Optical Fiber Technology最新文献_第10页

A breathing rate sensor with diaphragm-based Fabry-Perot interferometer

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104098

Chuanzheng Jia , Zhihao Chen , Xueliang Lin , Huicheng Yang , Xianzeng Zhang

引用次数: 0

Online optimization of bidirectional amplifiers in long-haul fiber-optic time transfer systems based on improved genetic algorithm

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104102

Bo Liu , Xinxing Guo , Tao Liu , Ruifang Dong , Shougang Zhang

{"title":"Online optimization of bidirectional amplifiers in long-haul fiber-optic time transfer systems based on improved genetic algorithm","authors":"Bo Liu , Xinxing Guo , Tao Liu , Ruifang Dong , Shougang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bidirectional erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (Bi-EDFAs) are widely adopted in long-haul fiber-optic time transfer systems to compensate for the optical loss in the fiber links. The optical gains of the Bi-EDFAs should be elaborately optimized as they will induce unwanted noises at the same time, resulting in significant deterioration of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In the practical long-distance fiber links with multiple Bi-EDFAs involved, the online optimization of the optical gains for the best SNR becomes a hard task. In this paper, we proposed a novel method of optimizing the optical gains of the working Bi-EDFAs in the fiber link by using an improved genetic algorithm, which can achieve an equivalent SNR result to that with the idealized solution based on the enumerative method meanwhile with the calculation time no long increases exponentially with the increased number of Bi-EDFAs. This method was further verified experimentally on 276 and 439 km-long coiled fiber links, in which three and five Bi-EDFAs were respectively incorporated. For both cases, the achieved SNRs showed more than 15 dB improvement compared with the original strategy of fixing the optical gains. Furthermore, compared with the results based on the idealized enumerative method, the SNRs were only 2 dB lower, while the iteration time was shortened by three orders of magnitude.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of suppressing ASE in all-fiber TDFA by modulating MI from seed and realization of a 2043 nm, 45 dB, 1 mJ amplifier with single-stage structure

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104103

Junjie Ren , Yunfeng Qi , Zhenxing He , Ting Yu , Xisheng Ye

{"title":"Investigation of suppressing ASE in all-fiber TDFA by modulating MI from seed and realization of a 2043 nm, 45 dB, 1 mJ amplifier with single-stage structure","authors":"Junjie Ren , Yunfeng Qi , Zhenxing He , Ting Yu , Xisheng Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As one of the most critical applications, high peak power, all-fiberized nanosecond Tm-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFA) are extensively used as the pump source for ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> optical parametric oscillator (ZGP-OPO) system due to their compact structure and flexibility. However, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and modulation instability (MI) are the main constraints on the power scaling of nanosecond TDFAs. In this work, a method of modulating the content of the MI from the seed is proposed to suppress the ASE in the 2043 nm amplifier. Experimental observations indicate that with consistent MI noise content in the seed spectrum, an increase in the seed laser power correlates with stronger ASE in the amplifier. To address this, reducing the fiber link length before the main amplifier is conducted to enhance the spectral purity of the seed laser rather than its power, thereby effectively mitigating ASE and MI in the amplifier. The authors simplified and designed a single-stage amplification configuration that employs a high spectral purity seed laser to verify this approach. The single-stage 2043 nm amplifier achieved pulsed output with 186 ns pulse width and 1 mJ energy at a 50 kHz repetition rate. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is more than 45 dB. Compared to the two-stage amplifier with higher seed laser power, the single-stage amplifier exhibits a similar slope efficiency, and shows an improvement of 3 dB in the signal-to-ASE noise ratio (SANR) and 10 dB in the signal-to-MI noise ratio (SMNR) at maximum output. This novel ASE suppression approach potentially facilitates the achievement of high energy and SNR output in nanosecond TDFAs using a compact all-fiber configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pressure-typed flowmeter based on Ʊ-typed few-mode fiber with temperature self-correction

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104100

Shi-Jun Li , Ling-Xin Kong , Hao Sun , Hu Liang , Kui-Hua Ding , Zhou-Xiang Wang , Yuan Xu

