Optical Fiber Technology最新文献

{"title":"Third-order sparse Volterra equalizer based nonlinear suppression method for WDM PDM CO-GFDM systems","authors":"Xi Fang,&nbsp;Lingyu Liu,&nbsp;Yunzhang Wang,&nbsp;He Zhou,&nbsp;Lingxiao Liu,&nbsp;Shun lv","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) has advantages such as low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and high spectral efficiency (SE). These features enable GFDM to be applied in long-haul coherent optical (CO) fiber transmission systems and to be combined with techniques such as polarization-division multiplexing (PDM) and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) to achieve Terabit-level transmission rate. However, the nonlinear effects introduced by long-haul optical fiber transmission evidently degrade the performance of WDM PDM CO-GFDM system. To the best of our knowledge, no existing researches have focused on nonlinear suppression for WDM PDM CO-GFDM system. Meanwhile, it is known that the sparse Volterra model based compensator can achieve similar bit error rate (BER) performance compared with traditional full Volterra compensator while maintaining lower complexity in nonlinear effect compensation. In this paper, we proposed 3rd-order sparse Volterra equalizer (SVE) for WDM PDM CO-GFDM system. We systematically introduced the principle of WDM PDM CO-GFDM system and deducted its nonlinear channel model based on 3rd-order Volterra series. Then we theoretically deduced the principle of sparse Volterra model, the structure of train sequence and the operation of estimating the coefficients of Volterra kernels using recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that, WDM PDM CO-GFDM system possess significantly lower BER compared with WDM PDM CO-OFDM system while achieve evidently higher net bit rate and net SE. Furthermore, for a 16-QAM modulated WDM PDM CO-GFDM simulation system with high data rate (eg. 1.6 Tbit/s sampling rate, 1.39 Tbit/s net bit rate and 138.74 bit/s/Hz net SE), the 3rd-order Volterra model based method improves the maximum transmission distance by approximately 33% compared to the 1st-order Volterra model for WDM PDM CO-GFDM system. Besides, while achieving similar BER performance, the computational complexity of the SVE is significantly decreased compared to the traditional Volterra compensator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supercontinuum generation in bromotrichloromethane-filled core photonic crystal fibers","authors":"Hieu Van Le","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquids have the advantages of a wide transparency window and high nonlinearity, which makes them a good medium for super-continuum (SC) generation. In this work, we designed and numerically investigated for the first time two photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structures with CBrCl₃ as the core and fused silica as the cladding material for broadband SC generation. The propagation of the ultrashort pulse in the proposed fibers is modeled using the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation (GNLSE). The first fiber #F1 with a lattice constant (<em>Λ</em>) of 1.5 μm and filling factor (<em>f</em>) of 0.35, operates with a completely normal dispersion region. By pumping a pulse source with a wavelength of 1.56 μm, an input energy of 2.5 nJ, and a pulse duration of 90 fs in a 10 cm long fiber, an ultra-broadband, and highly coherent SC spectrum is produced, covering the wavelength range from 885.3 nm to 1953.8 nm (bandwidth of 1068.5 nm) with less than 10 dB spectral dynamic range. The second proposed fiber #F2 with a lattice constant of 2.0 μm and a filling factor of 0.3, exhibits an anomalous dispersion for wavelengths longer than 1350 nm. We obtained high coherence of the SC pulses in the range of anomalous dispersion over wavelengths from 912.2 nm to 3714.8 nm (bandwidth of 2802.6 nm) within a level of 45 dB. The pump pulse here has the same wavelength as the first fiber case, but its input energy is only 1.0 nJ. Our proposed fibers open up new avenues for the development of high-brightness SC sources from the near- to mid-IR regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wavelength tunable actively Q-switched random fiber laser based on EOM and SMF and analysis of bright and dark pulse phenomenon","authors":"Honggang Pan,&nbsp;Bin Li,&nbsp;Chunqi Chen,&nbsp;Yichen Li,&nbsp;Rupeng Li,&nbsp;Yukun Zhu,&nbsp;Qingcheng You,&nbsp;Zihong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a wide tunable wavelength range bright-dark pulses actively Q-switched random fiber laser based on electro-optical modulator (EOM) and single mode fiber (SMF) is presented. In the experiment, we used a section of 5 km SMF as random feedback medium to form a theoretical optical resonant cavity with the semi-open cavity. Single wavelength tuning from 1529.87 nm to 1562.56 nm can be achieved by adjusting the tunable bandpass filter (TBF). Setting the modulation frequency of the EOM to 10 kHz and altering the modulating signal waveform of the EOM can realize the switching of bright pulse, dark pulse, and bright-dark pulse pairs. The stability of the structure is measured when the pump’s output power is set to 300 mW, wavelength shift is smaller than 0.36 nm and the power swing is smaller than 2.19 dB. There are multiple uses for the random fiber laser described in this research, including medical imaging and sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the application of