

Wahinuddin Sulaiman, Henry Foong Boon Bee, Lim Wei Mei, Ng Theng Chun, Chin Yow Wen, Lee Bang Rom, Syed Ibrahim Jamalullail

{"title":"Polyangiitis Overlap Syndrome: Polyarteritis Nodosa with Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Associated with Left Ventricular Thrombus and Vocal Cord Palsy: A Case Report.","authors":"Wahinuddin Sulaiman, Henry Foong Boon Bee, Lim Wei Mei, Ng Theng Chun, Chin Yow Wen, Lee Bang Rom, Syed Ibrahim Jamalullail","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.25","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.25","url":null,"abstract":"Polyangiitis overlap syndrome (POS) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by overlapping features of more than one well-defined vasculitic syndrome. We present the case of a 38-year-old Malay man with progressive dyspnea and palpable purpura in his lower limbs. The diagnostic evaluation revealed right-sided segmental pulmonary consolidation with pleural effusion, systolic cardiac dysfunction with the presence of an intracardiac thrombus, and left vocal cord palsy secondary to laryngeal mononeuropathy. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies testing yielded negative results, and skin biopsy revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) with negative immunofluorescence studies. The patient fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria for polyarteritis nodosa and idiopathic LCV. Only three case reports of POS with a combination of polyarteritis nodosa overlapping with idiopathic LCV have been reported in the medical literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of POS with cardiopulmonary involvement and laryngeal mononeuropathy. This patient had an excellent response to remission induction therapy using high-dose corticosteroids and mycophenolate mofetil and remains in remission while undergoing a steroid taper. Timely initiation of treatment is essential to prevent vasculitic complications and irreversible organ dysfunction. Mycophenolate mofetil may serve as an acceptable alternative to cyclophosphamide as a remission induction agent in this condition.","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e659"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unusual Cause of Diffuse Pleural Thickening (Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Mimic): Undifferentiated Epithelioid Malignant Neoplasm. 弥漫性胸膜增厚的不寻常原因（恶性胸膜间皮瘤样）：未分化上皮样恶性肿瘤。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-31 eCollection Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2024.27

Jamal Al-Aghbari, Amira Al Badi, Radiya Al Ajmi, Saif Al Mubaihsi

引用次数: 0

Acute Asthma Management in a Tertiary Hospital in Oman. 阿曼一家三级医院的急性哮喘管理。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-31 eCollection Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2024.93

Suhaila Al Farsi, Nasser Al Busaidi

{"title":"Acute Asthma Management in a Tertiary Hospital in Oman.","authors":"Suhaila Al Farsi, Nasser Al Busaidi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.93","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.93","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The quality of asthma management in tertiary hospitals' emergency departments (EDs) is key to sustained asthma control. We assessed the quality of asthma care and adherence to guidelines at the Royal Hospital in Oman.Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study examining the medical records of asthma patients who presented to the ED between 1 June 2014 and 1 June 2016.Results: A total of 217 patients were included in the study. Lack of proper documentation was observed throughout the study. Only 80 patients (59.7% of 134 available records) were on controller therapy and 51 were reported to be compliant. No asthma severity assessment was conducted, and 57 (32.9%) patients experienced respiratory distress. Peak expiratory flow rate measurements were not performed for all patients; chest X-ray was performed for 145 (66.8%) patients, and blood gas analysis for 83 (38.2%). The mean±SD time from the initial assessment to the treatment initiation was 12.0±11.0 minutes. Systemic steroids and nebulizers were used for initial management in 70.5% (n = 153) and 96.3% (n = 209) of patients, respectively. Reassessments at one and two hours following initial assessment were not done for all patients; reassessment records were missing for 50 (54.9%) patients after the first hour, and 50 patients after the second hour. Out of the total sample, 45 (20.7%) patients required hospital admission, with the majority (93.3%) admitted to the medical ward. Post-discharge procedures recommended by guidelines were rarely employed.Conclusions: There is a serious lack of adherence to asthma management guidelines in the ED. The 2009 Omani Ministry of Health guidelines should be updated, considering the recent updates of Global Initiative for Asthma strategies, adopted as the standard of care, and disseminated with regular monitoring to ensure compliance.","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"e654"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11814960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Vaccine Hesitancy: A Review. COVID-19大流行及其对疫苗犹豫的影响：综述

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-31 eCollection Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2024.103

