Oman Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"A Laryngopharyngeal Mass: Pressure Effect of the Superior Cornu of the Thyroid Cartilage Induced by a Thyroid Mass.","authors":"Siti Farhana Abdul Razak, Mawaddah Azman, Loong Siow Ping","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.23","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage is a versatile structure, and anatomical variations can lead to diverse clinical presentations. We describe a case of a patient with a medialized superior part of the thyroid cartilage caused by pressure from a large thyroid mass, detected during laryngoscopy before thyroidectomy. A neck computed tomography scan revealed an elongated and medially displaced superior cornu of the right thyroid cartilage, resulting from the push exerted by the right thyroid mass. As the patient remained asymptomatic and refused surgical intervention, no further consideration was given to surgically addressing the medialized superior thyroid cornu.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e656"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Healthcare Providers' Preparedness for Managing COVID-19 Patients: A Mixed-methods Study.","authors":"Hasina Al Harthi, Hashil Al Hatmi, Kamila Al-Alawi, Khalid Al Busaidi, Issa Al Salmi, Salah T Al Awaidy","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.83","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Globally, the preparedness of frontline healthcare providers (HCPs) to deliver timely and appropriate medical care has emerged as a significant concern. The training of HCPs in containment measures is considered pivotal in elevating the quality of care for COVID-19 patients while simultaneously mitigating the risk of viral transmission to both fellow patients and HCPs. This study investigates the impact of training on HCPs readiness to manage COVID-19 patients in a tertiary hospital in Oman.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Employing a mixed-method design, we extended invitations to HCPs at the Royal Hospital in Muscat using electronic forms. We collected data about HCPs demographics, their comprehension of the hospital's core objectives and protocols, and any knowledge acquired through official training or self-directed study. Our analytical approach encompassed descriptive and univariate statistical methods, complemented by thematic analysis for the qualitative component.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our survey acquired responses from a total of 241 individuals. Among the respondents, 67.6% were female nurses, and 49.8% were aged between 31-40 years old. Significant differences were observed concerning gender (<i>p =</i> 0.018 and <i>p =</i> 0.001) and profession (<i>p</i> < 0.001 and <i>p</i> < 0.001) with the total score in awareness and knowledge, respectively. Stress and fear of handling confirmed or potentially contagious patients negatively impacted nearly half of the HCPs, with doctors and nurses reporting this effect significantly. Remarkably, 61.0% of HCPs expressed that their confidence in managing COVID-19 cases was positively influenced by their faith in national pandemic plans.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the hospital's protocols and procedures were well comprehended, the lack of preparedness and skills training for managing highly contagious patients resulted in diminished confidence and heightened stress. To fortify their ability to respond to future outbreaks and work with resilience and confidence, HCPs require ongoing, comprehensive, and hands-on training.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"e647"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Death Literacy for a Public Health Palliative Care Approach in Brunei.","authors":"Chandra Kant Rai, Shyh Poh Teo, Hanif Rahman","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.99","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.99","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"e665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Corneal Ectasia at Multiple Medical Centers in Saudi Arabia: A Hospital-based Study.","authors":"Waleed Alghamdi, Sulaiman Aldakhil, Saif Hassan Alrasheed, Kareem Allinjawi, Mustafa Abdu, Raghda F Mutwaly, Khaled Al Rashah, Hani M Ghazal, Ghassan H Radwan, Naveen Kumar Challa","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.88","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.88","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We sought to explore the clinical characteristics of corneal ectasia and provide insights on related factors, including demography, ocular health, and the management trends in the Saudi population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective hospital-based chart review of patients with corneal ectasia in multiple medical centers in Saudi Arabia between 1 January and 31 December 2018. Eye care professionals diagnosed these patients based on their medical history, physical examination, and the use of Pentacam. The severity of the condition was assessed using the k median index from the Pentacam map following the modified Krumeich grading system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We reviewed the medical records of 430 eyes of 215 patients with corneal ectasia. The majority (98.6%) of patients had bilateral corneal ectasia, with 202 (94.0%) having keratoconus and 13 (6.0%) having post-laser in situ keratomileusis ectasia. Males and age groups between 14 and 45 years were more affected. The mean age of onset was 7.1 years, ranging from 2-32 years, which was higher among patients from the western region. Regarding severity, 230 (53.5%) eyes presented in the initial stages, while 36 (8.4%) were in the severe stage with no significant difference between the regions studied. No significant differences were observed in mean central corneal thickness and power between patients from the central and western regions. Corneal rigid gas permeable contact lens was most used in treatment of 176 (40.9%) eyes followed by glasses in155 (36. 0%), while corneal cross-linking was the common surgical intervention (10.9%), followed by penetrating keratoplasty (3.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most keratoconus patients had a bilateral mild stage of the disease and were in their third decade. This high rate of bilaterality of diseases during diagnosis may be due to misdiagnosis in the initial stages, which highlights the importance of community and eye care professionals' awareness of comprehensive eye examinations and regular follow-up, including corneal topography assessments of both eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"e649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Burden and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Salmonella Non-Typhi and Shigella Related Bloody Diarrhea in Children.","authors":"Abir Rashid Al Sinani, Tawfiq Taki Al Lawati, Hajar Musabah Al Saadi, Aamera Al Majrafi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.92","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.92","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We sought to report the frequency of non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (SNT) and <i>Shigella</i> spp. diarrhea and the antibiotic sensitivity