Oman Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Differences in HRQOL among Children with SCD Who Received Hydroxyurea and Those Who Did Not: A Quantitative Comparison Study.","authors":"Yusra Al Nasiri, Amal Al Sabahi, Karima Al Hanai, Mohammed Al Hanai, Shah Mohammed Wasifuddin, Nawal Al Mashayki, Mudhar Al Adawi, Kamla Al Nassri, Salah Al Awaidy","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.72","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Hydroxyurea is been recommended for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) as it reduces the complications from the disease by increasing the production of fetal hemoglobin. In Oman, hydroxyurea is not consistently prescribed to children with SCD, and limited research has compared the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among children prescribed hydroxyurea. Thus, this study evaluated HRQOL differences between children with SCD who received hydroxyurea and those who did not.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on children from a hematology clinic at a tertiary hospital in Oman. We collected the data using two questionnaires: HRQOL-SCD and HRQOL-Generic. A one-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 74 children (47.3% male and 52.7% female) completed the questionnaire; 33 children were on hydroxyurea and 41 were not. A significant difference in HRQOL scores was found between children receiving hydroxyurea and those not taking the drug [F (1,68) = 419.4; p-value = 0.001]. Regression analysis revealed that hydroxyurea was a significant predictor of improved HRQOL among children with SCD. An R2 of 0.87 indicated that 87.0% of the variability in the child-reported HRQOL-Generic was explained by parental familiarity, self-efficacy, child age, sex, and receiving hydroxyurea [R2 = 0.87, F (8,69) = 52.4; p-value < 0.001].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hydroxyurea improved the children's HRQOL compared to those who did not receive the drug. These findings support the use of hydroxyurea in children to improve HRQOL and reduce vaso-occlusive episodes. We recommend increasing parents' understanding of hydroxyurea's significance and devising strategies to promote children's medication adherence. It is essential to modify the SCD management protocol to optimize the HRQOL among children with SCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 3","pages":"e751"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12766689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145912396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Computed Tomography Brain Scans in Evaluating Geriatric Patients with Generalized Weakness in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.","authors":"Darpanarayan Hazra, Awatif K Alsarrai Al-Alawi, Ahmed Talib Al Salmi, Naima Al Hinai, Mamatha Punjee Rajarao","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.83","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to evaluate the brain in geriatric patients presenting to emergency department (ED). Our study retrospectively aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CT scans in diagnosing generalized weakness in elderly patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years) presenting to the ED with generalized weakness and either fatigue, dizziness, vertigo, fever, nausea, or vomiting between 1 January and 31 December 2022 were included from two prominent EDs in Muscat. Multiple variables were coded and systematically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 12 608 847 patients, 6.7% presented with generalized weakness and underwent a CT scan of the brain as part of their evaluation. The mean age was 76.0 ± 7.7 years, with males comprising 47.5% of the group. Presenting complaints to the ED were fever (57.0%), drowsiness (46.9%), and dizziness (30.0%). CT brain findings included acute ischemic changes (3.3%), subacute ischemic changes (7.8%), acute-on-chronic subdural hematoma or intracranial hematoma (3.4%), and new space-occupying lesions or abscesses (4.4%). Receiver operating characteristic curves assessed the diagnostic performance of CT imaging for various conditions: acute/subacute ischemic cerebrovascular accident (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.47, optimal threshold: 0.188), acute/acute on chronic subdural hematoma or intracranial hemorrhage (AUC = 0.41, optimal threshold: 0.122), significant new and/or acute CT findings overall (AUC = 0.45, optimal threshold: 0.026), and newly detected space occupying lesions (AUC = 0.43, optimal threshold: 0.144).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A CT scan is limited as a diagnostic tool for patients presenting with generalized weakness, particularly in diagnosing new or acute/subacute medical or surgical conditions of the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 3","pages":"e756"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12665198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145655032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Features and Comparative Treatment Outcomes of Atomoxetine and Methylphenidate in Omani Adults with ADHD.","authors":"Omayma Al Kiyumi, Tamadhir Al-Mahrouqi, Salim Al-Huseini, Sathiya Panchatcharam, Amira Al-Hosni, Samir Al-Adawi, Hassan Mirza","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.73","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.73","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes in Omani adults diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with a focus on the efficacy of atomoxetine and methylphenidate in reducing symptoms, and identify clinical predictors of treatment response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study enrolled Omani adults with ADHD receiving treatment at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman. Data on sociodemographic and clinical history were collected. Treatment response was quantified using the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scale, after three months of initiating treatment. Statistical analysis used independent chi-square tests and t-tests, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 171 participants, 60.8% were male. The majority (80.7%) received methylphenidate, while the others (19.3%) received atomoxetine. Inattentive subtype of ADHD (66.1%) was the most common, followed by combined hyperactivity and inattention (24.0%). Most (72.5%) patients had at least one comorbidity. After three months, 83.6% of the patients showed significant improvement on the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale. Response rate for methylphenidate (84.8%) was higher than for atomoxetine (78.8%). Significant predictors of treatment response were male sex (odds ratio = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.00-5.71; p = 0.044) and absence of a family history of ADHD (odds ratio = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.18-7.28; p = 0.020).