Paediatric Respiratory Reviews最新文献

Recent advances in pediatric pulmonology and allergy: Articles of interest to fellows. Subclinical small airway dysfunction, anti-inflammatory reliever therapy, and biologic treatment in pediatric asthma. 儿科肺病学和过敏症的最新进展：研究员感兴趣的文章。儿童哮喘的亚临床小气道功能障碍、抗炎缓解治疗和生物治疗。

IF 4 3区医学

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Pub Date : 2026-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2026.04.004

Irlanda Alvarado-Amador, Seda Tunca, Chiara Astori

{"title":"Recent advances in pediatric pulmonology and allergy: Articles of interest to fellows. Subclinical small airway dysfunction, anti-inflammatory reliever therapy, and biologic treatment in pediatric asthma.","authors":"Irlanda Alvarado-Amador, Seda Tunca, Chiara Astori","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2026.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2026.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in pediatric asthma continue to refine the understanding of disease mechanisms and to reshape therapeutic strategies. In this brief review, we discuss three recent articles of particular interest to fellows and early-career clinicians. First, we examine evidence showing that subclinical small airway dysfunction may be present in children with well-controlled asthma despite normal FEV<sub>1</sub>, highlighting the potential role of oscillometry as a complementary tool in functional assessment. Second, we review the CARE trial, which demonstrated that as-needed budesonide-formoterol was superior to SABA-only reliever therapy in reducing asthma attacks in children with mild asthma. Third, we summarize recent data on dupilumab in children with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe type 2 asthma, showing sustained benefits across disease severity strata. Together, these studies illustrate how physiological assessment and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies are advancing personalized care in pediatric asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oral health status in adult and paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF): A systematic review and meta-analysis. 成人和儿童囊性纤维化（CF）患者的口腔健康状况：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 4 3区医学

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Pub Date : 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2026.04.003

Alessandro Cuozzo, Leopoldo Mauriello, Vitolante Pezzella, Vincenzo Iorio-Siciliano, Elio Ramaglia, Sossio Giuseppe Lanzillo, Lorenzo Marini, Andrea Blasi

{"title":"Oral health status in adult and paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF): A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Alessandro Cuozzo, Leopoldo Mauriello, Vitolante Pezzella, Vincenzo Iorio-Siciliano, Elio Ramaglia, Sossio Giuseppe Lanzillo, Lorenzo Marini, Andrea Blasi","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2026.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2026.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate oral health in paediatric and adult patients affected by cystic fibrosis (CF). A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Electronic search was performed on scientific databases to identify studies reporting relevant oral health parameters. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria, mostly cross-sectional and from tertiary care settings. Paediatric CF cohorts showed caries risk comparable or lower than controls but a higher prevalence of developmental enamel defects (DDE) and altered salivary function. Adult CF patients exhibited increased DMFT scores with more untreated decay, while severe periodontitis (PD ≥ 6 mm) remained rare despite high plaque accumulation. CF is associated with a distinctive oral health profile, characterized by age-dependent caries risk, frequent enamel anomalies, altered salivary physiology, and relatively preserved periodontal status. Standardized longitudinal studies are needed to clarify these associations, evaluate CFTR modulators effects, and support the integration of dental care within multidisciplinary CF management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Keeping up with CFTR modulator eligibility. 紧跟CFTR调制器资格。

IF 4 3区医学

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2026.03.003

Rebecca Jackson, Siân Bentley, Jane C Davies, Dominic Hughes

{"title":"Keeping up with CFTR modulator eligibility.","authors":"Rebecca Jackson, Siân Bentley, Jane C Davies, Dominic Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2026.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2026.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The availability of highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators has transformed outcomes for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Eligibility, conferred initially by clinical trial data, has evolved through advances in in vitro 'theratyping' and use of real‑world evidence. Since ivacaftor's approval for a single gating variant in 2012, eligibility has broadened to over 180 variants with the highly effective therapies elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor and recently launched vanzacaftor/tezacaftor/deutivacaftor. Regulatory authorities have increasingly accepted non‑traditional evidence, notably the FDA's 2017 ivacaftor extension based on cell‑based assays and, in 2025, the EMA's decision to extend elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor to people ≥2 years with at least one non class I variant. However, clinical response remains variable, influenced in part by baseline characteristics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, and environmental exposures. We outline evolving approaches to determining eligibility and strategies to improve methods to predict, verify, and monitor clinical response in an era of personalised medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting neutrophil-driven inflammation in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: From pathogenesis to therapeutic perspectives. 支气管肺发育不良的中性粒细胞驱动炎症：从发病机制到治疗观点。

IF 4 3区医学

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2026.03.002

Maria Giulia Conti, Rebecca Morelli, Elvira Mazzuca, Lorenzo Lugo, Barbara Luongo, Marco Bianchi, Domenico Paolo La Regina, Laura Petrarca, Raffaella Nenna, Fabio Midulla

