Optical Fiber Technology最新文献

{"title":"Noise-like pulse generation in erbium-doped fiber laser by hybrid mode-locking of graded index multimode fiber and nonlinear optical loop mirror","authors":"Hikmat Maad ,&nbsp;Norita Mohd Yusoff ,&nbsp;Siti Barirah Ahmad Anas ,&nbsp;Makhfudzah Mokhtar ,&nbsp;Mohd Adzir Mahdi ,&nbsp;Zuraidah Zan","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The practical implementation of graded-index multimode fiber (GIMF) as a saturable absorber (SA) in mode-locked fiber lasers is limited by the requirement for extremely short fiber lengths, making its reproducibility and investigation difficult. In this work, we demonstrate stable noise-like pulse (NLP) generation using a hybrid mode-locked fiber laser that integrates a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) with a 32 m GIMF segment. Nonlinear multimode interference (NL-MMI) and nonlinear phase accumulation within the NOLM bidirectional-loop (bi-loop) were leveraged to enhance the saturable absorption characteristics. Comprehensive measurements comparing the nonlinear transmission behavior of GIMF alone and NOLM-GIMF structures confirmed a substantial improvement in modulation depth. NLP generation was systematically investigated across GIMF lengths from 30 m to 62.5 m, with optimal performance observed at 32 m, yielding a 3-dB bandwidth of 22.38 nm, spike width of 153.9 fs, and pedestal width of 61.73 ps. The obtained pulse is significantly shorter than previously reported NLP, which is typically reported in the nanosecond range for the 1.5 µm regime. Long-term stability testing over 300 min showed minimal spectral and temporal fluctuations, confirming robust operation. The proposed NOLM-GIMF design successfully overcomes the short-length constraint of GIMF-based SAs, offering a scalable and reliable solution for high-energy, broadband NLP fiber lasers in the 1.5 µm regime. This work advances mode-locked fiber laser technology by improving stability and scalability for ultrafast photonics applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-Short broadband dual-hollow-core fiber coupler in E + S + C + L + U band","authors":"Zhufeng Sheng ,&nbsp;Yuying Guo ,&nbsp;Shuqin Lou ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Donglian Hou ,&nbsp;Haoqiang Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a novel ultra-short broadband coupler based on a polymer dual-hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (DHC-ARF) operating in E + S + C + L + U band. By introducing a pair of elliptical tubes between two cores to form an air gap channel and two elliptical-like cores, the decoupling phenomenon can be efficiently suppressed and the coupling length of the fiber can be reduced, which is beneficial to develop an ultra-short broadband fiber coupler. Besides, wavelength and polarization dependence of the DHC-ARF-based coupler can be effectively suppressed through adjusting the air gap region between two cores and the core shape of the fiber. Simulation shows that a 5.03-mm-long DHC-ARF can be used to construct an ultra-short 3 dB coupler with a wide bandwidth of 370 nm covering over the wavelength range from 1.305 μm to 1.675 μm, in which the coupling ratio is stabilized at 50 ± 2 %, the coupling ratio difference changes within ± 0.82 %, and the total loss of the coupler is 0.025 ± 0.013 dB. This DHC-ARF-based coupler is made of the polymer, thus it can be fabricated by high-resolution 3D printing, which is easier to manufacture in comparison to a silica-host DHC-ARF based coupler. The proposed ultra-short broadband polymer coupler is very promising in the application of next-generation high speed and large-capacity hollow-core fiber communication systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance temperature sensor via Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on exposed-core microstructured fiber combined with PDMS","authors":"XingHong Zhou ,&nbsp;Duo Yi ,&nbsp;DongQing Li ,&nbsp;XingHong Chen ,&nbsp;YouFu Geng ,&nbsp;XueJin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a fiber optic temperature sensor based on an exposed-core fiber (ECF) combined with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Owing to the unique structure design of ECF and the high-performance of PDMS, a triple interference effect occurs within the device. Then, by employing the interrogation techniques including fast Fourier transform (FFT) and band-pass filtering, mixed interference spectra can be effectively separated in the spatial domain, and each of them can be individually applied for temperature measurement. The experimental results demonstrate that high-sensitivity (8.2 nm/℃) or large-range (160 ℃) temperature measurements can be realized based on the separated interference spectra. Such an excellent performance is significantly enhanced over previously reported fiber temperature sensors. More importantly, different from the traditional methods by cascading two different sensing elements, high-sensitivity and large-range temperature measurement is achieved within a single sensor structure, significantly reducing the volume and complexity of the sensing device.