Suci A Widyaningsih, Mohamad S Hakim

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Vaccine Hesitancy: A Review.","authors":"Suci A Widyaningsih, Mohamad S Hakim","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.103","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.103","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccination is one of the most successful public health initiatives in human history, significantly reducing the incidence and severity of infectious diseases. The success of any vaccination program depends on several factors, including effective leadership, funding, distribution management, and addressing vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy, the delay or refusal to be vaccinated despite the availability of immunization services, has always been prevalent in societies but has become more pronounced during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, anti-vaccine activists persistently promoted and increased vaccine hesitancy by using social media to spread rumors, propaganda, and conspiracy theories. The rising vaccine hesitancy among the public became a major challenge to the success of the COVID-19 immunization program. There are also indications that this hesitancy may have generalized against more traditional vaccines. This literature review explores the structure and evolving dynamics of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and the resultant generalized skepticism towards other vaccinations. It also suggests future strategies to address and mitigate the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy.","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"e646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hypothermia in Preterm Neonates in Oman: A Retrospective Study. 阿曼早产儿体温过低：一项回顾性研究。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-31 eCollection Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2024.91

Mohamed Abdellatif, Fatma Musallam Al Ghafri, Murtadha Al Kahbori, Ashfaq Ahmad Khan, Nihal Al Riyami, Moataz Hassan

{"title":"Hypothermia in Preterm Neonates in Oman: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Mohamed Abdellatif, Fatma Musallam Al Ghafri, Murtadha Al Kahbori, Ashfaq Ahmad Khan, Nihal Al Riyami, Moataz Hassan","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.91","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.91","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hypothermia among preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation and whether their temperature at admission is associated with neonatal and maternal risk factors and gestational age. Furthermore, the study evaluates the association between admission temperature, neonatal morbidity, and in-hospital mortality.Methods: This study involved an eight-year retrospective analysis of preterm neonates born < 32 weeks of gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at a tertiary hospital in Oman, from 2010 to 2017.Results: The study included 587 preterm infants with a mean gestational age of 28.4 weeks, a mean birth weight of 1154.2 g, and a mean admission temperature of 35.5 °C. Hypothermia (axillary temperature < 36.5 °C) was present in 509 (86.7%) infants. In univariate analysis, only birth weight and neonatal resuscitation were associated with admission temperature (< 36.5 °C). In the multivariate analysis, only intraventricular hemorrhage demonstrated a significant association with the incidence of hypothermia.Conclusions: Most preterm newborns had hypothermia upon admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, which is associated with essential morbidities. More aggressive interventions are warranted to reduce the incidence of hypothermia in preterm infants.","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"e652"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Large Vulval Lesion During Pregnancy: A Diagnostic Challenge. 妊娠期间外阴大病变：一个诊断挑战。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-31 eCollection Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2024.73

Chandana Prasad, Medha Davile, Avantika Gupta, Shuchita Mundle

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the Novel Impact of Vitamin D Injections at Birth on the Prognosis of Newborns: A Double-blind Study. 揭示出生时注射维生素D对新生儿预后的新影响：一项双盲研究。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-31 eCollection Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2024.89

Hassan Boskabadi, Tahereh Sadeghi, Mina Mostafavi

{"title":"Unveiling the Novel Impact of Vitamin D Injections at Birth on the Prognosis of Newborns: A Double-blind Study.","authors":"Hassan Boskabadi, Tahereh Sadeghi, Mina Mostafavi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.89","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.89","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency can harm both the infant and the mother, potentially altering the trajectory of the child's life. This study aimed to delve into the potentially life-changing impact of vitamin D intake at birth on the prognosis of premature newborns.Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized clinical trial study, between 2021-2022, including 100 infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Premature infants with a gestational age of < 34 weeks and requiring the neonatal intensive care unit admission were randomly allocated into two groups. The intervention group consisted of infants who received 10 000 units of vitamin D, while the control group comprised infants who did not receive any vitamin D at birth. The infants were evaluated based on clinical symptoms, the requirement and duration of oxygen therapy, the necessity and length of mechanical ventilation, the method of oxygen therapy administered, and the length of their hospital stay.Results: This study included 56 (56.0%) boys and 44 (44.0%) girls. A significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups regarding maternal age frequency (p = 0.013). Additionally, the frequency of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.030), surfactant administration (p = 0.009), and the number of times surfactant was administered (p = 0.020) also showed significant differences between both groups.Conclusions: Vitamin D intake at birth could potentially revolutionize the management of respiratory complications in premature infants, a crucial discovery for healthcare practitioners and researchers.","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"e650"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0