Optical Fiber Technology最新文献

{"title":"Low-overhead joint pre-distortion and QDA equalization scheme in 100-Gb/s PAM4 signals IM/DD-based system","authors":"Yingxue Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangmin Fang ,&nbsp;Meihua Bi ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Huiyan Wu ,&nbsp;Miao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a low overhead joint look-up table (LUT) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) scheme is firstly presented to realize the compensation of inter-symbol interference (ISI) in the high-speed short-range intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) system. Here, the LUT is employed to mitigate the signal distortion by generating pre-distorted signals, and the QDA is utilized to equalize the received signals that without requiring the extra complex optimization algorithm. A 100-Gb/s 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) IM/DD simulation transmission system is established to verify the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. The results show that the proposed LUT-QDA reduces the training sequence length by 76% and the number of taps by 63% compared to Volterra, and outperforms the Volterra and QDA by almost 1.3 dBm and 1.5 dBm at 20 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 104182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of EDFA response modeling in the optical network QoT estimation","authors":"Allan A.B. Silva ,&nbsp;Erick A. Barboza ,&nbsp;Felipe C.N.O. Lima ,&nbsp;Joaquim F. Martins-Filho ,&nbsp;Marcionilo J. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating the quality of transmission (QoT) in optical networks is a key metric for planning, managing, and optimizing networks. QoT estimation depends on good modeling of the internal components of the optical link to accurately simulate transmission and consequent signal degradation. The amplifier is a source of noise and signal distortion; therefore, amplifier modeling plays a crucial role in QoT estimation. We present an evaluation of the impact of different amplifier models on the estimation of QoT in optical networks. We based our simulation on GNPy, a QoT estimator widely used to simulate and optimize the design of optical networks. Our main contributions are: (1) a new version of the GNPY in which the amplifier can be modeled using a power mask; (2) a benchmark considering the advanced GNPy amplifier model and power mask as estimators considering a numeric simulator and real-world amplifier data; and (3) an analysis of the impacts in the network QoT for each amplifier model. The results show that, considering a single link scenario, the absolute maximum error of the Power Mask Model is 2.85 dB in relation to the benchmark, whereas the Advanced Model presented a maximum error of 4.61 dB. In the network scenario, the result shows that the Advanced Model tends to deliver more optimistic and flat estimates even in cases of high tilt, whereas the Power Mask Model is more sensitive to transmission noise in these cases, estimating lower GSNR and transmission rates, including several cases of connection blocking. The findings of this study may be useful to optical network researchers and operators who want to have more flexible network management and optimization through simulations and software-controlled networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 104177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization for submarine optical fiber cable route planning based on collaborative reinforcement learning with LPGP framework","authors":"Zanshan Zhao ,&nbsp;Guanjun Gao ,&nbsp;Weiming Gan ,&nbsp;Jialiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zengfu Wang ,&nbsp;Haoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yonggang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Submarine optical fiber cables are essential to international communication, transmitting approximately 99% of global traffic. The cost and survivability of these cables are key factors that must be carefully considered during the design stage. However, the cost of submarine cables and the risks closely associated with their survivability have not yet been decoupled and simultaneously optimized. In this paper, we propose a Local Pareto to Global Pareto (LPGP) paradigm for multi-objective optimization. Based on this paradigm, we design an offline collaborative reinforcement learning LPGP (Off-CRL-LPGP) framework that effectively decouples and simultaneously optimizes the cost and risk of submarine optical fiber cable routing. The results demonstrate that Off-CRL-LPGP reduces accumulated costs by 28.83% compared to ant colony optimization (ACO) under the same risk conditions, while requiring significantly less computational time. Compared to multi-agent cross reinforcement learning (MA-XRL), under the same accumulated risk and accumulated cost conditions, the Off-CRL-LPGP could respectively reduce accumulated cost by 3% and accumulated risk by 1.1%, at the expense of some additional computational time. Compared to online summation for global Pareto (On-Sum-GP), Off-CRL-LPGP could respectively reduce accumulated cost by 7.8% and risk by 23.48%. We also investigate the impact of algorithm combinations on the performance of Off-CRL-LPGP. Alternating Q-learning and SARSA (alternate Q-S/S-Q) could reduce accumulated costs by 