Optical Fiber Technology最新文献

{"title":"FBG sensing fusion with deep learning for damage identification in CFRP composites","authors":"Xin Xiong ,&nbsp;Yumin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiqun Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials are susceptible to latent structural damages such as delamination and matrix cracking, which can compromise their integrity and performance. Interpreting fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing signals is crucial for assessing the health state of CFRP materials and ensuring their long-term reliability. However, effectively analyzing these signals remains challenging due to the complex temporal dependencies within structural dynamic responses. To address this issue, this study presents a structural health monitoring (SHM) system that enhances the interpretation of FBG sensing signals using a deep learning framework. A quasi-distributed FBG sensor network is deployed to monitor the dynamic responses of CFRP materials under active loading conditions. Then proposed a one-dimensional convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) hybrid framework to construct an advanced damage identification system. Unlike methods relying on simulated damage data, the dataset in this study is derived from real damages induced by cyclic loading, providing a more accurate representation of actual operating conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art techniques, showing superior performance across various evaluation metrics compared to standalone CNN models and traditional machine learning algorithms. This approach offers an effective means of interpreting FBG sensing signals, providing a novel perspective for the SHM of CFRP materials and contributing to more reliable damage assessment and maintenance strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-power 2048-nm single-longitudinal-mode narrow-linewidth fiber laser based on all-fiber MOPA structure and DCDR filter","authors":"Siyu Peng ,&nbsp;Xiangdong Wang ,&nbsp;Fengping Yan ,&nbsp;Qi Qin ,&nbsp;Ting Feng ,&nbsp;Peng Liu ,&nbsp;Dandan Yang ,&nbsp;Xinbo Li ,&nbsp;Haoyu Tan ,&nbsp;Yuezhi Cai ,&nbsp;Ting Li ,&nbsp;Qiuyu Huang ,&nbsp;Jiawen Liu ,&nbsp;Guosheng Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) narrow-linewidth all-fiber master oscillator power amplification (MOPA) structure based on a uniform fiber Bragg grating (UFBG) and a dual-coupler dual-ring cavity (DCDR) filter is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The experimental results show that the central wavelength of the output laser of the seed-source is 2048.37 nm, the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) is 82.82 dB, and the wavelength and power fluctuation over 60 min are less than 0.02 nm and 0.42 dB, respectively. After two-stage amplification, the output OSNR is more than 70 dB and the maximum output powers of the pre-amplifier and the main amplifier are, respectively, 4.16 W and 17.10 W. During amplification, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) or other parasitic lasing is not observed and the output power is limited only by the power of the pump source. The laser output by the seed-source and two-stage amplification has good narrow-linewidth characteristics. It is demonstrated that the proposed MOPA structure is an excellent power amplification method; it has potential application in LiDAR and future space optical communication systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carrier-assisted differential detection for short-reach optical communications: Research progress and future trends","authors":"Peng Qin,&nbsp;Jiahao Huo,&nbsp;Xiaoying Zhang,&nbsp;Haolin Bai,&nbsp;Wei Huangfu,&nbsp;Keping Long","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by advancements in cloud computing, mobile internet, and virtual reality in the current digital era, extended range (ER) and ze best range (ZR) transmissions over long distances between data centers have created an urgent need for high-speed transmission. However, the traditional intensity modulated direct detection technique limits the transmission distance and data rate due to power degradation caused by chromatic dispersion, while the coherent detection technique is costly due to the need for high-precision local oscillator lasers. Carrier-assisted differential detection (CADD), as an emerging double sideband self-coherent detection technique, combines the advantages of low-cost and optical field recovery capability. We first introduce the fundamentals and challenges of CADD and a variety of modified CADD receivers in detail. To further optimize the performance of the CADD system, explore various SSBI mitigation schemes, including a simplified SSBI iterative algorithm and a guard band-based mitigation scheme. Also, we focus on the development of polarization multiplexing CADD and discuss the solutions based on Jones space field recovery CADD (JSFR-CADD). Compared with JSFR-CADD, we propose a low-cost polarization division multiplexing asymmetric twin-single sideband CADD (PDM-ATSSB CADD) scheme for ER and ZR transmission. Simulations verify the transmission performance of the proposed PDM-ATSSB CADD scheme over single-mode fiber, elucidating the superiority of the scheme. The research results provide an important theoretical basis and technical support for the design of high-performance and low-cost optical communication systems in short-reach ER and ZR scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZnO-PVA coated on D-shaped fiber as a refractive index sensor for isopropyl alcohol detection","authors":"Nik