Yuhao Huang , Li Xia , Kun Yue , Junchang Huang , Xiaodong Yin
{"title":"Lebesgue-integral-inspired matrix decomposition of optical fibers with arbitrary spinning rates","authors":"Yuhao Huang , Li Xia , Kun Yue , Junchang Huang , Xiaodong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical chiral materials have become a heated topic of research in recent decades, continually injecting new vitality into both the fundamental theory of optics and novel applications. An optical fiber with linear birefringence can be considered a chiral medium when it is twisted along the axial direction. However, when the spinning rate is non-uniform and varies arbitrarily along the fiber axis, obtaining the emerging polarization state of the light wave is challenging. In this work, inspired by the Lebesgue integral, we innovatively propose a method to decompose optical fibers with arbitrary spinning rates by using elliptical birefringence matrix. Mathematical derivation is provided, and the correctness of the scheme is also verified by comparing it with the results obtained from traditional coupled-mode theory and linear birefringence matrix method. The scheme proposed in this work provides great convenience for obtaining the polarization matrix of chiral fibers and is also applicable to other chiral materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.A. Salim , S.K. Ghoshal , M.S. Amana , Nandang Mufti , M.S.A. Aziz , Safa Riyadh Waheed , Karrar Abdulameer Kadhim , N.H. Sarmin , H. Bakhtiar
{"title":"Humidity sensing characteristics of rose Bengal dye-functionalized plasmonic silver Nanoparticles-coated Novel Fiber-Optic sensors","authors":"A.A. Salim , S.K. Ghoshal , M.S. Amana , Nandang Mufti , M.S.A. Aziz , Safa Riyadh Waheed , Karrar Abdulameer Kadhim , N.H. Sarmin , H. Bakhtiar","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Demand of high performance fiber-optic relative humidity sensors (FO-RHS) is ever-growing. Thus, rose Bengal dye (RBD)-functionalized ellipsoidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were made using pulse laser ablation in liquid method and used as sensing coating elements to design optical fiber-based humidity sensors. These NPs showed prominent surface plasmon resonance absorption and fluorescence with short decay lifetime. AgNPs surface enriched of OH and COOH groups enabled an efficient H<sub>2</sub>O adsorption, O<sub>2</sub> dissociation, and electrons acceptance. Humidity sensing capacity of these FO-RHS was tested against polyvinyl alcohol, revealing excellent sensitivity (0.16 dB/%RH) and linearity (0.955 dB/%RH). Proposed FO-RHS may be beneficial for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olga N. Egorova , Sergey L. Semjonov , Sergey G. Zhuravlev , Mikhail Yu. Salganskii , Mikhail V. Yashkov , Mario Ferraro
{"title":"Michelson interferometer based on a fiber with a germanium-doped core and inner cladding for high-temperature sensing","authors":"Olga N. Egorova , Sergey L. Semjonov , Sergey G. Zhuravlev , Mikhail Yu. Salganskii , Mikhail V. Yashkov , Mario Ferraro","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We proposed and demonstrated a temperature sensor based on a fiber Michelson interferometer. The Michelson Interferometer contains a special fiber with a germanium-doped core and pure silica inner cladding, so the interference spectrum is formed as a result of interference of the mode of the core and one of the modes of the inner cladding. The existence of inner cladding reduces the number of interacting cladding modes. When annealing the sensor for 300 min at a temperature of 600 °C, no thermal hysteresis of the interference spectrum was observed. The temperature sensitivities of the proposed sensor are 48 pm/°C in the range of 20–250 °C and 78 pm/°C in the range of 250–600 °C. But when the sensor was exposed to a constant temperature of 700 °C and above for a few hours, a shift in the wavelength of the dip of the interference spectrum is observed. This wavelength shift, which occurs even at a fixed temperature, depends on the temperature of annealing. It can be explained by a number of processes occurring in glass at high temperatures: the changing fictive temperature of the glass, diffusion of germanium oxide from the core, and formation of mechanical stresses resulting from the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the core and cladding, and relaxation of these mechanical stresses at an elevated temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priyamvada V.C. , Sony Udayan , Vijesh K.R. , V.P.N. Nampoori , Radhakrishnan P.
