Optical Fiber Technology最新文献

{"title":"Multi-OAM erbium-doped fiber amplifier with low inter-core crosstalk","authors":"Na Yang ,&nbsp;Xuedian Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuejing Liu ,&nbsp;Xiantong Yu ,&nbsp;Lianzhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Zhou ,&nbsp;Min Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A multi-orbital angular momentum (M−OAM) erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) was theoretically investigated. A five-ring-core structure doped with erbium is introduced, designed to offer relatively flat gain throughout the entire C-band and support up to 150 OAM modes, with each ring capable of supporting a set of 30 OAM modes. Numerical simulations suggest that the proposed M−OAM−EDFA can obtain a highly stable gain exceeding 23.8 dB, maintain a differential modal gain (DMG) less than 1.19 dB, and suppress inter-core crosstalk to a low level of below −165.98 dB. This M−OAM amplifier is promise to a new gateway for the development of 6G and greatly improve the spectral efficiency of the network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of gas volume fraction in gas-liquid two-phase flow using arrayed fiber-optic probes combined with the PSO-BP-AdaBoost algorithm","authors":"Wenju Xing ,&nbsp;Hong Gao ,&nbsp;Xueguang Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the measurement of gas volume fraction in natural gas wells, a strategy based on the fusion of arrayed fiber-optic probes (AFOP) and artificial intelligence algorithms is proposed to enhance the precision and efficiency of gas volume fraction monitoring. As a key front-end component for obtaining gas phase information, AFOP determines the optimal structure by analyzing its performance metrics in bubble capture and its interference with fluid flow. A back-end gas volume fraction prediction model was constructed using a machine learning algorithm. The model first uses a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to enhance the backpropagation (BP) neural network as a weak predictor and then integrates multiple weak predictors through the adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) algorithm to create a strong predictor. The experimental results show that compared with the support vector machine (SVM), BP neural network, and PSO-BP neural network, the PSO-BP-AdaBoost algorithm has advantages in prediction precision, with a maximum relative error of only 0.14 %, providing a more effective solution for research and application in related fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Requested bandwidth adaptive network state based adaptive routing and spectrum allocation algorithms in Elastic Optical Network","authors":"Ruchi Srivastava ,&nbsp;Yatindra Nath Singh ,&nbsp;Varsha Lohani ,&nbsp;Anjali Sharma ,&nbsp;Baljinder Singh Heera","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104243","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The advent of 5G networks has revolutionized communication technology and offers heterogeneous data rates and low latency. Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) have emerged as a critical enabler for the next generation transport network in 5G, offering dynamic and flexible spectrum allocation to support the high-capacity and heterogeneous traffic requirements. EONs leverage advanced technology such as flexible grid architecture to optimize spectrum utilization. The resource management in these networks is assumed to governed by the software defined networking (SDN) controller which executes the Routing, and Spectrum Allocation (RSA) algorithms. The complexity in the RSA arises due to two critical constraints: spectrum contiguity and spectrum continuity. These constraints along with spectrum non-overlapping constraint need to be followed for accommodating dynamic traffic. The spectrum contiguity problem is solved by the proposed Requested Bandwidth aware Adaptive Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RB-ARSA) algorithm, in which only those links of the network topology participate in the path computation which satisfy the spectrum contiguity constraints for the requested bandwidth. While the spectrum continuity constraint can be resolved by using spectrum constraint-sharing path based RSA algorithm simultaneously along with the RB-ARSA algorithm, known as Requested Bandwidth-aware Spectrum Constraints Sharing Path based Adaptive Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RB-SCSP-ARSA) Algorithm. The algorithms presented in this paper leverage network state information that is aware of the requested bandwidth to enhance overall network performance. This paper emphasizes the significance of computationally sophisticated heuristic algorithms in minimizing bandwidth blocking probability (BBP) while facilitating effective resource allocation. To measure the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms following performance metrics are used: BBP, request blocking probability (RBP), accepted load, fractional spectrum utilization, link fragmentation metric, and entropy based fragmentation metric. The main objective of the proposed algorithms are to provide a network state that adjusts according to the requested bandwidth; consequently, the primary performance metric analyzed in this study is BBP, while the other metrics are considered secondary. The K=1 RSA, K=3 RSA, and RSA-WP function as the benchmark algorithms for this analysis. It is important to note that these benchmark algorithms do not consider the spectrum constraints of the links prior to resource provisioning, whereas our proposed algorithms are specifically designed to take these constraints into account. These benchmarks are