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bandwidth demand adaptive link weight aware OSNR based dynamic and hybrid routing, modulation, and spectrum allocation in multi-band multiplexed elastic optical networks","authors":"Ruchi Srivastava ,&nbsp;Yatindra Nath Singh ,&nbsp;Varsha Lohani","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>5G communication necessitates substantial improvements in optical networking to accommodate heterogeneous traffic bandwidths. The optical Routing, Modulation, and Multi-Band Spectrum Assignment (RMMBSA) algorithm offers a vital solution for resource allocation within multi-band multiplexed elastic optical networks (MB-EONs). The RMMBSA algorithm effectively manages the broadened spectrum, which includes the conventional C-band as well as additional bands such as L, S, and E, thereby enhancing spectrum utilization. This paper focuses on the spectral ranges of the C- and L-bands for resource provisioning, utilizing linear impairments, such as the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) as the criterion for band selection. The OSNR estimation is derived from the amplified spontaneous emission noise (ASE) of the path amplifiers. The substantial rise in the availability of frequency slots (FSs) for resource allocation within a multi-band optical network framework necessitates that the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) controller optimizes spectrum allocation with the help of various routing; such as static, dynamic, and hybrid approaches. The RMMBSA algorithm based on static routing has already been presented in the existing literature. This paper presents a dynamic routing-based RMMBSA algorithm, which employs a resource-aware mechanism to adjust link weights, thereby enabling the modification of routing paths in accordance with real-time traffic conditions. Furthermore, we will explore the challenges associated with the proposed technique and aim to tackle these issues by introducing a hybrid routing-based RMMBSA algorithm. The following performance metrics have been utilized to assess the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms: bandwidth blocking probability (BBP), Fractional Spectrum Utilization (FSU), link fragmentation metric (LFM), entropy-based fragmentation metric (EBFM), request blocking probability (RBP), and throughput, with BBP serving as the primary performance indicator. Simulations were conducted on the Telecom Italia (TI) and German network topologies. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms significantly lower the key performance metric, BBP, achieving reductions of 60.4% and 54.1% for TI and German network topologies respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Random distributed multi-pulse dynamics in mode-locked regimes of a highly nonlinear fiber ring laser","authors":"Yueling Hao ,&nbsp;Lingzhen Yang ,&nbsp;Juanfen Wang ,&nbsp;Yuxin Bai ,&nbsp;Linlin Fan ,&nbsp;Weijie Ding ,&nbsp;Shengxiang Chen ,&nbsp;Jiahao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The generation and transition dynamics of random distributed multi-pulse are studied numerically and experimentally in the mode-locked fiber laser. The influence of various cavity parameters on the generation of multi-pulse in the fiber laser is investigated and the random distributed multi-pulse with delta-like characteristics in the autocorrelation trace is generated numerically. The results show that the highly nonlinear fiber can significantly enhance the nonlinear effect in the cavity to effectively and quickly enter the multi-pulse region. By adding the highly nonlinear fiber to the fiber laser in the experiment, the random distributed multi-pulse is generated under appropriate polarization state and pump power, which is consistent with the simulation results. The transition dynamics of the variation in the number of pulses during the formation process of the random distributed multi-pulse is studied by using the time-stretch dispersive Fourier transform technology. The random distributed multi-pulse combines the advantages of both pulse and chaotic signals, with a higher peak-to-peak value and random distribution in the time interval between pulses. Our work provides fundamental insights into the evolution and dynamic behavior in random distributed multi-pulse and broaden its potential applications in the correlation fiber loop ring down sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of melamine in milk using molecular imprinting polymerization and metalloporphyrin-based fiber optic probe","authors":"Jyoti ,&nbsp;Kavita ,&nbsp;R.K. Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive melamine adulteration in milk poses serious health risks, particularly renal and urinary tract disorders. In this study, the sensitive and selective detection of melamine in milk is made by developing two types of fiber optic probes. Both probes are synthesized using TiO₂ nanoparticles by the sol–gel method. One probe is further functionalized with a molecularly imprinted polymerization (MIP), while the other is coated with a porphyrin structure. The MIP-coated probe demonstrates strong selectivity for melamine, with a sensitivity of 0.363 nm/mM. In contrast, the porphyrin-coated probe demonstrated a higher sensitivity of 1.643 nm/mM, which is 4.5 times greater than the MIP-coated probe. Both probes exhibited a rapid response time of 4–8 s, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.128 mM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.790 mM. Additional performance parameters, including full width at half maximum (FWHM) and figure of merit (FOM), were also evaluated, further demonstrating the effectiveness of the fiber optic sensing platform. The novelty of this work lies in the use of MIP and porphyrin coatings