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both atomoxetine and methylphenidate were effective in treating adult ADHD, but methylphenidate showed a higher response rate. Male sex and the absence of a family history of ADHD were associated with greater response to treatment. These factors may serve as clinical indicators for tailoring pharmacological treatment decisions for individual adult ADHD patients in Oman.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 3","pages":"e752"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12706184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145775130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Quality, Patterns, and Their Impact on Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Cross-sectional Study Among Omani Adults Attending Primary Healthcare in Muscat.","authors":"Abdul Hameed Alsiyabi, Mohamed Aljardani, Asma Alshidhani, Zainab Alhinai, Asma Alrashdi, Hana Al-Riyami","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.71","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our study sought to investigate the relationship between sleep quality, sleep patterns, and 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among Omani adults attending primary healthcare centers in Muscat.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a cross-sectional design to collect patient data obtained between September 2023 and September 2024. Participants who were Omani and aged 30-75 years were included in the study using convenience sampling; however, those with established cardiovascular disease or showing signs of obstructive sleep apnea were excluded. The 10-year CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham Risk Score, and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The research explored the impact of various sleep patterns (monophasic, biphasic, polyphasic), work timings, sociodemographic factors, and body mass index on sleep quality and CVD risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 400 participants were included in this study, with the majority (60.0%) being female. We observed a significant association between poor sleep quality and an increased risk of developing CVD over 10 years (odds ratio = 1.734; p = 0.032). Flexible work timings showed a protective effect against CVD (odds ratio = 0.514; p = 0.010). We found no significant difference between sleep patterns and CVD risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings emphasize the importance of sleep quality and work flexibility in reducing cardiovascular risk, with potential implications for public health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 3","pages":"e750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12766691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145912453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal Abdominal Radiograph Reveals Curvilinear Lucency.","authors":"Chetan Khare","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.39","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e744"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porokeratosis Ptychotropica: A Clinical Note from Vietnam.","authors":"Tuan Anh Vu, Hoang An Nguyen, Thien Nguyen","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.81","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.81","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e746"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Pediatric Trauma and its Outcome Presenting to an Emergency Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman.","authors":"Niranjan Lal Jeswani, Sumaira Iram, Firas Mohammed Shalash, Rabiya Faraz, Huyam Zeidan, Abdullah Al Reesi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.68","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.68","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to analyze pediatric trauma cases treated at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Oman, focusing on injury patterns, mechanisms, and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients aged 15 years and younger who presented to the emergency department over 12 months, from January to December 2022. Data were collected on demographics, injury characteristics, clinical management, and outcomes, including pediatric intensive care unit admissions and length of stay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1643 pediatric trauma cases were included in the study. Most injuries occurred in males (64.8%) and children aged 0-5 years (51.4%). The leading cause of injury was falls from height (50.8%), followed by collisions with fixed objects (12.2%) and sports injuries (8.2%). Injuries predominantly occurred at home (72.7%) and were most frequent during the evening and nighttime (71.5%). Lacerations (32.3%) and soft tissue injuries (19.3%) were the most common types of injuries, with the face (33.0%) and upper extremities (25.3%) being the most frequently affected anatomical sites. Adolescents (11-15 years) were more prone to road traffic accidents and sports-related injuries, while younger children were more vulnerable to falls. Sex differences showed males were more susceptible to lacerations and fractures, while females experienced higher rates of crush injuries and contusions. Most patients (89.3%) were treated and discharged from the emergency department, while 6.7% were admitted to the hospital, and 2.0% had significant clinical outcomes. Patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit had higher rates of motor vehicle collisions and polytrauma and required more intensive interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Falls from height were the most common mechanism of injury in our study, particularly among younger children. Males were more frequently affected, with lacerations and soft tissue injuries being the most common injury types. Adolescents were more prone to road traffic and sports-related injuries. The results emphasize the need for targeted preventive