{"title":"Carbon nanostructures in polyvinyl alcohol-based silver nanocomposites for serum albumin concentration sensing","authors":"Priyamvada V.C. , Sony Udayan , Vijesh K.R. , V.P.N. Nampoori , Radhakrishnan P.","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Introducing carbon nanostructures in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix as strengthening elements by solution dispersion method is already known. Here, the plasmonic sensor surfaces interspersed with carbon nanomaterials are studied for their durable and better sensing capabilities. Carbon quantum dots (CQD) and Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are the carbon nanostructures used in the polyvinyl alcohol-silver nanocomposite to develop plasmonic sensing surfaces. Fiber optic unclad U-bent surfaces are encapsulated in the carbon nanostructure dispersed PVA-silver nanocomposite. The surface is further functionalized with the polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH) for better bioconjugation. In the available sensor literature, the evaluation of the sensing layer stability after multiple sensing trials is almost nil. In this work, the sensor surface plasmonic performance after multiple sensing trials is evaluated. The results show that plasmonic biosensors with improved sensing performances can be developed by introducing carbon nanomaterials in PVA-silver nanocomposites. The developed sensor heads are used to sense Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) concentration changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic realization of miscellaneous profile services in elastic optical networks using spectrum partitioning","authors":"Behnam Gheysari , Arash Rezaee , Lotfollah Beygi","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.103951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.103951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical backbone networks are required to be highly adaptable in terms of bandwidth allocation, to accommodate the dynamic demands of emerging broadband wireless and fixed access networks. To address this requirement, rather than assigning a fixed bandwidth to each request, services are offered based on the requested bandwidth profile, which enables a more diverse range of services to be offered and more efficient usage of spectrum resources. To accommodate the service requests with miscellaneous bandwidth profiles, including minimum, average, and maximum spectrum slot requirements, as well as holding time, two innovative techniques have been developed. These schemes ensure that the allocated bandwidth meets the minimum requirement, does not exceed the maximum, and achieves the desired average bandwidth, considering the time-weighted average of the assigned spectrum slots over the holding period. These methods also utilize probabilistic spectrum partitioning, which enforces different probabilities to contributing spectrum partitions in a certain service realization. Employing this probabilistic spectrum partitioning along with profile-based routing, improves the chance of accommodating requests and consequently reduces request blocking probability. The results indicate that our algorithms can successfully realize the requested services by achieving a blocking probability of less than 0.07 for offered loads up to 1000 erlang, in the Deutsche Telekom network topology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ahmad , B. Nizamani , M.Z. Samion , M.Z. Zulkifli
{"title":"Switchable dual- and Single-Wavelength mode-locked bismuth-doped fiber lasers at O-band","authors":"H. Ahmad , B. Nizamani , M.Z. Samion , M.Z. Zulkifli","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we have demonstrated the switchable and tunable operation of mode-locked pulses at O-band. A 40 m silica-based bismuth-doped fiber (BDF) was used to provide a high gain with low losses in the O-band regime. The carbon nanotube (CNT) was used as a mode-locker, whereas the dual- and single-wavelength mode-locked pulses were achieved by including a tunable Mach-Zehnder filter (TMZF) to the BDF laser cavity. The laser operation was switched between dual- and single-wavelength operation by tuning the TMZF wavelength knob within the ring cavity. The operating wavelengths were at 1308.2 and 1328.5 nm for dual-wavelength mode-locked pulses. At the same time, the single wavelength mode-locked laser was tuned at three different operating wavelengths of 1316.3, 1328.5, and 1321.4 nm, with the 3-dB bandwidths of 3.3, 3.1 and 4.6 nm, and pulse durations of 790, 810 and 570 fs, respectively. The mode-locked laser remained stable from pump powers of 607 to 715 mW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling of rare-earth-doped double-clad fiber laser based on rate equations with spatially averaged