Optical Fiber Technology最新文献

{"title":"Spectrum, beam quality and temporal stability of a diode pumped GRIN fiber Raman laser","authors":"Haotuo Shen ,&nbsp;Huawei Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Xuezong Yang ,&nbsp;Yan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The output performance of an all-fiber diode pumped graded-index fiber Raman laser at 974 nm is investigated experimentally in detail. The laser is formed with kilometer length of 62.5/125 μm multimode fiber and a pair of fiber Bragg gratings inscribed in the same fiber. A maximum output power of 23.5 W is demonstrated, with a slope efficiency of 48.1 %. Beam cleaning from multimode diode pump at 940 nm (M² ∼ 23) to Raman laser output at 974 nm (M² ∼ 2) is observed. The output spectra exhibit multiple peaks, which are corresponded to different transverse mode groups. A direct link between spectrum and beam quality can then be established. The laser is temporally stable in first order Raman operation but becomes noisy and then fluctuates periodically after the emergence of the second order Raman Stokes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A FBG tactile sensor with rolling ball device for surface feature measurement and recognition","authors":"Yong Hu,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Chunyang Cheng,&nbsp;Chen Wang,&nbsp;Fengqi Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Touch is essential for acquiring surface characteristics, but material variations and environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity can affect surface friction, complicating texture recognition. This study proposes a rolling ball-type Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) tactile sensor, which leverages FBG’s high sensitivity and electromagnetic interference resistance to detect textures through rolling, thereby minimizing friction-induced interference. Static calibration tests showed the sensor’s average sensitivity to be 20.8 pm/N (loading) and 20.5 pm/N (unloading), both with a linearity of 0.998, and low repeatability and hysteresis errors of 1.6 % and 1.1 %, respectively. The sensor was evaluated with concave-convex textures of 1.5 mm depth and spacings of 2, 3, and 4 mm, demonstrating that texture parameters could be accurately calculated with errors less than 0.1 mm across different conditions. Signal amplitude correlated with texture spacing when the contact force was consistent. A Back Propagation (BP) classification algorithm achieved 100 % accuracy at speeds of 5, 10, and 15 mm/s, with an overall accuracy of 98.52 %. This sensor provides valuable insights for advanced tactile perception in robotic fingertips.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guiding mechanism with superconductor property in metamaterial cladding fiber configuration","authors":"P. Mahalakshmi ,&nbsp;Jacob Wekalao ,&nbsp;M. Ramkumar Raja ,&nbsp;P. Ashok","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, use of superconductors especially, high temperature superconductors are of interest due to the underlying physics and cost effective cooling procedures. This leads to the development in ultrafast networks and systems of future generation. A novel optical fiber with metamaterials cladding composed of a high temperature superconductor (i.e.,) Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) and dielectric substrate is employed in the proposed structure and intended to be operated in the terahertz frequency range of 0.3–1 THz. Structure is analysed with different core composition and cladding material temperature of 20 K, 80 K and 100 K. The performance of the proposed structure is investigated in terms of mode distribution, effective mode index, loss profile, power fraction in core along with the dispersion characteristics. The proposed structure achieved better results in confinement of mode and low dispersive nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of transmission assured joint RMLSA for elastic optical networks","authors":"M. Jyothi Kiran ,&nbsp;Venkatesh Chebolu ,&nbsp;Goutam Das ,&nbsp;Raja Datta","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) presents a significant challenge in the elastic optical networks (EONs). Integrating adaptive modulation formats into the RSA problem, i.e. routing, modulation level and spectrum assignment (RMLSA), increases allocation options heightening complexity. The conventional RSA approach involves pre-determining a fixed number of paths and subsequently allocating spectrum within them separately. However, expansion of path set for optimality may not be advisable due to the substantial increase in paths with network size expansion. This paper explores a novel RMLSA, proposing a comprehensive solution addressing route determination and spectrum assignment concurrently. Finding an optimal solution for dynamic traffic is not feasible due to the unknown future connections. However, allocating resources with better utilization and lower average fragmentation enhances the likelihood of successfully accommodating future connections. So, an objective function has been chosen and designated as ABACUS, adaptive balance of average clustering and utilization of spectrum. This nomenclature highlights the objective function’s capability to adjust and assign significance to ”average clustering” (lower fragmentation) and ”spectrum utilization”. Our approach involves formulating an integer linear programming (ILP) model with a simple relationship between path and spectrum constraints. The model also integrates physical layer impairments (PLIs) to guarantee end-to-end quality of transmission (QoT) for requested