in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of children with bloody diarrhea seen at Rustaq Hospital between 1 June 2019 and 31 June 2023. We collected data related to demographic characteristics, symptoms, blood investigations, stool bacterial culture, and antimicrobial sensitivity. Stool samples were tested for <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> growth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1160 children with diarrhea, 153 (13.2%) had bloody diarrhea of which 129 (84.3%) were under five. Ninety-two (60.1%) children were positive for either <i>Salmonella</i> or <i>Shigella</i>. Among the positive cultures, 58 (63.0%) children had SNT, while 34 (37.0%) had <i>Shigella</i> infection. Three children had bacteremia, all under one year old. SNT demonstrated high sensitivity primarily to ceftriaxone (n = 41; 70.7%), ampicillin (n = 53; 91.4%), and ciprofloxacin (n = 54; 93.1%). In contrast, <i>Shigella</i> showed high resistance to ceftriaxone and only 15 (46.9%) patients showed sensitivity. Additionally, 29 children had Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites co-infection with <i>Salmonella</i> on stool microscopy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>Salmonella</i> is more prevalent than <i>Shigella</i> in children under five years, while <i>Shigella</i> is more common in children over five. <i>Salmonella</i> is sensitive to both ceftriaxone and ampicillin. <i>Shigella</i> demonstrates resistance to multiple antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin. It is recommended that children under the age of one be admitted and treated empirically with either ceftriaxone or ampicillin. In older children, antibiotic therapy should be guided by stool culture results. Ciprofloxacin is not a good empirical choice for <i>Shigella</i> in our population due to its high resistance and is contraindicated in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"e653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Law in Shaping Regulations on Fetal Anomalies and Abortion in Oman.","authors":"Nihal Al Riyami","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2024.123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"e645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12003948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on Ocular Infection.","authors":"Fatemeh Heidary, Fahimeh Asadi-Amoli, Zohreh Nozarian, Reza Gharebaghi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.74","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.74","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"e664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bullous Pyoderma Gangrenosum Associated with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Mayar Al-Bahrani, Yousuf Alwashahi, Ahmed Almoqbali, Asma Alajmi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.26","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a rare case of a middle-aged Omani woman who was known to have primary antiphospholipid syndrome, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and iron deficiency anaemia. Cannulation attempts caused bulla which progressed to ulceration. A pathergy phenomenon with high suspicion of pyoderma gangrenosum was postulated. Management with corticosteroids, cyclosporin, and finally ustekinumab, a novel biologic agent, yielded a beneficial response.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"e658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Diabetes Insipidus in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Cytogenetic Abnormality of 9q34 Deletion.","authors":"Majd Farajallah, Fatima Alkaabi, Arif Alam, Raya Almazrouei","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.22","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rarely associated with central diabetes insipidus (CDI) with unclear underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The most commonly reported cytogenetic abnormality in cases of AML-associated CDI is monosomy 7, followed by chromosome 3 abnormalities. We report a case of a woman with newly diagnosed AML with 9q34 deletion (<i>ABL1</i> gene region), who developed symptoms of polyuria and polydipsia with an investigation confirming CDI. This is the first reported case of cytogenetic abnormality of 9q34 deletion (<i>ABL1</i> gene region) in AML with CDI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"e661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11694343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active and Passive Smoking as Catalysts for Cognitive Impairment in Rural Indonesia: A Population-based Study.","authors":"Faizal Muhammad, Afifah Syifaul Ummah, Farida Aisyah, Rivan Danuaji, Diah Kurnia Mirawati, Subandi Subandi, Baarid Luqman Hamidi, Ervina Arta Jayanti Hutabarat, Reviono Reviono, Yulie Erida Nur Rahmawati, Isa Ridwan","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.94","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.94","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Research indicates that active smokers are at risk of cognitive impairment. However, the correlation between chronic passive smoking and the risk of cognitive impairment remains underexplored. This study aimed to determine the association between smoking, passive smoking, and cognitive impairment and examined the dose-response effect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based two-year survey was conducted in four rural public health centers from 2021 to 2023 in Central Java, Indonesia, each center caters to approximately 30 000 people. The participants were selected using simple random sampling from the health center visitors aged 30-60 years. Smoking and passive smoking were determined by self-assessment. Mini-Mental State Examination was used to evaluate cognitive impairment. The potential impact of confounding variables such as lifestyle, sociodemographic factors, and chronic diseases were considered and excluded during statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants were 409 individuals aged 30-60 years. The majority were men (264; 64.5%). Among them, 308 (75.3%) were active smokers, 271 (66.3%) were passive smokers, and 138 (33.7%) were not exposed to tobacco smoke. There was a significant relationship between cognitive impairment and increasing pack years of active smoking. The highest and most significant risk was observed in those who smoked ≥ 20 pack-years with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.61 and 95% CI: 0.98-2.31. Passive smokers had a slightly lower risk of cognitive impairment than those who did not smoke and never smoked (aOR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.37-2.70). They were comparable with OR of 10-19 pack-years total exposure to active smoking (aOR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.24-2.42).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was a dose-response relationship between smoking and cognitive impairment with a significant effect on ≥ 20 pack-years of exposure. Passive smoking also indicated a significant risk of cognitive impairment equivalent to an estimated 10-19 pack-years of active smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"e655"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11711741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}