on fiber optic probes for melamine detection, leveraging optical properties to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution temperature monitoring with fiber Bragg gratings based on dual-wavelength differential detection","authors":"Keiji Kuroda,&nbsp;Takumi Onimura","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensor based on the dual-wavelength differential detection method is reported. In the proposed technique, the reflection intensities of two wavelength pulse pairs are compared to track the shift that occurs in the FBG’s spectrum when the environmental temperature changes. By determining some required parameters experimentally, we perform real-time measurements of the FBG temperature using this technique. A temperature resolution of 0.028°C is achieved when using two FBGs connected in series.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of output coupling ratio on performance of Q-switched fiber laser based on MgQ2 organic saturable absorber","authors":"Mustafa Mohammed Najm ,&nbsp;Sarah Mohammed Najm ,&nbsp;Jassim K. Hmood ,&nbsp;Jing Ee Yit ,&nbsp;Alabbas A. Al-Azzawi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Najm Abdullah ,&nbsp;S.W. Harun","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally investigates an organic 8-Hydroxyquinoline magnesium (MgQ₂) thin-film saturable absorber (SA). The MgQ₂-SA is prepared using the drop-casting method to create a solid polymer film. The results show that the optical properties of the MgQ₂-SA film include a non-saturable absorption of 30 %, a saturable absorption of 22.5 %, and a saturable intensity of 11.4 MW/cm². The Q-switched operation using MgQ₂-SA film produces pulse widths ranging from 7.45 µs to 1.4 µs, with pulse repetition rates reported from 32 to 135 kHz, particularly in the coupling ratio range of 50 % to 10 %. Q-switched spectral operations were observed at wavelengths of 1530 nm for 10:90 output coupler (OC). Besides, for 50:50 OC, dual-wavelength spectrum is recorded with peaks at 1557 nm, and 1559 nm wavelengths. The proposed system architecture shows the capability to generate unique pulse characteristics across various wavelengths and different coupling ratios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiber Bragg Grating-based smart cable force sensing under bending-tension coupling","authors":"Peng Liu ,&nbsp;Ronghua Chen ,&nbsp;Guangning Chen ,&nbsp;Quanxi Shen ,&nbsp;Wanxu Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In beam string structures, cables bend under the action of struts, and the combined effects of bending, tension, and joint friction complicate force variation. Additionally, limited installation space in bent sections poses significant challenges to accurate force monitoring. This study investigates the reliability of force monitoring in fiber Bragg grating (FBG) smart cables under coupled bending-tension effects. Theoretical principles for force monitoring and the mechanical behavior of cables under bending-tension coupling are derived. Calibration tests show a maximum deviation of 1.61% between the load sensitivity coefficients and theoretical values, with maximum nonlinearity, repeatability, and lag errors of 1.13%, 0.89%, and 1.33%, respectively. Finite element simulations and experiments reveal that as the bending joint height increases, the strain at FBG measurement points rises, with a faster increase on the loading-end side. When the bending joint moves closer to the fixed end, the strain at the fixed-end FBG measurement point increases, while the strain at the loading-end point decreases, consistent with simulation results. The maximum deviation between monitored cable forces and dynamometer readings is 5.5%, with a minimum deviation of 0.2%. Finally, 95% ultimate breaking force tests show that the FBGs fractured at 8300με and 8100με, respectively, achieving a 72–89% range increase over conventional FBG sensors. These findings demonstrate the excellent monitoring accuracy of smart cables under bending-tension coupling, providing reliable technical support for force monitoring in beam string structures under complex loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Service provisioning for anycast requests in semi-filterless optical networks with spectrum and IT resource balancing","authors":"Junling Yuan ,&nbsp;Xuyang Hao ,&nbsp;Qiang Guo ,&nbsp;Xuhong Li ,&nbsp;Qikun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semi-filterless optical network (semi-FON) is a promising scheme for upgrading the aggregation networks and anycast service provisioning problem is one of the key issues in semi-FON. In this paper, we investigate this problem and propose three anycast service provisioning algorithms, namely IT resource balancing (ITRB) algorithm, spectrum resource balancing (SRB) algorithm, and spectrum and IT resource balancing (SnITRB) algorithm. The algorithms balance the use of IT or/and spectrum resources in different datacenters and links, in order to achieve the goal of serving more anycast requests. Simulation results show that, the proposed algorithms can reduce blocking probability of anycast requests to a certain extent, while the SnITRB algorithm has the best performance. Quantitatively, relative to the baseline, the SnITRB algorithm achieves an improvement in blocking probability ranging from 84% to 100% when the IT resources are sufficient, and up to 59% when the IT resources are insufficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}