composite ring cavity filters for 2 μm single-longitudinal-mode narrow-linewidth fiber laser","authors":"Xinbo Li ,&nbsp;Peng Liu ,&nbsp;Qi Qin ,&nbsp;Ting Feng ,&nbsp;Keke Yang ,&nbsp;Tongtong Guo ,&nbsp;Jingzhao Wu ,&nbsp;Fengze Niu ,&nbsp;Fengping Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the composite ring cavity (CRC) filter plays a crucial role in fiber laser design due to their excellent performance, especially in achieving single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) and narrow-linewidth laser output. The application of CRC filters in 2 μm SLM narrow-linewidth is introduced in this work. The advantages and drawbacks of the CRC filters are analyzed in the process of mode selection when fabricating 2 μm SLM fiber laser. The principles of mode selection, structure design and simulation about the CRC filters are discussed. The CRC filters are classified according to the number of optical couplers (OCs) and sub-ring cavities. Different types of CRC filters currently used are analyzed, and the effects of cavity length, cavity length difference, and coupling ratio on CRC filters parameters, such as transmittance, side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR), effective free spectral range (FSR), and full width at half maxima (FWHM) of the main resonant peak are summarized. Finally, the research works of the CRC filters are summarized and some suggestions for future development of CRC filters are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-wavelength switchable erbium-doped fiber laser based on single mode- tapered multicore- single mode fiber interferometer","authors":"Ju Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Lv ,&nbsp;Wenhua Ren ,&nbsp;Li’ang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaochun Fu ,&nbsp;Guobin Ren ,&nbsp;Xinbo Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we propose and validate a switchable multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on a single mode- tapered multicore- single mode fiber interferometer, utilizing the nonlinear polarization rotation effect to achieve stable output of multi-wavelength lasers. The experimental results demonstrate that by adjusting the polarization controller in the laser structure, the proposed laser is capable of operating stably in single-, dual- and triple-wavelength states with optical signal-to-noise ratios exceeding 54 dB. Additionally, the maximum fluctuations in central wavelength and peak power are 0.05 nm and 1.62 dB, respectively, which demonstrate good stability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the tapered multicore fiber is utilized in the multi-wavelength fiber laser, which provides a novel way for obtaining high-quality fiber lasers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balloon-like micro-displacement sensor based on chaotic correlation fiber loop ring-down system with loss compensation","authors":"Meiling Wang ,&nbsp;Lingzhen Yang ,&nbsp;Juanfen Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Fu ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Chen ,&nbsp;Yuxin Bai ,&nbsp;Mingxiao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We demonstrate the micro-displacement sensing using the balloon-like optical fiber to the chaotic correlation fiber loop ring down system. The balloon-like fiber is made of the bent single-mode fiber stripped of a length of coating layer to the phase difference between the core and cladding mode by the interferometer. We analyzed the displacement sensing characteristics of the balloon-like fiber used as a sensing unit theoretically and experimentally. Due to the large bending curvature of the balloon-like fiber, the loss compensation chaotic correlation fiber loop ring down system is used for sensing. The sensing characteristics of balloon-like fibers of different sizes are compared and the influence of cavity length is studied. The result shows that the balloon-like structure with a total length of 4.5 cm embodies superior sensing performance, and its maximum sensitivity can reach −0.38 μs^-1μm⁻¹ when the cavity length is set as 11.95 m. The balloon-like structure makes up for the shortcomings of the optical fiber loop ring down system in high-sensitivity micro-displacement sensing detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for the design of resilient OTN over DWDM networks","authors":"Jose C. Silva ,&nbsp;Andre V.S. Xavier ,&nbsp;Joaquim F. Martins-Filho ,&nbsp;Carmelo J.A. Bastos-Filho ,&nbsp;Daniel A.R. Chaves ,&nbsp;Arysson S. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Raul C. Almeida Jr. ,&nbsp;Danilo R.B. Araujo ,&nbsp;Jose A. Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical Transport Networks (OTN) arrived in the communications market bringing economic and operational benefits of virtualization. This technology works as a superior layer to the DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) network, allowing more efficient resource usage. OTN approach decouples customers from DWDM interfaces, ensuring that optical links work more efficiently. This concept is carried out at OTN switches, allowing traffic to be aggregated at intermediate nodes and directed to routes that are being underutilized. Planning OTN over optical networks is a complex problem involving a new equipment structure and logical architecture. This problem has arisen due to academia and industry’s interest in developing planning heuristics to reduce the cost of the network. This paper proposes