Oman Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of ECG Criteria for the Diagnosis of Right Ventricular Involvement.","authors":"Suhaib Al-Mashari, Reem Al-Habsi, Amal Al-Habsi, Yasir Al-Malki, Mashaal Al-Saadi, Adil Al-Riyami, Sunil K Nadar","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.85","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.85","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was performed to assess the accuracy of standard electrocardiographic criteria in diagnosing of right ventricular (RV) involvement in patients with inferior myocardial infarction (IMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective analysis of patients admitted with an IMI. Proximal occlusion of the right coronary artery before the origin of the RV branch on angiography was considered diagnostic of RV involvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The subjects were 129 patients (mean age = 55.8±13.1 years; 81.4% male) with inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The most sensitive indicators of RV involvement were an ST elevation in V4R (72.9%) and a higher ST elevation in lead III than in lead II (80.4%). The most specific indicators were ST elevation in V1 (88.7%) and ST elevation in V1 with ST depression in V2 (97.1%). Combining all the criteria improved sensitivity to 85.7% but reduced specificity to 21.2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No single electrocardiogram criterion was able to identify all cases of RV involvement in patients with IMI. Combining the different criteria helped pick up more cases at the cost of increasing false positives.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"e648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Reduction Mammoplasty with Nipple-areola Complex Graft in Ten-Year-Old Girl with Juvenile Gigantomastia: A Case Report.","authors":"Khadija Ali, Manar Husain, Amal Alrayes, Hussain Alsaffar","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.24","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gigantomastia is a rare benign disorder characterized by excessive breast enlargement. Although a standard definition has yet to be established, it is generally known as an excess of approximately 1.5 kg tissue per breast that requires reduction. We report a case of a 10-year-old girl who presented with enlarged breasts. The hormonal assay was normal. Breast ultrasound revealed increased fibroglandular breast tissue with an area of interstitial fluid, prominent vascularity, and dilated veins. There was no evidence of focal masses or collections, ductal ectasia, or axillary lymphadenopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed extremely dense breasts with more than 75% fibroglandular tissue, consistent with juvenile breast hypertrophy. Bilateral reduction mammoplasty with nipple-areola complex graft was performed. The histopathological report confirmed benign gigantomastia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e660"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adopting the Information-knowledge-attitude-practice Model for Transforming Health Behaviors in Medical Practice.","authors":"Isaac Ks Ng","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.120","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"e264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11571051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning-powered 28-day Mortality Prediction Model for Hospitalized Patients with Acute Decompensation of Liver Cirrhosis.","authors":"Abdullah M Al Alawi, Hoor Al Kaabi, Zubaida Al Falahi, Zakariya Al-Naamani, Said Al Busafi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.79","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are persistent global health threats, ranking among the top causes of death. Despite medical advancements, their mortality rates have remained stagnant for decades. Existing scoring systems such as Child-Turcotte-Pugh and Mayo End-Stage Liver Disease have limitations, prompting the exploration of more accurate predictive methods using artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the data of all adult patients with acute decompensated liver cirrhosis admitted to a tertiary hospital during 2015-2021. The dataset underwent preprocessing to handle missing values and standardize continuous features. Traditional ML and deep learning algorithms were applied to build a 28-day mortality prediction model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The subjects were 173 cirrhosis patients, whose medical records were examined. We developed and evaluated multiple models for 28-day mortality prediction. Among traditional ML algorithms, logistic regression outperformed was achieving an accuracy of 82.9%, precision of 55.6%, recall of 71.4%, and an F1-score of 0.625. Naive Bayes and Random Forest models also performed well, both achieving the same accuracy (82.9%) and precision (54.5%). The deep learning models (multilayer artificial neural network, recurrent neural network, and Long Short-Term Memory) exhibited mixed results, with the multilayer artificial neural network achieving an accuracy of 74.3% but lower precision and recall. The feature importance analysis identified key predictability contributors, including admission in the intensive care unit (importance: 0.112), use of mechanical ventilation (importance: 0.095), and mean arterial pressure (importance: 0.073).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrates the potential of ML in predicting 28-day mortality following hospitalization with acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis. Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, and Random Forest models proved effective, while deep learning models exhibited variable performance. These models can serve as useful tools for risk stratification and timely intervention. Implementing these models in clinical practice has the potential to improve patient outcomes and resource allocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"e632"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Common Disease, an Uncommon Location: Left Ventricle Papillary Fibroelastoma.","authors":"Rashid Saif Al Umairi, Khadija Al Adawi, Ahmed Al Kindi, Nasser Al Rahbi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.20","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma (PFE) is a rare benign cardiac tumor, usually associated with cardiac valves. Cases of non-valvular, left ventricular (LV) cavity PFE are extremely rare. We report the case of a 75-year-old man with a history of exertional chest pain. He was referred to our tertiary-care hospital for evaluation. On the echocardiogram, the patient was found to have a LV lesion related to the papillary muscle. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhancing mobile lesion related to the LV anterolateral papillary muscle which suggested a myxoma. The patient underwent surgical resection of the lesion, later histopathologically confirmed to be PFE.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e638"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11391202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterolateral Ligament Pathological Anatomy and its Associated Injuries: An Infographic.","authors":"Angelo V Vasiliadis, Dimitrios Chytas, Vasileios Giovanoulis, Theodore Troupis, George Noussios","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.87","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.87","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"e643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11247305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readiness of Omani Families to Prevent Accidental Injuries at Home in Children Younger than Six Years Old.","authors":"Miada Alabdulsalam, Muna Al Saadoon","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.68","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.68","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We sought to assess the attitude of Omani families toward accidental injuries among children (aged < 6 years) and evaluate the safety measures and available preventive measures to reduce child injuries at home.