Noor Haryatul Eleena Nik Mahmud ,&nbsp;Farra Izzany Tarmizi ,&nbsp;Siti Noor Hamizah Adam ,&nbsp;Afiq Arif Aminuddin Jafry ,&nbsp;Abdul Ghafar ,&nbsp;Wan Maryam Wan Ahmad Kamil ,&nbsp;Siti Khadijah Mohd Bakhori","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A ZnO-PVA-coated D-shaped fiber sensor is proposed for the detection of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) solutions. The incorporation of ZnO-PVA offers unique advantages such as a high surface-to-volume ratio, high third-order nonlinear and hydrophilic properties which enhance the sensor’s sensitivity and stability for chemical detection. Four D-shaped fibers with different insertion losses of 2.10 dB (Fiber 1), 4.25 dB (Fiber 2), 6.65 dB (Fiber 3), and 7.10 dB (Fiber 4) were fabricated and tested. All sensors exhibit red-shifted wavelength responses when exposed to different concentration IPA solutions with tuning ranges of 0.024 nm, 0.026 nm, 0.028 nm, and 0.025 nm respectively. Fiber 2 had the greatest linearity at 0.9975, surpassing Fiber 1, Fiber 3 and Fiber 4, which displayed linearity of 0.9190 0.9922 and 0.9840, respectively. The sensor achieved a linear response with excellent repeatability and rapid recovery when returned to air, showcasing its robustness for real-time IPA detection. These results highlight the potential of ZnO-PVA-coated D-shaped fiber as reliable, efficient, and high-performance sensors for chemical detection in optoelectronic and biosensing applications. Further improvement of the sensor’s sensitivity and selectivity is proposed for future work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining optical amplifiers gains using reinforcement learning","authors":"José Carlos P. Filho ,&nbsp;Allan A.B. Silva ,&nbsp;Tiago C.C. da Silva ,&nbsp;Erick A. Barboza ,&nbsp;Raul C. Almeida Jr. ,&nbsp;Carmelo J.A. Filho ,&nbsp;Raouf Boutaba","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic nature of future optical networks requires that amplifiers autonomously adjust their gain in response to changing network conditions, such as the addition or removal of channels, to maintain signal power and Generalized Signal-to-Noise Ratio (GSNR) across a cascade of amplifiers. This challenge is known as the Adaptive Control of Optical Amplifier Operating Point (ACOP). Solutions for the ACOP problem have been proposed using techniques such as cognitive learning, supervised learning, and evolutionary algorithms. Among these, the evolutionary approach has achieved the best results in terms of transmission quality. However, it has a relatively high response time, which is a significant drawback for operational deployment. On the other hand, reinforcement learning techniques are important in the field of artificial intelligence to solve problems in real-time with trained models. This work proposes the first modeling of the ACOP problem using reinforcement learning, specifically employing the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm integrated with the GNPy simulator. The objective is to improve signal quality by maximizing the GSNR through interaction with the gains of the amplifiers in the link. In four scenarios with varying numbers of channels, this approach achieved results close to the evolutionary approach, but with a speed-up of 300 times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outdoor evaluation of solar concentrators based on fluorescent fibers with different dye distributions","authors":"Jon Grandes ,&nbsp;María A. Illarramendi ,&nbsp;Jon Arrue ,&nbsp;Jagoba Barata ,&nbsp;Eneko Arrospide ,&nbsp;Igor Ayesta ,&nbsp;Mikel Azkune ,&nbsp;Joseba Zubia ,&nbsp;Olga García ,&nbsp;Nekane Guarrotxena","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Outdoor measurements of luminescent solar concentrators based on polymer optical fibers that are doped with two organic dyes distributed either uniformly or peripherally in the cross section are reported. The output spectra from both types of doped fibers are compared experimentally and theoretically using a Monte-Carlo computational model. The analysis of parameters of luminescent solar concentrators, such as the external photon efficiency and the concentration factor, serves to test our fiber manufacturing procedure and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of uniform and peripheral dye distributions. Complementary analyses for peripherally doped fibers with optimized characteristics are also included.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase-wise gradual upgrade of EON to SDM-EON in optical backbone network","authors":"Alka Singh,&nbsp;Gitanjali Chandwani Manocha","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elastic optical network (EON) provides flexibility and scalability to cater to dynamic ultra-high bandwidth requirements. The exponentially growing dynamic traffic has motivated researchers to investigate spatial division multiplexing-elastic optical network (SDM-EON), wherein data is transmitted over multiple spatial channels to increase the network capacity. To achieve this, single-core fiber (SCF) links in EON are replaced with multi-core fiber (MCF) links to obtain SDM-EON optical backbone network. However, replacing all the links simultaneously will incur huge capital expenditure (CapEx). In a practical scenario, congested links or links that are more likely to be congested should be upgraded first to maintain the network performance. This calls for a phase-wise gradual upgrade of the network links from SCF to MCF. Gradual upgrades of optical backbone network link(s) from SCF to MCF cause the network to exist in an interim