{"title":"Targeting neutrophil-driven inflammation in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: From pathogenesis to therapeutic perspectives.","authors":"Maria Giulia Conti, Rebecca Morelli, Elvira Mazzuca, Lorenzo Lugo, Barbara Luongo, Marco Bianchi, Domenico Paolo La Regina, Laura Petrarca, Raffaella Nenna, Fabio Midulla","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2026.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2026.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutrophil-driven inflammation plays a key role in the initiation and progression of the chronic lung disease of preterm infants, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Their modulation represents a promising avenue for early risk stratification and targeted intervention. Among its pathogenic mechanisms, neutrophils are central contributors to impaired alveolarization and lung function defects. Preclinical hyperoxia models in neonatal mice confirm a causal link between neutrophil activation and lung injury. Early neutrophil-related biomarkers such as blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio are emerging as predictive of BPD onset and severity. Despite these findings, clinical translation in targeted therapies remains limited. Further research should focus on validating neutrophil-derived biomarkers, characterizing neutrophil phenotypes, and ultimately propose clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anti-neutrophilic anti-inflammatory therapies in neonates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunomodulation in paediatric inflammatory interstitial lung diseases: towards mechanism-based targeted therapies, a focus on the anti-cytokines. 儿童炎症性间质性肺疾病的免疫调节：基于机制的靶向治疗，重点是抗细胞因子。

IF 4 3区医学

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2026.03.001

Apolline Gonsard, Marie-Louise Fremond, Alice Hadchouel

{"title":"Immunomodulation in paediatric inflammatory interstitial lung diseases: towards mechanism-based targeted therapies, a focus on the anti-cytokines.","authors":"Apolline Gonsard, Marie-Louise Fremond, Alice Hadchouel","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2026.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2026.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood interstitial lung diseases (chILDs) associated with inflammatory diseases represent a heterogeneous group of rare conditions. To date, therapeutic approaches predominantly rely on broad-spectrum immunosuppressive agents, often independently of the underlying mechanism. During the last ten years, next generation sequencing techniques allowed the identification of monogenic auto-inflammatory diseases with the subsequent development of mechanism-based targeted immunomodulatory therapies. Among these emerging therapies, anti-cytokine agents occupy an increasingly prominent role in inflammatory chILDs. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have emerged as a promising strategy, with initial efficacy demonstrated in monogenic type I interferonopathies involving the lung, such as STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) and COPA syndrome. Their therapeutic scope has subsequently expanded to include disorders driven by type II interferon signalling, notably systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated lung disease and refractory pulmonary granulomatosis. In juvenile dermatomyositis with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibodies, JAK inhibitors address refractory rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Further anti-cytokine therapies include tocilizumab (anti-interleukin-6) for juvenile systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease, anti-interleukin-1β/18 combinations (MAS-825), and anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Whilst evidence remains predominantly limited to case reports and small series, these mechanism-based approaches represent a paradigm shift towards personalised medicine in chILDs. Understanding disease-specific pathophysiology-from interferon activity assessment to genomic sequencing-is essential for optimal therapeutic targeting. Multicentre collaborations are needed to evaluate long-term efficacy and safety of these targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-acting muscarinic antagonists as add-on treatment for asthma in children under age 12: a systematic review and meta-analysis 作为12岁以下儿童哮喘附加治疗的长效毒蕈碱拮抗剂：一项系统综述和荟萃分析。

IF 4 3区医学

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2025.04.003

Gabriel Bolner, Yohanna Idsabella Rossi, Jonathan Costa Dall’Acqua, Artur Vestena Rossato, Fabiana Dolovitsch de Oliveira, Kauê Bolner, Gilberto Bueno Fischer, Janice Luisa Lukrafka, Helena Teresinha Mocelin

{"title":"Long-acting muscarinic antagonists as add-on treatment for asthma in children under age 12: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Gabriel Bolner, Yohanna Idsabella Rossi, Jonathan Costa Dall’Acqua, Artur Vestena Rossato, Fabiana Dolovitsch de Oliveira, Kauê Bolner, Gilberto Bueno Fischer, Janice Luisa Lukrafka, Helena Teresinha Mocelin","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Children under 12 have fewer treatment options for uncontrolled asthma than adolescents and adults. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists<span> (LAMA) can be used as an add-on therapy for asthma in adults, but the evidence in children is unclear.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span><span><span>We systematically searched PubMed, </span>Embase, and the </span>Cochrane Library for </span>randomized controlled trials<span><span> (RCTs) and observational studies that evaluated LAMA as an add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids in asthmatic children younger than 12. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis for lung function, asthma control, and </span>adverse events. Subgroup analyses were performed for different LAMA dosages.</span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><span>Four RCTs and two observational studies (n = 1210) were included in our systematic review. The </span>pulmonary function<span> tests indicated that LAMA at any dose significantly improved peak FEV1<span> (MD 86.16 mL; 95 %CI 18.62–153.71; p < 0.01) and FEF25–75 % (MD 0.2518L; 95 %CI 0.1971–0.3064; p < 0.01), while FVC<span> (MD 9.69 mL; 95 %CI −34.57 to 53.95; p = 0.67) remained unchanged. Asthma control measured by the Asthma Control Questionnaire<span> (MD −0.07; 95 %CI −0.08 to −0.06; p < 0.01) also favoured LAMA treatments. Nighttime awakenings and rescue treatment usage showed no significant differences between groups. Using LAMA was also associated with fewer adverse events (RR 0.88; 95 %CI 0.79–0.98; p = 0.021).</span></span></span></span></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>LAMA are safe and effective for moderate/severe asthma for children aged 6–11. Evidence is still slowly evolving for children younger than 6 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pulmonary hemorrhage in preterm infants born <29 weeks’ gestation: a population cohort study 妊娠<29周的早产儿肺出血：一项人群队列研究