parameters","authors":"A.S. Yasukevich, V.E. Kisel, A.I. Lazarchuk","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A mathematical model of a rare-earth doped double-clad fiber laser based on rate equations with spatially averaged parameters laser has been developed. Analytical expressions for the threshold absorbed pump power, slope efficiency and laser output power have been obtained for the CW regime. It has been shown that the results of output power calculations using the analytical model for CW double-clad ytterbium and neodymium doped lasers are in a good agreement with the results obtained using numerical models described in literature. A quantitative criterion for the applicability of the presented analytical model for calculating the parameters of double-clad fiber lasers has been proposed. The applicability of the proposed model to describe the transient stage of the operation of a fiber laser under continuous pumping has been demonstrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esther Renner , John S. Mampilli , Nadia Amer , Bernhard Schmauss
{"title":"Single-channel distributed Raman temperature sensing based on a 1-dimensional convolutional neural network","authors":"Esther Renner , John S. Mampilli , Nadia Amer , Bernhard Schmauss","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a simple and cost-efficient single-channel Raman distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system based on temperature prediction by a 1-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) from the Raman anti-Stokes backscatter trace. The proposed Raman DTS system is based on incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry with homodyne down-conversion with excitation of spontaneous Raman backscattering by an L-band laser diode and detection of the Raman anti-Stokes in the optical C-band. A 1D-CNN is employed to predict the spatially resolved temperature profile along the fiber from the obtained anti-Stokes backscatter trace only and thus, solves the problem of temperature referencing for single-channel Raman DTS systems. The network was trained on three different scenarios, consisting of uniform and non-uniform temperature profiles along the fiber in a temperature range from 0 °C to 60 °C. The obtained results show that the measurement and signal processing pipeline presented here is capable of predicting the temperature distribution to an accuracy of approximately 1 K in the tested scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrei Zverev , Vladimir Kamynin , Vladimir Tsvetkov , Boris Denker , Sergey Sverchkov , Vladimir Vel’miskin , Yuri Gladush , Dmitry Krasnikov , Albert Nasibulin
{"title":"Er-Yb all-fiber laser with a repetition rate for ultrashort pulses of 300 MHz","authors":"Andrei Zverev , Vladimir Kamynin , Vladimir Tsvetkov , Boris Denker , Sergey Sverchkov , Vladimir Vel’miskin , Yuri Gladush , Dmitry Krasnikov , Albert Nasibulin","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We demonstrate the optimization of a short cavity passively mode-locked (ML) erbium-ytterbium fiber laser. The cavity consisted of a composite active fiber and a hybrid isolator-coupler-multiplexer. To realize the ML regime, aerosol-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes were placed in the cavity. During length optimization, the pulse repetition rate was increased from 100 to 298 MHz. At the highest repetition rate, the optical pulses had a duration of 3.6 ps and the average output power was 1.6 mW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Femtosecond fiber laser with hybrid organic small molecule material as saturable absorber","authors":"Sameer Salam , Salam M. Azooz , Irfan Anjum Badruddin , Sarfaraz Kamangar , Sulaiman Wadi Harun","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development of an ultrafast mode-locked fiber laser utilizing a hybrid organic small molecule (HOSM) based on Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq<sub>3</sub>) and N,N′-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB), as a passive saturable absorber (SA). The SA thin-film was integrated into the laser cavity to serve as a mode-locker. Through a series of experiments varying the cavity length, the efficacy and stability of the developed SA were examined. In these experiments, with cavity lengths of 112 m, 61.5 m, and 22.5 m, accompanied by group velocity dispersions (GVDs) of −2.365, −1.249 ps<sup>2</sup>, and −0.4 ps<sup>2</sup> respectively, we observed a consistent and singular soliton mode-locking state. Notably, we achieved a remarkable pulse width tunability ranging from 1.98 ps to 712 fs by adjusting the cavity length. Operating in the 1560 nm region, this femtosecond soliton fiber laser holds significant promise for various applications, including high-precision optical metrology, frequency-comb generation, and broadband absorption spectroscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}