measures, especially at home, roadside, and during recreational activities, to reduce pediatric trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e736"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Laryngeal Ventricle: A Case Report.","authors":"Vinota Paniselvam, Sharifah Intan Safuraa Shahabudin Syed Ahmad Fauzi, Moharzudi Mohamed, Nahjatul Kursyiah Abd Ghafar, Nik Fariza Husna Nik Hassan","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.11","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the laryngeal ventricle is extremely rare. We report a case of an elderly man with this condition, where a multidisciplinary team, involving an otorhinolaryngologist, pathologist, and oncologist developed a management plan, with a good outcome for the patient. We recommend a multidisciplinary team approach for diagnosing and treating undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma to achieve an optimal outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e742"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug-exacerbated Respiratory Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.","authors":"Edwin Nugroho Njoto, Moon Fai Chan, Anak Agung Bagus Wirayuda, Gumilar Fardhani Ami Putra, Desiana Widityaning Sari, Endah Indriastuti, Rizka Nurul Hidayah, Yuri Pamungkas, Edith Maria Djaputra","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.48","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.48","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This meta-analysis aimed to identify the risk factors associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug -exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD), a chronic eosinophilic, inflammatory respiratory disorder characterized by hypersensitivity to aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically reviewed 19 eligible studies and assessed their quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument. Descriptive statistics and meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the pooled odds ratio and identify the risk factors associated with NERD. The analysis considered factors such as age, gender, body mass index, family history, smoking, and atopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Being female, having atopy, a history of smoking, and a family history of asthma were significant risk factors for NERD. Female gender was associated with hormonal differences and the effects of progesterone and estrogen on inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Atopy increased the risk through heightened airway sensitivity, persistent inflammation, and increased mast cell activation. Smoking contributes to NERD by causing chronic airway inflammation, excess mucus production, airway remodeling, and decreased lung function. A family history of asthma indicated a genetic predisposition to bronchial hyperresponsiveness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The meta-analysis identified several risk factors associated with NERD, including being female, having atopy, a history of smoking, and a family history of asthma. These factors contribute to increased susceptibility and inflammation in patients with NERD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Airway Infection and Resistance Pattern in Children and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis in Oman: A Single-center Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Amjad Al Haddabi, Musab Al Jabri, Abdulmajeed Al Balushi, Issa Al Mamari, Hussain Mohsin","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.69","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystemic genetic disease. Progressive decline in lung function is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in this population, primarily related to chronic airway infection and recurrent pulmonary exacerbations. We sought to assess the pattern of airway bacterial growth among patients with CF in Oman and identify possible risk factors for the hypothesized early <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> acquisition among this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective single-center cross-sectional study that included all patients who attended the CF clinic at Royal Hospital, Oman between 2004 and 2020. Collected data included age, sex, geographic region, date of CF diagnosis, CF genotype, number of siblings with CF, and the date and results of all positive respiratory cultures. Early <i>P. aeruginosa</i> acquisition was defined by a positive respiratory culture for <i>P. aeruginosa</i> before the age of two years. Multi-drug resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i> was defined as <i>P. aeruginosa</i> not susceptible to ≥ 1 agent in ≥ 3 classes of antimicrobials. The above factors were compared between the early and late <i>P. aeruginosa</i> acquisition groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 114 patients were included, and 2393 positive bacterial cultures were analyzed. Eighty-four (73.7%) patients were identified to have a positive culture for <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, including 40 (47.6%) who acquired it before the age of two years. <i>P. aeruginosa</i> remained the most common organism across all age groups. Twenty-six (22.8%) patients were positive for <i>P. aeruginosa</i> on their first respiratory culture, while 56 (49.1%) patients had three or more positive respiratory cultures for <i>P. aeruginosa.</i> Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> accounted for 7.2% of all positive cultures under the age of one year and peaked at 14.8% between the ages of four and five years. A significant association were found between early <i>P. aeruginosa</i> acquisition and male sex. No significant association was observed between CF genotype, geographic region, age at diagnosis, or the presence of a sibling with CF and early <i>P. aeruginosa</i> acquisition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrated earlier acquisition of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and its predominance among children with CF in Oman. Male sex was associated with a higher risk for early <i>P. aeruginosa</i> acquisition. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm this association and identify other possible risk factors. These findings will impact the clinical practice of CF physicians in Oman.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"e737-e737e"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}