IF 4 3区医学

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2025.04.001

Pranav R Jani , Traci-Anne Goyen , James Elhindi , Rajesh Maheshwari , Daphne D’Cruz , Himanshu Popat , Mohamed Abdel-Latif , Melissa Luig , Dharmesh Shah

{"title":"Pulmonary hemorrhage in preterm infants born <29 weeks’ gestation: a population cohort study","authors":"Pranav R Jani , Traci-Anne Goyen , James Elhindi , Rajesh Maheshwari , Daphne D’Cruz , Himanshu Popat , Mohamed Abdel-Latif , Melissa Luig , Dharmesh Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) in preterm infants who were born <29 weeks’ gestation in relation to their small for gestational age (SGA) status.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study included preterm infants born <29 weeks’ gestation and admitted to one of eight tertiary perinatal hospitals in New South Wales and The Australian Capital Territory, Australia from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2019. Data for analysis was obtained from the Neonatal Intensive Care Units’ (NICUs) database. Temporal trends and changes in the outcomes were examined using multivariable logistic regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median gestational age was 27 weeks’ (interquartile range (IR): 25–28) and the median birth weight was 928 g (IR: 756–1,106). PH occurred in 281/4,823 infants (5.8 %). PH more than doubled in SGA compared to appropriately grown infants (11.1 %: 39/353 versus 5.4 %: 242/4,470, difference 5.7; 95 % CI:2.14–9.12) and in infants born <26 weeks compared to ≥26 weeks (137/1,356: 10.1 % versus 144/3,467: 4.2 %, difference 5.9; 95 % CI:4.16–7.63). After confounder adjustments, PH was associated with a higher predischarge mortality (OR:3.97, 95 % CI:3.00–5.24) and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (OR:4.2, 95 % CI:3.10–5.67) but made no difference in levels of functional impairment at 2–3 years corrected age (OR:1.13, 95 % CI:0.77–1.66).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PH was more common in infants born SGA and in those born <26 weeks’ gestation. PH was associated with poorer predischarge clinical outcomes. Timely risk prediction is needed to improve outcomes in these infants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Socioeconomic determinants of outcomes in childhood asthma 儿童哮喘结局的社会经济决定因素。

IF 4 3区医学

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2025.03.001

Karl A. Holden , Daniel B. Hawcutt , Ian P. Sinha

引用次数: 0

Pediatric pulmonary and sleep medicine – Best recent articles to read in 2025 儿科肺部和睡眠医学- 2025年最值得阅读的最新文章。

IF 4 3区医学

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2025.04.002

Bruce K. Rubin

引用次数: 0

Severe asthma in adolescents: Clinical implications and beyond 青少年严重哮喘：临床意义及其他。

IF 4 3区医学

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.006

Francesca Bonomo , Giuliana Ferrante , Michele Piazza , Laura Tenero , Marco Zaffanello , Giorgio Piacentini

{"title":"Severe asthma in adolescents: Clinical implications and beyond","authors":"Francesca Bonomo , Giuliana Ferrante , Michele Piazza , Laura Tenero , Marco Zaffanello , Giorgio Piacentini","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe asthma<span> affects about 6.7% of adolescents worldwide, posing a substantial burden on their physical and psychosocial well-being. The impact of severe asthma on adolescents is multifaceted, with several factors that contribute to this burden, such as comorbidities including obesity, dysfunctional breathing, sleep-disordered breathing and mental health issues. Moreover, daily therapy management is often complex and may require lifestyle modification that could lead to a failure in treatment adherence and to peer-related stressors such as feelings of exclusion. Furthermore, adolescents with severe asthma are prone to risk-taking behaviours, including vaping and substance misuse. While current management strategies often fail to account for their developmental stage, digital technologies offer novel solutions to improve disease management. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted impact of severe asthma on adolescents, addressing the main clinical management issues and exploring the role of innovative digital tools to enhance asthma management in this critical population.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0