Paediatric Respiratory Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Surfactant administration and cerebral oxygenation and perfusion in preterm neonates − A systematic review of literature","authors":"Christina H. Wolfsberger ,&nbsp;Marlies Bruckner ,&nbsp;Christoph Schlatzer ,&nbsp;Bernhard Schwaberger ,&nbsp;Nariae Baik-Schneditz ,&nbsp;Berndt Urlesberger ,&nbsp;Gerhard Pichler","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Surfactant replacement is standard for preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, improving survival and outcomes. Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) and intubation-surfactant-extubation (INSURE) are preferred methods for surfactant replacement in spontaneously breathing preterm neonates. Despite the undeniable benefits of surfactant implementation in neonatal care, surfactant administration can affect vital parameters and cerebral oxygenation and perfusion, assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review systematically examined the literature on surfactant administration in preterm neonates and its impact on NIRS-measured cerebral oxygenation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Clinical Trials, and Ovid Medline was conducted using following terms: newborn, infant, neonate, preterm, premature, prematurity, surfactant, LISA, less-invasive surfactant administration, INSURE, near-infrared-spectroscopy, NIRS, oximetry, spectroscopy, cerebral oxygenation, cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (crSO₂), crSO₂, cerebral perfusion. Only studies in human preterm neonates were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixteen studies were identified that described cerebral oxygenation measured by NIRS in the context of surfactant administration demonstrating a decrease in crSO₂ during surfactant administration, followed by a subsequent increase. Three studies specifically described the course of crSO₂ in neonates while receiving LISA, whereby in two of these LISA was compared to INSURE describing differences in crSO₂ behaviour. Two additional studies described surfactant administration using the INSURE procedure and the influence on cerebral oxygenation. Ten studies investigated surfactant administration in intubated neonates receiving mechanical ventilation. One study described crSO₂ in neonates receiving aerosolised surfactant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This systematic review indicates that surfactant administration is associated with a transient decrease in crSO₂ followed by a return to baseline levels, whereby differences between the LISA and INSURE methods were observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise testing for young athletes","authors":"H. Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;D.A. Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;H. Selvadurai","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With increasing competitiveness across the sporting landscape, there is a need for more research into monitoring and managing the young athlete, as the needs of a young athlete are vastly different to those of an older athlete who is already established in their respective sport. As the age of sports specialisation seems to decrease, exercise testing in the younger cohort of athletes is crucial for safety and long-term success. This article provides a comprehensive summary of available testing and monitoring methods that can be used to assist young athletes as they mature and attempt to excel in their chosen sport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138818971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Exercise empowering children socially and physically from vulnerable ex preemies to elite athletes and all of those in between","authors":"Larry C. Lands,&nbsp;Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What constitutes restless sleep in children?","authors":"Mimi Lu ,&nbsp;Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parents commonly report in sleep questionnaires and in person to clinicians that their child is restless in sleep. There is little agreement on what constitutes restless sleep and so the significance of this observation is uncertain and its relationship to parental concerns about daytime tiredness<span>, learning difficulties or problematic behaviours is unclear. Restless sleep may be secondary to other sleep problems such as obstructive sleep apnoea<span> or periodic limb movement disorder. However, there may be some evidence to support the concept of restless sleep as a primary sleep problem. Certainly, more evaluation of restless sleep with validated tools and agreed definitions should be the starting point in clarifying the significance of restless sleep in childhood.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the complexity of cystic fibrosis (CF) and psychosocial wellbeing in the 2020s: Current and future challenges","authors":"Rebecca Dobra ,&nbsp;Sarah Carroll ,&nbsp;Jane C. Davies ,&nbsp;Fiona Dowdall ,&nbsp;Alistair Duff ,&nbsp;Anna Elderton ,&nbsp;Anna M. Georgiopoulos ,&nbsp;Rachel Massey-Chase ,&nbsp;Paul McNally ,&nbsp;Michèle Puckey ,&nbsp;Susan Madge","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is traditionally associated with considerable and progressive multisystem pathology, onerous treatment burden, complex psychosocial challenges, and reduced life-expectancy <span><span>[1]</span></span>, <span><span>[2]</span></span>, <span><span>[3]</span></span>, <span><span>[4]</span></span>, <span><span>[5]</span></span>, <span><span>[6]</span></span>, <span><span>[7]</span></span>, <span><span>[8]</span></span>, <span><span>[9]</span></span>.This decade has seen transformative change in management for many, but not all, people with CF. The most notable change comes from Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Receptor (CFTR) modulators, which bring significant benefits for people who are eligible for, and able to access, them <span><span>[10]</span></span>. However alongside, or perhaps because of, this exciting progress, the past few years have also brought important novel challenges to the psychosocial wellbeing of people with CF.