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional survey examining the self-reported attitudes of Omani parents about accidental injuries (poisoning, falls, burns, and drowning) at home among children younger than six and house safety measures. A total of 220 parents of children aged < 6 years, admitted to a tertiary healthcare teaching hospital, were invited to participate over a period of six months (May to November 2018). Analysis of 178 participant data was performed using SPSS, as 44 of the answered questionnaires had missing data, or were related to children over the age of six.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 16.9% of the Omani families had a history of a child injury in the year before the study. Males were more injured (61.0%) and 66.0% were younger than three years at the time of injury. A door to control access to stairs was available for 53.8% of the families. In 42.5% and 16.0% of the houses, children could access electrical sockets and wires, respectively. Fire alarms and extinguishers were not available in 90.8% and 82.1% of houses, respectively. Those who did not store medications and chemicals in safe places out of reach of children accounted for 56.7% and 63.3% of families, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many of the studied families are not providing an adequate safe environment for children in their houses. Therefore, actions should be taken to increase awareness about accidental injuries prevention within homes and to implement actions so that a safe home environment can be enjoyed by children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"e627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Six-year-old Girl with Bloody Diarrhea due to a Rare Cause.","authors":"Yusriya Al Rawahi, Hajar Al Maamari, Hatem Al Rawahi, Laila S Al Yazidi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.67","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.67","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"e642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11262003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Drug Reactions Among Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients, Prevalence, Severity, Preventability, and Opportunities for Intervention.","authors":"Asma Al Hindi, Sara Al Balushi, Sharifa Al Ruzaiqi, Shaima Al Busafi, Samah Abdulmonem, Iman M Ali, Bushra Al Hindi, Diaa Al Rahmany","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.75","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to boost pharmacovigilance activity in our psychiatry referral hospital and highlight the pharmacist's role in preventing, detecting, and managing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Our goal was to promote patient safety and compliance with psychotropic medication by identifying ADR patterns among hospitalized patients in our psychiatry hospital. We aimed to assess and evaluate the causality, severity, and management of documented ADRs along with establishing a hospital-based ADR reporting platform.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled adult patients (18-60 years) admitted to our psychiatric facility between 1 September 2020 and 30 September 2021 who received at least one psychotropic agent for at least two months. Patients with a history of substance abuse, pregnant females, and patients on clozapine were excluded. Medical records were examined for demographics, clinical details, and psychotropic-related ADRs. ADRs were analyzed for causality using Naranjo's algorithm, for severity using modified Hartwig and Siegel, and for preventability using modified Schumock and Thornton scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 506 admitted patients, 327 suspected psychotropic-related ADRs corresponding to 217 (42.9%) patients, were recorded. Hormonal ADRs were five times higher in men, while the odds of neurological ADRs were significantly higher for women. Otherwise, other ADRs were not statistically affected by gender. Combined therapy was associated with high odds of ADRs, whereas cardiovascular and neurological ADRs were statistically related to monotherapy. Neurological (47.4%) ADRs predominated, followed by cardiovascular (18.7%), and hormonal (15.0%). ADRs were more prevalent among antipsychotics, followed by antidepressants, then mood stabilizers. According to the Naranjo algorithm, some (22.9%) of ADRs were definite, while the majority (74.3%) were probable. As per the Hartwig severity scale, the majority (74.0%) of ADRs were moderate, and the rest (26.0%) were mild. The Modified Schumock and Thornton assessment questionnaire revealed that 75.2% of ADRs were unpreventable, 19.3% were probably preventable, and 5.5% were preventable. In 46.8% of the cases, a new medication was required to manage the emerging ADRs; one-third of ADRs necessitate the replacement of the suspected medication. Close monitoring without any pharmacological intervention was sufficient in 23.2% of cases, while dose reduction was the solution in 7.6% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ADR monitoring in the psychiatry setting by a multidisciplinary team helps recognize the initial signs of ADRs, contributing to better compliance. Hospital-based reporting programs or data-capturing tools will aid in the spontaneous and active assessment of ADRs by healthcare practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"e631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11574781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of JAK/STAT Signaling Proteins at Diagnosis and Remission in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.","authors":"Safa Al-Amrani, Fahad Al-Zadjali, Yasir Jeelani, Zaaima Al-Jabri, Mahdiya Al-Bulushi, Mohammed AlRawahi, Adhari Al Zaabi, Jalila AlShekaili, Mohammed Al-Huneini, Murtadha Al-Khabori","doi":"10.5001/omj.2024.80","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2024.80","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), among other malignancies, has been linked to the deregulation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway, which is essential for cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. This study aimed to investigate the expression of JAK/STAT proteins at diagnosis and remission and how it affects overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective study conducted in the College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assay, we estimated the expression levels of JAK/STAT pathway proteins, including pJAK2, pJAK1, JAK1, pSTAT3, pSTAT5, and STAT5, in peripheral blood and bone marrow samples at diagnosis and remission and normalized to the total protein content. Twenty-three adult AML patients (median age = 47) and seven healthy volunteers, who were used as controls, were included in the study. A total of 68 cell lysates were extracted from samples using peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolation assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier curve, and groups were compared with the COX regression model. The overexpression percent was calculated using the chi-square test (<i>p</i> > 0.050). The study revealed that the expression of JAK1, pJAK1, pJAK2, pSTAT3, STAT5, and pSTAT5 in peripheral blood was lower during the diagnosis phase compared to the remission phase (<i>p</i> > 0.050). All these proteins were overexpressed at diagnosis. These proteins did not impact the OS of AML.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The expression levels of these proteins at the time of diagnosis do not significantly influence the OS of patients with AML. The study is limited in sample size and needs to be confirmed in future studies with a larger sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"e633"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}