utilized to assess the performance differences between spectrum constraint-aware versus spectrum constraint-unaware algorithms. K-RSA operate as a network state-unaware algorithms, in contrast to our proposed algorithms, which are network state-aware. Consequently, the K-RSA benchmark","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time implementation of non-integer oversampling timing recovery algorithm incorporating IQ compensation for coherent optical communication systems","authors":"Benyao Zou ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Kaiyang Dong ,&nbsp;Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In coherent optical communication systems, digital signal processing (DSP) plays a critical role in achieving efficient signal recovery and demodulation. The traditional analog-to-digital converter (ADC) must operate at integer oversampling (≥2 samples per symbol, SPS) to support accurate timing recovery algorithms. However, the computational complexity involved in processing individual symbols presents significant challenges in meeting the low-power consumption demands of high-speed optical modules. In this paper, we propose a timing recovery algorithm based on the Modified-Godard algorithm for coherent optical communication systems that can work under non-integer baudrate oversampling, which greatly reduces the complexity of DSP and effectively alleviates the demand for ADC with high oversampling rates. Our algorithm enables simultaneous timing recovery and IQ skew compensation in the frequency domain (FD). In order to ensure the reliability of our DSP algorithms under non-integer baudrate oversampling, we analyze and simulate the impact of the laser frequency offset and IQ skew on the timing recovery algorithm. Finally, the DSP algorithms are further implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip. The experimental results demonstrate that the real-time coherent receiver achieves a minimum received optical power of −35-dBm at the KP4-FEC BER threshold, while reducing the ADC sampling rate by 42.9 % compared to conventional timing recovery schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the integration of SiC saturable absorber in passive Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser: Insights from DFT calculations to laser performance","authors":"T.A. Alrebdi ,&nbsp;Saddam ,&nbsp;Mamoon Asghar ,&nbsp;Tian Si-Cong ,&nbsp;Aamir Khan ,&nbsp;Haroon Asghar","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we explored the use of a saturable absorber (SA) composed of silicon-carbide (SiC) within a passively Q-switched (PQS) erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) based on ring cavity configurations. To investigate the structural and optical properties of SiC, we employed X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV–visible spectroscopy. Additionally, the SiC-SA exhibited a modulation depth of 9.04%, a saturation intensity of 16.83 MW/cm², and non-saturable losses of 27.46%. Incorporating the SiC into the EDFL ring cavity yielded a stable, self-started PQS pulse operation observed at a lower threshold of 22.2 mW. The measured result showed that the laser achieved an emission wavelength of 1562 nm and 1563.1 nm at minimum (22.2 mW) and highest pump power (306.9 mW). Besides, at a maximum pump of 306.9 mW, repetition rate (RR), pulse width (PW), and output power of 96.62 kHz, 5.2 µs, and 3.1 mW were achieved, respectively. We also investigated the stability in terms of the output power of the Q-switched (QS) pulse operation at a pump power of 45.7 mW over nearly five hours, demonstrating stable output, indicating optimum stability of EDFL using SiC-SA. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) were performed to investigate the optical properties and band structure of carbon-rich SiC. These results highlight the viability of SiC in pulsed laser technology and opening up new possibilities for its application in pulse laser technology and ultrafast photonics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The calculation of soliton pulses entanglement in optical fiber using field discretization and Schmidt decomposition","authors":"Yulia A. Mazhirina,&nbsp;Mikhail V. Fedorov,&nbsp;Leonid A. Kochkurov,&nbsp;Leonid A. Melnikov","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To calculate the entanglement parameter of two light soliton pulses in the optical fiber, the use of a discrete representation of the classical part of the field is proposed. It is shown that two soliton pulses in optical fiber, which were produced as a result of the fission of two-soliton breather in the fiber with periodic dispersion, are entangled, the entangled parameter is Schmidt information, calculated for a system with continuous variables. It has been shown that entanglement is preserved during the propagation of a pair of the pulses in an optical fiber at large distance, about 100000 dispersion lengths. Schmidt information is calculated for different propagation regimes of two soliton pulses in a fiber depending on the pulse parameters: amplitudes, frequency shifts, phase and time shifts of maxima.