3.83% and risk by 13.78%, while improving the convergence level for cost by 2.18 times and for risk by 3.30 times. Furthermore, data smoothing method proposed in this work reduces accumulated cost and risk by 4.58% and 6.17%, respectively, and improves stability in 97.66% of iterations, with a maximum stability improvement of 6.64 times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 104178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Li+ concentration detection based on Li/Al-LDHs modified optical microfiber coupler","authors":"Xuesong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yue Feng ,&nbsp;Weixiang Yuan ,&nbsp;Haodong Wu ,&nbsp;Tao Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of ultra-low concentrations of lithium ions (Li⁺) is of paramount importance for protecting human health and preserving the ecological environment. This paper proposes a fiber-optic sensor based on lithium/aluminum layered double hydroxides (Li/Al-LDHs) modified optical microfiber coupler (OMC). Firstly, the optimal diameter of the OMC is determined through simulation analysis to optimize the sensor parameters. Secondly, functional group functionalization is employed to facilitate a robust binding of the Li/Al-LDHs to the surface of the optical fiber. Lastly, the efficacy of the sensor in detecting low concentrations of Li⁺ was validated through experimental means. The results demonstrated that the sensor exhibited a maximum detection sensitivity of 334.222 nm/μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.272 nM within the range of 1–10 nM, exhibiting good linearity (R² = 0.986). Furthermore, the sensor displayed excellent stability, selectivity and response time, indicating its potential for application in the detection of Li⁺ concentration in aqueous environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 104187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient fiber-coupled system based on coreless fiber end-face aspherical microlens","authors":"Zhu Ma,&nbsp;Chuxuan Deng,&nbsp;Jia Tang,&nbsp;Xiaodong Liu,&nbsp;Dinghui Luo,&nbsp;Shunshun Zhong,&nbsp;Ji’an Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the applicability of non-contact optical fiber interconnects, a coreless optical fiber (COF) segment is spliced onto the tip of a single-mode fiber (SMF). Subsequently, an aspherical microlens (AM) is precisely fabricated at the COF end through grinding and polishing processes. This design aims to significantly improve the coupling efficiency (CE) of the optical fiber interconnect, addressing critical challenges in high-performance optical systems. First, the Gaussian beam propagation matrix is used to analyze the transmission characteristics of light within the aspheric microlens. Then, an optical coupling model is developed to investigate the effects of parameters such as the incident light wavelength, positional offset, angular deviation, lens diameter, lens curvature radius, refractive index, and temperature on CE. Finally, an experimental platform is constructed to validate the simulation results. The simulation results show that the CE of design and fabrication of the fiber tip microlens can reach to 92% and it shows universality for incident light wavelengths. Additionally, it obtains generous axial coupling tolerances, reducing the requirements of the assembly process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 104185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation vulnerability of optical fiber cables for underground nuclear waste monitoring","authors":"Jérémy Perrot ,&nbsp;Adriana Morana ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Marin ,&nbsp;Youcef Ouerdane ,&nbsp;Aziz Boukenter ,&nbsp;Johan Bertrand ,&nbsp;Stéphane Poirier ,&nbsp;Hanaa Houjeij ,&nbsp;Evzen Novak ,&nbsp;Tomas Peltan ,&nbsp;Sylvain Girard","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents our evaluation of the radiation vulnerability of optical fiber cables candidate to monitor temperature and strain in nuclear waste repositories. For this, the cables have been both exposed to γ-1 MGy Total Ionizing Dose (TID) and to mixed-field neutron-γ-rays up to 150 Gy TID and neutron fluence of 2.8 × 10¹³ n/cm². The effect of hydrogen-rich atmospheres is also investigated as this constraint is associated with the targeted environments. The evolution of the properties of seven optical fiber cables, differing in their compositions and structures, were evaluated during these two irradiation campaigns. Radiation-Induced Attenuation (RIA), Brillouin Frequency Shift (BFS), and Rayleigh Frequency Shift (RFS) were measured online at room temperature. Additional post-irradiation assessments have been performed: thermo-mechanical properties of both Brillouin and Rayleigh scatterings were evaluated pre- and post-irradiation, along with carbon coating H₂-blocking capabilities and radiation-induced degradation. Results demonstrated that radiation induces hydrogen diffusion from some of the cable structures, particularly from gel components. This, in addition to RIA, significantly increases the optical loss levels at infrared wavelengths under γ-rays (&gt;1200 dB/km, at 1550 nm). The study explores the origins of these losses and the radiation-induced BFS and RFS levels. Post-mortem analyses, including spectral assessments, macroscopic cable degradation observations, and hydrogenation, provided