Paediatric Respiratory Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Virtues of PEEP in the PICU and beyond","authors":"Henry Rozycki, Brigitte Fauroux","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"254 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139017137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiology and management of respiratory infections in children with tracheostomy","authors":"F. Birru,&nbsp;C.A. Gerdung,&nbsp;M. Castro-Codesal","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tracheostomy-related respiratory infections are common, though the diagnosis and management can be challenging in children. The goal of this review article was to provide an overview of the current knowledge known about recognizing and treating respiratory infections in this population and to emphasize future areas for further research. While several small and retrospective papers attempt to provide information, there remain more questions than answers. We have reviewed ten published articles to understand this topic, bringing to light significant variation in clinical practices across institutions. While identifying the microbiology is important, it is also crucial to recognize when to treat. Differentiating acute infection, chronic infection, and colonization are important features that influence the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection in children with a tracheostomy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1526054223000337/pdfft?md5=943ffbe5b0129081fe4aa5a047bc621c&pid=1-s2.0-S1526054223000337-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9645043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on the use of bacteriophage in treating Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis","authors":"Jagdev Singh ,&nbsp;Eugene Yeoh ,&nbsp;Dominic A. Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;Hiran Selvadurai","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Respiratory infections caused by <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> are a major concern for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Bacteriophages, which are viruses that selectively target and kill bacteria, are being studied as an alternative treatment for these infections.</p><p>This systematic review evaluates the safety and effectiveness of bacteriophages for the treatment of CF-related infections caused by <em>S. aureus</em> and/or <em>P. aeruginosa</em>.</p><p>We conducted a search for original, published articles in the English language up to March 2023. Studies that administered bacteriophages via intravenous, nebulised, inhaled, or intranasal routes were included, with no comparators required. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies were eligible for inclusion, and only animal <em>in vivo</em> studies that utilised a CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) animal model were included.</p><p>Bacteriophage treatment resulted in a decrease in bacterial load in both humans and animals infected with <em>P. aeruginosa</em>. Complete eradication of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> was only observed in one human subject. Additionally, there was a reduction in biofilm, improvement in resistance profile, and reduced pulmonary exacerbations in individual case reports. Evidence suggests that bacteriophage therapy may be a promising treatment option for CF-related infections caused by <em>P. aeruginosa</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>. However, larger and more robust trials are needed to establish its safety and efficacy and create necessary evidence for global legislative frameworks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10084795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to residential mold and dampness and the associations with respiratory tract infections and symptoms thereof in children in high income countries: A systematic review and meta-analyses of epidemiological studies","authors":"Jonathan Groot ,&nbsp;Emilie Tange Nielsen ,&nbsp;Trine Fuhr Nielsen ,&nbsp;Per Kragh Andersen ,&nbsp;Marie Pedersen ,&nbsp;Torben Sigsgaard ,&nbsp;Steffen Loft ,&nbsp;Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen ,&nbsp;Amélie Keller","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Multiple reviews have been conducted on the associations between residential mold and dampness and respiratory outcomes in children, with few specifically investigating respiratory tract infections (RTIs).</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We aimed to review and synthesize the available epidemiological literature on mold and dampness and risk of RTIs and respiratory symptoms compatible with RTIs in children living in high-income countries.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We performed a systematic search of literature available from MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science for observational studies. We conducted <em>meta</em>-analyses using two-level random effects (RE) and multi-level random effects (ML) models for contrasts of three exposure and three outcome categories, including multiple estimates reported by single studies. We report central estimates for pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI).We conducted a risk of bias assessment using the Joanna Briggs Initiative (JBI) checklists for cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies. We additionally report on cumulative <em>meta</em>-analyses, leave-one-out analyses of single estimates, subgroup analyses by study quality and study design and inclusion of all effect estimates.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 932 studies initially screened by title and abstract, we included 30 studies with 267 effect estimates that met the inclusion criteria. Most were cross-sectional (n = 22), with fewer cohort (n = 5) and case-control (n = 3) studies. Most of the studies were according to the bias assessment of poor or fair quality (n = 24). The main <em>meta</em>-analyses generally provided similar results regardless of statistical model and central estimates ranged from OR 1.28 (95 % CI; 1.08, 1.53) for dampness and RTIs to OR 1.76 (95 % CI; 1.64, 1.88) for mold and respiratory symptoms. Most analyses were of moderate heterogeneity. Funnel plots did not indicate strong publication bias.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results are compatible with a weak to moderate effect of residential mold and or dampness on risk of RTIs in children in high-income countries. However, these results are based primarily on cross-sectional studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 47-64"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1526054223000398/pdfft?md5=5453801eabd691b8e4106dd232f2dc2b&pid=1-s2.0-S1526054223000398-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9855614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The expectations of life depend upon diligence; the mechanic that would perfect his work must first sharpen his tools”","authors":"Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41148108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trials and tribulations of highly effective modulator therapies in cystic fibrosis","authors":"Nathan Lieu ,&nbsp;Bernadette J. Prentice ,&nbsp;Penelope Field ,&nbsp;Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Highly effective modulator therapies (HEMTs) have revolutionised the management approach of most patients living with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have access to these therapies. Clinical trials have reported significant improvements across multiorgan systems, with patients surviving longer. However, there are accumulating case reports and observational data describing various adverse events following initiation of HEMTs including drug-to-drug interactions, drug induced liver injury, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and