{"title":"Pressure-typed flowmeter based on Ʊ-typed few-mode fiber with temperature self-correction","authors":"Shi-Jun Li , Ling-Xin Kong , Hao Sun , Hu Liang , Kui-Hua Ding , Zhou-Xiang Wang , Yuan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, an optical fiber sensor with flexible skin is introduced for measuring liquid velocity and temperature. The sensor is composed of polyurethane membrane and Ʊ-typed few-mode fiber (FMF). By converting the change in liquid velocity into the pressure change borne by the polyurethane diaphragm, the interference spectrum shifts due to micro deformation of the Ʊ-typed FMF. The research results indicate that the sensitivity of the liquid velocity sensor is 0.545 nm/(m/s). At the same time, we proposed a temperature self-decoupling scheme, and solved the cross-sensitivity problem by discussing the influence of temperature on the double interference dips. The temperature measurement compensation accuracy can reach0.348 nm/°C。Finally, we conducted experiments by placing the sensor in an actual pipeline, and the results showed that the sensor has excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. This work is beneficial for exploring compact and high-sensitivity fiber optic flow velocity detection methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced tunability of a multiwavelength Brillouin-Erbium laser using cascaded photonic crystal and large effective area fibers

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104093

A.M. Ramzia Salem , R. Ramli , M.T. Alresheedi , N.H. Zainol Abidin , E.K. Ng , M.A. Mahdi

引用次数: 0

Elimination of temperature cross-sensitivity in torsion and curvature measurements based on arc-induced long period fiber gratings

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104099

Xiao Han, Liang Shang, Sujuan Feng, Guangqiang Liu

{"title":"Elimination of temperature cross-sensitivity in torsion and curvature measurements based on arc-induced long period fiber gratings","authors":"Xiao Han, Liang Shang, Sujuan Feng, Guangqiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We demonstrate a long period fiber grating (LPFG) with two prominent resonant dips for eliminating the temperature cross-sensitivity in torsion and curvature measurements. The versatile LPFG is fabricated on a conventional single mode fiber (SMF) using the arc discharge method. Due to the resonant coupling between the core mode and antisymmetric cladding modes, the transmission spectrum shows the polarization dependence, which is proved to be useful in improving the sensing performances. The different torsion sensitivities and similar temperature sensitivities for the resonant wavelengths of both dips indicate that the LPFG has the ability of temperature-independent torsion sensing. By optimizing the state of polarization (SOP), a torsion sensitivity of 0.104 nm/(rad/m) can be achieved with the discrimination of twist direction. Notably, the influence of temperature on the resonant contrast for the dip with a higher contrast can be negligible. Thus, its contrast variation is merely determined by curvature, meaning that the LPFG is intrinsically suitable for temperature-independent curvature sensing. The curvature sensitivity can be up to about 55 dB/m<sup>−1</sup> by adjusting the SOP. The demonstrations show that our fabricated LPFG can realize the elimination of cross-sensitivity induced by temperature in both torsion and curvature measurements. Additionally, the SMF-based LPFG has the advantages of low fabrication difficulty and cost, providing a simple and economic way for temperature-independent sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104099"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine learning opportunities for integrated polarization sensing and communication in optical fibers

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104047

Andrej Rode , Mohammad Farsi , Vincent Lauinger , Magnus Karlsson , Erik Agrell , Laurent Schmalen , Christian Häger

{"title":"Machine learning opportunities for integrated polarization sensing and communication in optical fibers","authors":"Andrej Rode , Mohammad Farsi , Vincent Lauinger , Magnus Karlsson , Erik Agrell , Laurent Schmalen , Christian Häger","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the bedrock of the Internet, optical fibers are ubiquitously deployed and historically dedicated to ensuring robust data transmission. Leveraging their extensive installation, recent endeavors have focused on utilizing these telecommunication fibers also for environmental sensing, exploiting their inherent sensitivity to various environmental disturbances. In this paper, we consider integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems that combine data transmission and sensing functionalities, by monitoring the state of polarization to detect environmental changes. In particular, we investigate various machine learning techniques to enhance the performance and capabilities of such polarization-based ISAC systems. Gradient-based techniques such as adaptive zero-forcing equalization are examined for their potential to enhance sensing accuracy at the expense of communication performance, with strategies discussed for mitigating this trade-off. Additionally, the paper reviews novel machine-learning-based approaches for blind channel estimation using variational autoencoders, aimed at improving channel estimates compared to traditional adaptive equalization methods. We also discuss the problem of distributed polarization sensing and review a recent physics-based learning approach for Jones matrix factorization, potentially enabling spatial resolution of sensed events. Lastly, we discuss the potential of leveraging dual-functional autoencoders to optimize ISAC transmitters and the corresponding transmit waveforms. Our paper underscores the potential of telecom fibers for joint data transmission and environmental sensing, facilitated by advancements in digital signal processing and machine learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cobalt coated optical fiber in distributed optical fiber sensing for effective tracking and monitoring of magnetic nanoparticles in the reservoir