</div><div>This article, written as a collaboration between CF psychologists, social workers, physicians and nurses aims to provide an accessible overview of the novel psychosocial challenges now faced by children, their families, and adults with CF, and to invite consideration of their changing psychosocial requirements to inform future holistic care. Themes include geopolitical stressors such as the pandemic and its wake, a growing divide between those able or unable to access CFTR modulators, potential rapid changes in life expectancy secondary to these drugs and the inevitable associated challenges this brings; evolving body image, mental health side effects of CFTR modulators, the challenges of adherence in apparently well children and young adults, as well as the diagnostic conundrum and associated anxiety of the cystic fibrosis screen positive inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID) label. It also highlights some unmet research and service delivery needs in the area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of paediatric community acquired pneumonia","authors":"S. Haggie ,&nbsp;I.M. Balfour-Lynn","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Community acquired pneumonia is among the most common causes of hospitalisation in children, despite most cases being successfully managed in ambulatory care. Empyema is the most common complication of hospitalised pneumonia, and although associated with considerable morbidity, death is rare, even in severe disease.</div><div>Beyond the acute infection, there is a recognised association of paediatric lower respiratory tract infection and impaired lung function over the whole life span. Longitudinal birth cohorts highlight the deleterious effect of paediatric pneumonia on lung function and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a near doubling of respiratory associated mortality in adults. Less clear is how to reconcile this worrisome data with most children only having mild abnormalities on spirometry in paediatric follow up. Recurrent or severe pneumonia is infrequently associated with irreversible lung injury such as bronchiectasis or bronchiolitis obliterans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory infections in low and middle-income countries","authors":"Lisa Frigati ,&nbsp;Leonore Greybe ,&nbsp;Savvas Andronikou ,&nbsp;Ernst Eber ,&nbsp;Shyam Sunder B. Venkatakrishna ,&nbsp;Pierre Goussard","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the epidemiology, aetiology, diagnostics and management of childhood pneumonia in low and middle income countries (LMICs).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Review of published english literature from 2019 to February 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) still result in significant mortality in children under 5 years of age in LMICs. Important studies have reported a change in the pathogenesis of LRTIs over the last 5 years with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) resulting in a large burden of disease. SARS-CoV-2 had a significant direct and indirect impact in children in LMICs. <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (MTB) remains a priority pathogen in all children. Nucleic acid amplification and rapid antigen tests have improved diagnostic accuracy for MTB and other bacterial pathogens. Point of care diagnostics may overcome some limitations, but there is a need for better cost-effective diagnostics. Access to shorter courses of TB treatment are now recommended for some children, but child friendly formulations are lacking. The role of chest X-ray in TB has been recognized and included in guidelines, and lung ultrasound to diagnose LRTI is showing promise as a lower cost and accessible option.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Advances in diagnostics and large multi-centre studies have provided increased understanding of the causative pathogens of LRTIs in LMICs. Increased access to preventive strategies such as vaccines, treatment modalities including antivirals, and addressing upstream factors such as poverty are essential if further declines in LRTIs in LMICs are to be realised.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Thinking community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and its impact on lung health","authors":"Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative review of clinical prediction models for paediatric community acquired pneumonia","authors":"Chris A. Rees ,&nbsp;Stuart Haggie ,&nbsp;Todd A. Florin","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a disease experienced by children the world over, though CAP-related morbidity and mortality differ markedly between low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). Thus, setting-specific clinical prediction models are needed to identify children at risk for CAP-related morbidity and mortality. Here, we outline published clinical prediction models from LMICs and HICs for pediatric CAP-related outcomes. To date, there have been four clinical prediction models to predict treatment failure, two to predict a composite outcome of poor outcomes, and eight models for mortality prediction for CAP in LMICs. No prediction models developed in LMICs had publications that described their impact on clinical care through implementation. In HICs, to date there are three published clinical prediction models evaluating disease severity and one examining the need for major medical interventions. While clinical prediction models described in this review provide a strong foundation for risk stratification for children with CAP in HICs, there is a need for widespread external validation and implementation of optimally performing models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Face masks and protection against COVID-19 and other viral respiratory infections: Assessment of benefits and harms in children","authors":"Johanna Sandlund ,&nbsp;Ram Duriseti ,&nbsp;Shamez N. Ladhani ,&nbsp;Kelly Stuart ,&nbsp;Jeanne Noble ,&nbsp;Tracy Beth Høeg","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mask mandates for children were implemented at schools and childcare centers during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the US continues to recommend masking down to the age of two in certain settings. Medical interventions should be informed by high-quality evidence and consider the possibility of harm (i.e., include harm-benefit analyses). In this review, we weigh the existing evidence for the effectiveness of mask mandates to protect against COVID-19 and other viral respiratory infections and the harms associated with face mask wearing in children.</div><div>There is a lack of robust evidence of benefit from masking children to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or other respiratory viruses. The highest quality evidence available for masking children for COVID-19 or other viral respiratory infections has failed to find a beneficial impact against transmission. Mechanistic studies showing reduced viral transmission from use of face masks and respirators have not translated to real world effectiveness. Identified harms of masking include negative effects on communication and components of speech and language, ability to learn and comprehend, emotional and trust development, physical discomfort, and reduction in time and intensity of exercise.</div><div>Effectiveness of child masking has not been demonstrated, while documented harms of masking in children are diverse and non-negligible and should prompt careful reflection. Recommendations for masking children fail basic harm-benefit analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}