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current and magnetic field sensor based upon Mach-Zehnder interferometer fabricated by tapered dispersion compensated fiber","authors":"Ling Gao,&nbsp;Chao Jiang,&nbsp;Rui Li,&nbsp;Cheng Peng,&nbsp;Qun Zhang,&nbsp;Peiji Liang,&nbsp;Xiaoshan Guo,&nbsp;Simei Sun,&nbsp;Huiling Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article proposes a compact fiber optic current and magnetic field (MF) sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). MZI is made by fusion splicing single-mode fiber (SMF) − tapered dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) − SMF in sequence. We used this method to fabricate two structurally similar MZI₁ and MZI₂, and then MZI₁ and MZI₂ are fixed on copper rod and Terfenol-D rod respectively for current and MF measurements. The principle of multi-beam interference generated by tapered DCF results in significant spectral drift in MZI transmission spectrum due to environmental changes. Among them, the temperature change caused by the current variation leads to a significant shift in the dip wavelength of MZI₁, and the demodulation wavelength drift indirectly achieves the measurement of direct current (DC) current. The current square sensitivity of MZI₁ obtained from the experiment reached −67.3 pm/A² in the range 0 A to 9 A, with a fitting coefficient of 0.9909. Additionally, Terfenol-D rod is a magnetostrictive material that undergoes stretching under the action of MF, resulting in a change in the length of MZI₂ and a dip wavelength shift of MZI₂. The MF measurement is indirectly achieved by demodulating the dip wavelength shift of MZI_2. The sensitivity of MZI₂ to MF in the range of 15 mT to 60 mT was experimentally obtained to be −121.6 pm/mT, with a fitting coefficient of 0.9977. The proposed sensor also exhibits good measurement repeatability and stability. At the same time, the designed sensor is fixed on copper rod or Terfenol-D rod, with a sturdy and stable structure and robustness. Therefore, the proposed sensor has application prospect in precision measurement fields such as current and MF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-noise 1053 nm DBR single longitudinal mode fiber laser with 1.3 nm mode-hop-free tuning range","authors":"Xiaobing Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Pan ,&nbsp;Yongjian Pan ,&nbsp;Jiasheng Jin ,&nbsp;Xiumei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a single longitudinal mode fiber laser with a wide mode-hop-free tuning range. By adopting a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure and optimizing the cavity length and packaging stress, a mode-hop-free tuning range of 1.37 nm is achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest mode-hop-free tuning range reported for DBR single longitudinal mode fiber lasers. The relative intensity noise (RIN) of the laser was suppressed to near the shot noise limit through a semiconductor optical amplifier, with power fluctuations confined to 0.18 % over 2 h. This low-noise, widely tunable 1053 nm DBR laser demonstrates significant potential for applications in precision spectroscopy and related fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundant soliton states based on Ta2AlC saturable absorber in all-fiber laser","authors":"Yu Wei ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Kaixin Li ,&nbsp;Shixian Sun ,&nbsp;Weijie Xu ,&nbsp;Jiale Wu ,&nbsp;Yingfei Zhao ,&nbsp;Guomei Wang ,&nbsp;Wenfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Caixun Bai ,&nbsp;Cheng Lu ,&nbsp;Nannan Xu ,&nbsp;Huanian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The saturation absorption characteristics of layered ternary transition metal carbide Ta₂AlC were investigated in this study. The passive mode-locking erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) was fabricated using Ta₂AlC saturable absorber (SA), which was prepared by depositing nanosheets on a tapered fiber. A conventional soliton (CS) with a repetition frequency of 5.25 MHz and a 3 dB bandwidth of 2.59 nm was obtained at pump powers ranging from 409 mW to 599 mW. At a pump power of 466 mW, third-order, fourth-order and fifth-order harmonic mode-locking (HML) were observed. The fifth-order HML exhibited a repetition frequency of 26.1 MHz, while the Six-pulse and Seven-pulse phenomena were observed to be stable. In addition, bound state solitons with a modulation period of 0.58 nm were obtained at a pump power of 447 mW. In this paper, Ta₂AlC generated an abundance of soliton states, which held significant implications for ultra-fast laser pulses and optical communications. It is evident that Ta₂AlC has excellent nonlinear optical characteristics, thereby offering remarkable performance and application prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large dynamic range dual FBG accelerometer for low-frequency vibration detection","authors":"Bingbing Zhang,&nbsp;Tigang Ning,&nbsp;Jingjing Zhen,&nbsp;Jing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency vibration waves has wide-ranging applications in structural health monitoring, seismic engineering, environmental vibration control, mechanical equipment maintenance, and geological disaster monitoring. This study presents a large dynamic dual-FBG(Fiber Bragg Grating) accelerometer designed for detecting vibration waves. Initially, the mechanical properties of the sensor are theoretically derived. Subsequently, simulation software is utilized to analyze its dynamic characteristics, verifying the theoretical derivations and providing simulation data to support physical fabrication and experimental testing. Following this, physical prototypes are constructed, and a testing platform is established to calibrate various performance metrics of the sensor, followed by an analysis of the test data. The findings show that the developed sensor can capture vibration waves between 0.05 and 30 Hz, with detection acceleration as low as 0.0005 g at the 0.05 Hz frequency point and a dynamic range of 77.61 dB. This ability to detect low acceleration in the low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency bands is expected to address the existing gap in low-frequency micro-vibration monitoring using FBG sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}