connections while upholding existing ones. Towards this goal, we adopted a structured formulation approach where essential information is determined beforehand, minimizing the need for online computations. The simulation results indicate that this approach reduces the spectrum resource utilization while improving network’s average fragmentation which contributed to a lower bandwidth blocking probability across all arrival rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streamlining network operations of a gram panchayat, Indore India: A traffic offloading approach with tunicate swarm optimization algorithm","authors":"Mausmi Verma ,&nbsp;Uma Rathore Bhatt ,&nbsp;Raksha Upadhyay ,&nbsp;Vijay Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this digital era, access networks play a very crucial role in connecting users across diverse geographical regions, each with its challenges. Thus, during the deployment of access networks, utilizing network resources effectively and planning meticulously are essential to ensuring minimal waste and optimal infrastructure utilization. In the context of a fiber wireless (FiWi) access network, the proposed work examines various network parameters. Within FiWi network architecture, each network component has its own function to do, and among them optical network unit (ONU) is crucial to the network. It plays a very important role, as it works as a bridge between fiber and wireless access networks. Since the traffic handling resources of the ONU are limited, thus while transferring traffic, there are chances of bottleneck near ONUs. This may result in increased network delay along with inefficient resource utilization of ONUs, as some might get overloaded and some might be underloaded. Thus, the paper addresses the issue of overloaded ONUs by proposing a solution involving traffic offloading to underloaded ONUs via wireless connections. Offloading ensures effective resource utilization (RU) and improves the packet delivery ratio (PDR), along with lesser blocking probability (BP), but may suffer from increased network traffic delay. Hence, to address this issue, the proposed method uses the tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA) to reduce traffic offloading delay and the total traffic delay experienced by the traffic in the network. Redistributing traffic optimizes network resources, resulting in an enhanced user experience and cost-effective scalability in the face of rising wireless connectivity demands in various geographical regions. Thus, the proposed approach which relies on optimization for offloading is compared with before offloading and after offloading (without optimization) shows improvement in network performance parameters. Traffic offloading delay and total traffic delay lowers by approx. 25 % in comparison to without TSA optimization. RU and PDR improves by approx. 6 % and BP shows 25 % reduction in comparison to without traffic offloading. A practical scenario for a gram panchayat (GP) is also considered to check the effectiveness of the proposed work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ultra-sensitive and compact refractive index sensor based on intense cladding-modulation","authors":"Jun Gao,&nbsp;Wenjie Yang,&nbsp;Xuanting Liu,&nbsp;Chunbo Su,&nbsp;Shengjia Wang,&nbsp;Tao Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an ultrasensitive and compact refractive index sensor based on an intensely cladding-modulation long-period fiber grating (ICM-LPFG), fabricated solely by periodic symmetric deep D-shaped grooves on both sides of a single-mode fiber using a CO₂ laser. The sensor demonstrates ultrahigh sensitivity up to 6358.96 nm/RIU within the refractive index range of 1.3858–1.4270, features a low temperature sensitivity of 50.92 pm/°C, possesses a minimal sensing length of merely 2.06 mm, and exhibits a low temperature cross-sensitivity of only 8.01 × 10^-6 RIU/℃. This sensor offers significant advantages in fabrication simplicity, structural compactness, and low-temperature cross-sensitivity. To our knowledge, it achieves ultrahigh sensitivity among reported all-fiber LPFG-based RI sensors requiring neither expensive equipment nor specialized processes. It demonstrates promising potential for applications in biochemical and environmental monitoring fields demanding miniaturization and cost-effective solutions under complex environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly sensitive fiber-optic direct current electric field sensor using Michelson interferometry and constant strain cantilever beam","authors":"Houren Pan ,&nbsp;Wenlin Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaozhan Yang ,&nbsp;Xiangzhi Liu ,&nbsp;Zhixian Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaopan Mu ,&nbsp;Hongchao Lan ,&nbsp;Taiming Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A fiber-optic direct current (DC) electric field sensor based on a Michelson interferometer and a constant-strain cantilever beam is proposed and fabricated. It addresses the limitations of DC electric field sensor, including low sensitivity, slow response, electromagnetic interference, and temperature sensitivity. The sensor’s structural design is optimized through both theoretical simulations and experimental analysis. Under the DC electric field, the metal hemispheres within the sensor experience electrostatic forces, resulting in bending and deformation of the cantilever beam and optical fiber. This deformation leads to fluctuations in light intensity loss. By analyzing the intensity variations in the interferometric spectrum, the DC electric field strength is determined. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed sensor accurately measures DC electric field strengths ranging from 0.4 to 1 kV/mm. The output optical intensity exhibits a linear dependence on the DC electric field intensity, with a high fitting degree of 0.99501 and a sensitivity of 18.41365 dBm/(kV/mm). The sensor exhibits excellent stability and repeatability, addressing the challenges associated with signal demodulation. Moreover, this work provides a robust solution for DC electric field monitoring in high-voltage infrastructure and electrostatic-sensitive environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-functional hydrogel optical fiber for monitoring glucose and pH","authors":"Zhenglan Bian,&nbsp;Siwen Cai,&nbsp;Fenghong Chu,&nbsp;Anduo Hu,&nbsp;Shumin Peng,&nbsp;Jiaxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents a dual-functional hydrogel optical fiber sensing probe capable of simultaneously detecting glucose and pH. The core and cladding of the hydrogel optical fiber were prepared using 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone as a photoinitiator, along with different concentrations of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA). The core was doped with the fluorescent indicator o-phenanthroline ruthenium and glucose oxidase (GOD) for glucose detection, and with the fluorescent indicator 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (5(6)-FMA) for pH measurement. For glucose detection, the probe demonstrated a linear response range of 0.6–2.2 mg/mL, with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.99616 and a response time of 12 min. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1 mg/mL. For pH detection, the probe exhibited a detection range of 4.5–8.0. Within the pH range of 5.5–7.5, the correlation coefficient (R²) was 0.99071, and the response time was 24 min. The LOD was 0.23 pH units. The probe exhibited excellent repeatability and reversibility. Its ion-permeable and biocompatible properties make it clinically significant for the simultaneous monitoring of glucose and pH in the blood of diabetic patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interferometric optical fiber sensor for simultaneous humidity and temperature measurement based on PVA/PAA hydrogel coating","authors":"Yongjin Chen,&nbsp;Jiahui Fu,&nbsp;Peng Huang,&nbsp;Shujia Ding,&nbsp;Zhongchao Wei,&nbsp;Chunhua Tan,&nbsp;Faqiang Wang,&nbsp;Hongyun Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a SCTCS symmetric structure interferometric fiber sensor coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyacrylic acid (PAA) composite hydrogel for simultaneous measurement of humidity and temperature. The sensor consists of a single-mode fiber (SMF), a coreless fiber (CLF), a thin core fiber (TCF), CLF and SMF sequentially spliced to form the SMF + CLF + TCF + CLF + SMF (SCTCS) structure. The surface of sensor was uniformly coated with PVA/PAA hydrogel and when the hydrogel came into contact with water molecules in the air it changed the effective refractive index of the fiber cladding. And the wavelength of the resonance valley shifts as the phase difference of the sensor changes, which is also related to variations in the relative humidity of the environment. The experimental results reveal that the sensor exhibits good regularity in response to the measured physical quantity. The sensitivities were 0.302 nm/%RH and 0.064 nm/°C in the ranges of 30 %RH to 60 %RH and 30 °C to 70 °C, respectively, both showing excellent linearity. Sensor repeatability performance measurements showed a maximum error rate of 0.161 % for RH and 0.05 % for temperature, and stability standard deviations 0.0587 nm and 0.0497 nm for RH and temperature, respectively, which demonstrated good overall performance. In this study, PVA/PAA composite hydrogel was firstly applied to the humidity measurement of transmission all-fiber-optic sensor, achieving good and stable linear sensitivity in the measurement of RH and temperature with lower fabrication difficulty and better compactness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144569868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-sensitivity optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on magnetostrictive effect","authors":"XinYue Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Hua Dong ,&nbsp;Ming Jia ,&nbsp;Zhuo Lu Ou ,&nbsp;Shao Yi Gu ,&nbsp;Liang Rong ,&nbsp;Xiao Bei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a high-sensitivity sensor integrated within a Michelson interferometer. Due to the low-loss and bending-insensitive characteristics of the thin-diameter single-mode optical fiber, it is coiled around a Terfenol-D rod to construct the sensing unit, enabling magnetostrictive strain of the rod converting into optical fiber phase shifts directly. As the length of the optical fiber in the sensing unit increases, the effective length affected by magnetostriction also extends, resulting in a larger phase difference and consequently enhanced magnetic field sensitivity. Simultaneously, the increased fiber-length applies greater pressure on the Terfenol-D rod, enhancing its prestress. The prestress mitigates magnetic hysteresis effect and minimizes the nonlinear response of the rod, thereby improving the linearity of the sensor. The highest sensitivity reaches 123 mrad/μT at 500 Hz for a fiber length of 300 m, with an AC magnetic field phase resolution of 121 pT/Hz^1/2. The sensor demonstrates high sensitivity, excellent linearity, and a simple structure, making it well-suited for detecting weak-magnetic targets and remote sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}