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104085

Mohamad Hafizal Mad Zahir , Suzalina Zainal , Chean Lin Lew , Ridhwan Zhafri Kamarul Bahrim , Abdul Halim Abdul Latiff , Hairul Azhar Abdul Rashid

{"title":"Cobalt coated optical fiber in distributed optical fiber sensing for effective tracking and monitoring of magnetic nanoparticles in the reservoir","authors":"Mohamad Hafizal Mad Zahir , Suzalina Zainal , Chean Lin Lew , Ridhwan Zhafri Kamarul Bahrim , Abdul Halim Abdul Latiff , Hairul Azhar Abdul Rashid","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhanced and Improved Oil Recovery (EOR/IOR) projects critically depend on effective tracking and monitoring of fluid mobility in the reservoir for optimal operation. Traditional fluid tracking methods often struggle with low spatial resolution and fail to accurately monitor low-contrast fluids in complex reservoirs, leading to gaps in understanding fluid movement. This paper introduces an innovative subsurface monitoring approach for EOR/IOR that leverages magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) combined with a cobalt-coated fiber optic (CoF) sensing system installed along the borehole. The CoF system is optimized for high magnetic sensitivity (10<sup>-5</sup> T) and sub-meter spatial resolution, enabling precise detection of MNP movements within the reservoir. Our research includes a sensitivity analysis that identifies the ideal magnetic permeability (μ between 10 and 100) for effective MNP injection and laboratory-scale experiments in a sand column setup to validate magnetic modeling. The CoF sensors demonstrated a 30 % improvement in magnetic field sensitivity compared to nickel-coated fibers, while effectively distinguishing between magnetic field changes and minor temperature variations, with a tolerance threshold of ± 2°C. The results show that CoF sensors can reliably track MNPs, map fluid flow along the borehole, and provide continuous, real-time data on fluid dynamics. Additionally, the study addresses the impact of temperature fluctuations on sensor performance and proposes mitigation strategies. These findings suggest that this novel approach significantly enhances the accuracy and reliability of EOR/IOR monitoring, leading to improved reservoir management, operational efficiency, and oil recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

32 GBaud PDM coherent transmission over 8000 km based on recirculating optical fiber loop controller

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104097

Hao Guo , Xuemei Du , Fengping Yan , Wenhua Ren , Ting Li , Guangbo Li , Xiangdong Wang , Dandan Yang , Haoyu Tan , Qi Qin , Zhenyu Gu , Yuezhi Cai , Wenjie Ji , Ting Feng , Huan Chang

引用次数: 0

Preparation and performance study of a Tm3+-doped silicate heterogeneous helical cladding large mode area fiber

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104104

Xiao Shen , Yingying Li , Liaolin Zhang , Tao Yang , Leilei Liu

{"title":"Preparation and performance study of a Tm3+-doped silicate heterogeneous helical cladding large mode area fiber","authors":"Xiao Shen , Yingying Li , Liaolin Zhang , Tao Yang , Leilei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tm<sup>3+</sup>-doped fiber lasers are widely used in industrial manufacturing, medical treatment and national defense fields et al. In this work, a Tm<sup>3+</sup>-doped silicate glass large mode area fiber with heterogeneous helical claddings was fabricated for the first time, including glass preparation, fiber preparation and testing, etc. Refractive index of the core, inner cladding 1 (and outer cladding) and inner cladding 2 are 1.51826, 1.51745 and 1.51838 respectively. The difference of <em>T</em><sub>g</sub> (<em>T</em><sub>s</sub> or <em>α</em><sub>20-300</sub>) between core and cladding glass is very small and meets the requirements of fiber drawing. The structure parameters of the prepared fiber are as follows: the core diameter is 60 μm, the outer cladding diameter is 298.29 μm, the helix pitch is 25 mm and the central angle of cladding 2 is 15.66°. The mode transmission characteristics of the fiber was tested, and the output spot of the fiber was close to a single-mode state, which is basically consistent with theoretical design results. The loss and net gain coefficients of the fiber are 2.88 dB/m and 0.366 dB/m, respectively. The loss coefficient is high, the reasons and improvement methods have been provided. The relevant exploration is conducive to promoting the further application of this new type of optical fiber.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0