further insights into cable behavior in such conditions. A PEEK-structured cable showed notable resilience, with minimal changes in its Brillouin/Rayleigh sensitivity, no visible degradation, and the lowest H₂-blocking capability degradation under irradiation. This work offers a comprehensive qualification process for evaluating optical fiber cable performance for nuclear waste monitoring, and the findings exhibit broader implications for various nuclear industry applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 104181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two different wavelength stopping states in a single-frequency self-sweeping fiber laser","authors":"Xianming Huang ,&nbsp;Baole Lu ,&nbsp;Chengcheng Lu ,&nbsp;Lingkang Meng ,&nbsp;Haowei Chen ,&nbsp;Jintao Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we report for the first time two different wavelength stopping states in a single-frequency self-sweeping fiber laser due to polarization state control and loss tuning, respectively. In the former, the dynamic grating disappears due to the two counter-propagating modes are orthogonal to each other, while in the latter the dynamic grating remains. The output spectrum as well as the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of the two wavelength stopping states are able to maintain good agreement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 104183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural parameter dependence of differential mode delay in dual-step index core based 2LP-mode fiber","authors":"Taro Iwaya ,&nbsp;Yuto Sagae ,&nbsp;Taiji Sakamoto ,&nbsp;Takashi Matsui ,&nbsp;Takanori Sato ,&nbsp;Kunimasa Saitoh ,&nbsp;Kazuhide Nakajima","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates a structure for minimizing Rayleigh scattering loss and differential mode delay (DMD) in a dual-step index 2LP-mode fiber which is composed of a pure silica center core, F-doped outer core and F-doped cladding. The optimum structure with DMD = 0 ns/km shows a Rayleigh scattering loss reduction of 13 % compared to that of the 2LP-mode fiber with a graded-index (GI) GeO₂-doped glass core. We examined the effect of structural change on the DMD with the optimum structure and found that the structural change in the radial direction strongly affects the DMD. A radial structure change of less than 2.3 % is required to achieve low DMD in a dual-step index 2LP-mode fiber.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 104172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible and efficient network slicing scheme based on resource awareness and traffic prediction for Fi-Wi access network","authors":"Kun Li ,&nbsp;Qinghua Tian ,&nbsp;Xiangjun Xin ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zuxian Li ,&nbsp;Fu Wang ,&nbsp;Wensheng Yu ,&nbsp;Feng Tian ,&nbsp;Haipeng Yao ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical access networks are widely recognized as a pivotal technology for addressing the last-mile connectivity challenges. However, the continuous emergence of novel applications within the industrial Internet introduces unprecedented challenges to these networks. This paper proposes a resource-aware dynamic slicing scheme for Fi-Wi access networks. This proposed scheme adheres to the ISA-95 standard and seamlessly integrates network slicing technology into optical access networks. The scheme uses a resource-aware model to select the optimal path and reduce processing latency. LSTM-Attention is introduced for traffic prediction, reducing the delay in slice adjustments caused by large-scale traffic. Simulation results show that this scheme can efficiently select the optimal path, reserve more resources for services, and has a lower bandwidth blocking rate compared to traditional DES and LSTM methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 104176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarization-multiplexed single-cavity dual-comb fiber laser and its running condition for ranging","authors":"Haonan Gong ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Gu ,&nbsp;Gaowei Wang ,&nbsp;Jiming Wang ,&nbsp;Yiqiu Liang ,&nbsp;Rui Guo ,&nbsp;Yao Li ,&nbsp;Youwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have firstly demonstrated a free-running, polarization-multiplexed, single-cavity dual-comb fiber laser with a simplified linear-cavity configuration. The repetition rate of the laser is around 86.3 MHz while its repetition rate difference can be tuned from 1.0 kHz to 1.8 kHz. Then, it is verified that the ranging precision by this dual-comb source can be optimized according to the carrier frequency of the beat interferogram signal. When the interferogram’s carrier frequency is centered at 26 MHz by tuning the mode-locking state of the laser, a ranging precision of 392 nm is achieved with 67 ms averaging time. In further, we have found the radio frequency spectrum of the interferogram signal is hardly influenced by the change of the repetition rate difference, which leads to the consistency of the distance measurement. This result indicates dual-comb ranging by this compact single-cavity fiber laser is potentially robust to environmental disturbance and this laser source can be a good candidate for other dual-comb applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 104179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}