hybrid state with a mix of SCF and MCF links during the transition. Given the high volume of traffic carried by MCF links, the failure of these links in a hybrid network must be addressed, otherwise it would lead to congestion in neighboring links and performance degradation of the network. Though MCF deployment improves network performance in terms of bandwidth blocking probability (BBP), it presents the challenge of degradation in the transmission quality due to an increase in inter-core crosstalk. This work presents a novel two-stage methodology for phase-wise gradual upgrade of the SCF links to the MCF links while maintaining the BBP within a specified bound. Thus, the network upgrade occurs in phases comprising a set of links upgraded from SCF to MCF. In the first stage of the proposed methodology, a graph-theoretic approach based on link betweenness centrality is adopted to select the set of link(s) to be upgraded in the current phase while considering the survivability of upgraded link(s) against single link failure. The second stage of the proposed methodology presents a novel Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio aware Routing, Spectrum, Core, and Modulation Assignment (SINR-aware RSCMA) for the network with all SCF links, a mix of SCF and MCF links, and all MCF links. The next phase of the upgrade is carried out when BBP becomes greater than the specified bound. We have also incorporated cost–benefit analysis and compared our proposed methodology with the three baseline strategies. The simulation results for 7-core MCF demonstrate that upgrading 28.57 % of SCF links in NSF-net leads to a 14.34 % of reduction in BBP, upgrading 26.08 % of SCF links leads to a 15.66 % reduction in BBP in Indian-net, whereas for US-net, upgrading 27.91 % of SCF link leads to 11.21 % reduction in BBP. The number of links upgraded in each phase and the number of phases required to upgrade the network links from SCF to MCF are topology-dependent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for impact localization based on fiber laser Doppler","authors":"Yuxiang Luo ,&nbsp;Shengjie Jiang ,&nbsp;Chao Duan ,&nbsp;Tao Tan ,&nbsp;Yanxi Wu ,&nbsp;Qingzhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Ye Tian ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fiber laser Doppler vibration (LDV) technology was used to address the issues of sensor detachment and resonance with the object being tested in contact localization methods. A four-channel optical fiber LDV impact localization system is constructing to measure the vibration of the impact surface and employs the threshold method to extract the starting time while utilizing the Chan-Taylor algorithm to calculate the impact localization. The accuracy of the system was analyzed through the simulation and experiment, taking into account factors such as system noise, impact velocity, and impact location. It was found that both the deterioration of noise and the increase of impact speed lead to higher localization error. The localization error of the system under low speed (2.5 m/s) and high speed (100 m/s) impacts is less than 2 cm. This technology has high localization accuracy and anti-resonance characteristics, and has huge potential applications in some fields such as aviation to ensure structural health and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grouped passive optical interconnection to achieve large scale and high throughput","authors":"Minghao Yan,&nbsp;Yang Lu,&nbsp;Qihao Ni,&nbsp;Yuqiang Jin,&nbsp;Lida Yu,&nbsp;Wenliang Deng,&nbsp;Yunxin Lv,&nbsp;Meihua Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An array waveguide grating (AWG) based grouped passive optical interconnection (GPOI) is proposed for intra-rack connection in a data center. The wavelength and space channels of the AWG are highly utilized to enlarge the scale and increase the throughput. Each port of the AWG is connected to a group of servers through a combiner/splitter. In GPOI, the interconnect component is an <em>N</em> × <em>N</em> AWG and the available wavelength is <em>N</em> while the number of the severs is increased to <em>N</em>² servers and the throughput will be much increased. Shuffle dual-connection is proposed to improve the throughput reduction from the wavelength-competing collisions. The cost of GPOI is low compared with previously proposals. The proposed GPOI is demonstrated and the signal performance is tested through simulation to show the feasibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-OAM erbium-doped fiber amplifier with low inter-core crosstalk","authors":"Na Yang ,&nbsp;Xuedian Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuejing Liu ,&nbsp;Xiantong Yu ,&nbsp;Lianzhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Zhou ,&nbsp;Min Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A multi-orbital angular momentum (M−OAM) erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) was theoretically investigated. A five-ring-core structure doped with erbium is introduced, designed to offer relatively flat gain throughout the entire C-band and support up to 150 OAM modes, with each ring capable of supporting a set of 30 OAM modes. Numerical simulations suggest that the proposed M−OAM−EDFA can obtain a highly stable gain exceeding 23.8 dB, maintain a differential modal gain (DMG) less than 1.19 dB, and suppress inter-core crosstalk to a low level of below −165.98 dB. This M−OAM amplifier is promise to a new gateway for the development of 6G and greatly improve the spectral efficiency of the network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}