an algorithm to perform OTN network planning to meet the services and their survivability requirements such as restoration and/or protection with the goal of reducing the network cost in terms of the number of OTN interfaces. We propose to use a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to seek a solution that optimizes the project considering two conflicting decision variables: the number of used OTN interfaces and the average number of restored paths in case of double-link failures. The experiments showed that the proposed solution obtained fewer allocated interfaces than previous heuristic algorithms found in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallic TaS2: A newly found transition metal dichalcogenide for Yb-doped mode-locked fiber laser","authors":"Qizheng Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiwan Hu,&nbsp;Xiangxiang Hu,&nbsp;Guohua Zeng,&nbsp;Pengfei He,&nbsp;Lili Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TaS₂ is a kind of novel metallic two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) which has broad spectral response range and fast recovery time, being pretty suitable for the application in ultrafast photonics. So far, the research on the application of TaS₂ in ultrafast photonics is rare. In this work, TaS₂ nanosheets were prepared and further a saturable absorber based on TaS₂/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film was fabricated. It was applied in a Yb-doped fiber laser to generate stable mode-locked pulse signals. At a pump power of 100 mW, the obtained Yb-doped mode-locked fiber laser showed a central wavelength of ∼ 1060 nm, a narrow pulse width of 573.5 ps, a repetition rate of 9.58 MHz and a maximum output power of 1.3 mW. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to report Yb-doped mode-locked fiber laser using TaS₂ as the saturable absorbing material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced resource allocation in elastic optical network using deep learning and optimization process","authors":"Subbulakshmi Easwaran,&nbsp;Mehdi Shadaram","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The elastic optical network offers several advantages in bandwidth allocation compared to traditional fixed-grid optical networks. These advantages stem from their ability to flexibly and efficiently allocate resources, meeting modern communication networks’ dynamic and diverse demands. It is crucial to handle dynamic traffic loads and proactively manage the resources in an elastic optical network with a productive technique. Deep learning is an effective tool for complex data analysis and real-time decision-making. We address a model that integrates two deep neural networks: generative adversarial network (GAN) for data augmentation; and echo state network (ESN) for network’s requirement prediction. Furthermore, an optimization process is carried out for efficient spectrum allocation. The GAN provides a considerable and reliable quantity of data necessary to train the ESN model that could provide the desired output. The ESN model is further enhanced by optimizing the essential parameters, enabling it to learn diverse traffic patterns and anticipate unusual situations. By using a GAN-ESN approach, there is a substantial benefit in reducing latency, saving energy, and optimizing bandwidth allocation. The simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the performance of resource management and achieve a high degree of fairness(95%accuracy) in the evaluation metrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fast MIMO frequency domain equalization for MDM systems","authors":"Shuchao Mi ,&nbsp;Jianyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Baorui Yan ,&nbsp;Muguang Wang ,&nbsp;Guofang Fan ,&nbsp;Peiying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In mode division multiplexing (MDM) systems, mechanical or acoustic disturbances can cause modal coupling changes on timescales as short as tens of microseconds, which requires multi-input multi-output (MIMO) frequency-domain equalization (FDE) be able to adapt quickly. Based on the least mean squares Newton (LMS-Newton) algorithm, the LMS-Newton–Nesterov accelerated gradient (LMS-Newton–Nesterov) algorithm is proposed for six-mode MDM transmission systems. The Nesterov accelerated gradient method accelerates convergence by adding a correction factor, subtracting the momentum term from the loss function to adjust the current direction, and then updating the parameters based on this gradient. Simulation results suggest that the LMS-Newton–Nesterov algorithm converges faster to a lower asymptotic mean-square error (MSE) than the LMS and LMS-Newton algorithms, and the convergence rate would be correspondingly enhanced by 83.3% and 66.7%, respectively. After the LMS-Newton–Nesterov algorithm, the equalized signal is more ideal than the LMS and LMS-Newton algorithm. In six-mode MDM systems with QPSK, the LMS-Newton–Nesterov algorithm outperforms LMS and LMS-Newton algorithms by <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn><mi>d</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn><mi>d</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span> at a symbol error rate (SER) of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, respectively. The research results have guiding significance for improving the performance of MIMO FDE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143695914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}