neurocognitive symptoms including psychosis and depression, which have required discontinuation of therapy. Current clinical trials are assessing efficacy in younger patients with CF, yet long-term studies are also required to better understand the safety profile in the real-world setting across all ages and the impact of HEMT dose alteration or discontinuation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin-like growth factor-1 replacement therapy after extremely premature birth: An opportunity to optimize lifelong lung health by preserving the natural sequence of lung development","authors":"Boris W. Kramer ,&nbsp;Steven Abman ,&nbsp;Mandy Daly ,&nbsp;Alan H. Jobe ,&nbsp;Victoria Niklas","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The past decades have seen markedly improved survival of increasingly immature preterm infants, yet major health complications persist. This is particularly true for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the </span>chronic lung disease<span><span> of prematurity, which has become the most common sequelae of prematurity and a significant predictor of respiratory morbidity throughout childhood as well as adult life, neurodevelopmental disability, cardiovascular disease, and even death. The need for novel approaches to reduce BPD and related complications of prematurity has never been more critical. Thus, despite major advances in the use of </span>antenatal steroids<span>, surfactant therapy<span>, and improvements in respiratory support, there is a persistent need for developing therapeutic strategies that more specifically reflect our growing understanding of BPD in the </span></span></span></span><em>post-surfactant</em><span><span><span> age, or the “new BPD.” In contrast with the severe lung injury leading to marked fibroproliferative disease from the past, the “new BPD” is primarily characterized by an arrest of lung development as related to more extreme prematurity. This distinction and the continued high incidence of BPD and related sequelae suggest the need to identify therapies that target critical mechanisms that support lung growth and maturation in conjunction with treatments<span> to improve respiratory outcomes across the lifespan. As the prevention of BPD and its severity remains a primary goal, we highlight the concept from preclinical and early clinical observations that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) can potentially support the natural sequence of lung growth as a replacement therapy after preterm birth. Data supporting this hypothesis are robust and include observations that low IGF-1 levels persist after extremely preterm birth in human infants and strong preclinical data from experimental models of BPD highlight the therapeutic benefit of IGF-1 in reducing disease. Importantly, phase 2a clinical data in extremely premature infants where replacement of IGF-1 with a human recombinant human IGF-1 complexed with its main IGF-1 binding </span></span>protein 3<span>, significantly reduced the most severe form of BPD, which is strongly associated with multiple morbidities that have lifelong consequences. As physiologic replacement therapy of surfactant heralded the success of reducing </span></span>acute respiratory distress syndrome<span> in preterm infants, the paradigm has the potential to become the platform for discovering the next generation of therapies like IGF-1, which becomes deficient after extremely premature birth where endogenous production by the infant is not sufficient to maintain the physiologic levels adequate to support normal organ development and maturation.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9568802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of current drug treatments on the clinical outcomes of paediatric spinal muscular atrophy type 1: A systematic review","authors":"Anmar Al-Taie ,&nbsp;Aygül Köseoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe hereditary lower motor neuron disorder characterised by degeneration of alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord, resulting in progressive weakness and paralysis of proximal muscles. A systematic literature search was carried out by using PRISMA guidelines and searching through different databases that could provide findings of evidence on the health outcomes of the approved therapies for the management of </span>paediatric<span> SMA type 1 regarding efficacy with follow-up in terms of motor and </span></span>respiratory functions<span><span> and the tolerability and incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) post-treatment from real-world publications. Half of the publications (50%) had a prospective observational design. Eight studies (66.7%) assessed </span>nusinersen, and three studies (25%) assessed </span></span>onasemnogene abeparvovec with a duration of follow-up ranging from 6 months to 3 years to evaluate the motor and respiratory functions using different assessment tools, hospitalisation rates, and the tolerability and incidence of ADRs post-treatment. The three currently approved treatments for SMA type 1 provided good support and health outcomes in terms of motor function, respiratory outcomes, reduction of hospitalisations, and improvement of survival. Nevertheless, uncertainties regarding continued improvement after long-term illness and the generalizability of results are still unknown.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10327452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cough medicines for children- time for a reality check","authors":"Gene Clark ,&nbsp;Dominic A. Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;Bruce K. Rubin","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Cough medicines have been in use for over a century to treat the common and troublesome, but often helpful, symptoms of cough in children. They contain various combinations of “anti-tussive” drugs including opioids, antihistamines, </span>herbal preparations<span><span>, mucolytics<span>, decongestants and </span></span>expectorants. Whilst theoretically attractive for symptom relief when children are suffering, as time has passed these popular </span></span>over the counter medicines<span> have been shown to lack efficacy, delay more serious underlying diagnoses, and can cause complications and sometimes death. This has resulted in clinician concerns, a citizen petition to the American Food and Drug Association in 2007, some self-regulation from manufacturers and escalating restrictions on their use from regulatory agencies across the world over the last twenty years. This article will review the protective role of cough, juxtapose the conflicting treatment goals of suppressing a dry cough and promoting expectoration for a wet cough, consider the evidence basis for prescribing cough medicines in comparison to other more specific treatments such as for asthma [beta agonists] or infection [antibiotics], regulatory interventions, and conclude with the view that over counter cough medicines should not be used in children, especially young children.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 30-38"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10278955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative strategy for personalised medicine in a CFSPID case that evolved with time","authors":"J. Twynam-Perkins ,&nbsp;A. Fall ,&nbsp;J.W. Lefferts ,&nbsp;D.S. Urquhart","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a challenging case that illustrates how the clinical manifestations in children with <em>CFTR</em> mutations of uncertain significance may change over time. This case highlights the evolution of confirming a diagnosis of CF and emphasises the importance of regular review and monitoring of this patient cohort.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 23-26"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9746362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}