Paediatric Respiratory Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Thinking community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and its impact on lung health","authors":"Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards standardized and clinically relevant definitions of hypoxemia and hyperoxemia in preterm infants: A systematic review.","authors":"N H Gangaram-Panday, J A Poppe, A N Tintu, C F Poets, I K M Reiss, W van Weteringen, S H P Simons","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In neonatal care, maintaining oxygen levels in the target range is essential to minimize adverse outcomes. Both episodes of hyperoxemia and hypoxemia are associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Criteria to determine the hypoxemic and hyperoxemic burden are currently not standardized or generally applied in clinical care. This results in difficulty to identify clinically relevant events in preterm infants. Clinical decisions and interventions are therefore mostly based on the experience of the clinical team. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the used definitions for hypoxemia and hyperoxemia in preterm infants, based on continuous monitoring techniques and the relation to neonatal outcome (PROSPERO: CRD42023493201).</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic determinants of outcomes in childhood asthma.","authors":"Karl A Holden, Daniel B Hawcutt, Ian P Sinha","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma is the commonest chronic condition of childhood. Children with asthma in the UK have the worst outcomes across Europe and other high-income countries. There are significant socioeconomic inequalities that impact the prevalence and outcomes of asthma (emergency healthcare utilisation, hospitalisation, critical care admission, mortality and quality of life). In this review we discuss these inequalities and the underlying mechanistic links, using the UK as an example of how poverty in a high-income country results in inequality in asthma outcomes. These inequalities and underlying mechanisms need to be understood by clinicians, policymakers and wider stakeholders to be redressed such that avoidable harm and asthma deaths in children can be prevented.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of intratracheal budesonide plus surfactant vs. Surfactant alone on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm Infants: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Aluisio D'lucas Alves Gomes, Elísio Bulhões, Danielle Costa do Amaral, Luis Felipe Matos de Sousa, Ely Cavalcante Lima Júnior, José Airton Alves Ferreira, Hilderlania Alves de Oliveira, Maria Lr Defante, Jafar Aljazeeri","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic pulmonary disease commonly affecting preterm infants. The potential benefits of combining budesonide with surfactant for preterms with early BPD remain uncertain and warrant further exploration.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of intratracheal budesonide plus surfactant compared with surfactant alone in preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central databases from inception to November 2024. We conducted a meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines. We calculated the risk ratios (RRs) of endpoints of interest with 95% confidence intervals using a random effects model. R software (version 4.3.2) was used for statistical analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight RCTs including 2029 preterm infants were included. Compared with surfactant alone, a combined intratracheal budesonide plus surfactant significantly reduced the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (RR: 0.70; 95 % CI: 0.54-0.91; p = 0.007; I² = 71.4 %), mortality (RR: 0.81; 95 % CI: 0.66-0.98; p = 0.029; I² = 14.6 %), pulmonary hemorrhage (RR: 0.58; 95 % CI: 0.37-0.90; p = 0.015; I² = 0 %) and patent ductus arteriosus (RR: 0.84; 95 % CI: 0.75-0.94; p = 0.004; I² = 0 %).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis found that intratracheal budesonide plus surfactant reduces the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, mortality, pulmonary hemorrhage and patent ductus arteriosus compared with surfactant alone. Given its potential to reduce pulmonary complications associated with prematurity, clinicians may consider this combination therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post COVID-19 pandemic consequences for children","authors":"Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change and children’s respiratory health","authors":"Camille Bignier ,&nbsp;Lucile Havet ,&nbsp;Margot Brisoux ,&nbsp;Céline Omeiche ,&nbsp;Swati Misra ,&nbsp;Apolline Gonsard ,&nbsp;David Drummond","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change has significant consequences for children’s respiratory health. Rising temperatures and extreme weather events increase children’s exposure to allergens, mould, and air pollutants. Children are particularly vulnerable to these airborne particles due to their higher ventilation per unit of body weight, more frequent mouth breathing, and outdoor activities. Children with asthma and cystic fibrosis are at particularly high risk, with increased risks of exacerbation, but the effects of climate change could also be observed in the general population, with a risk of impaired lung development and growth. Mitigation measures, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions by healthcare professionals and healthcare systems, and adaptation measures, such as limiting outdoor activities during pollution peaks, are essential to preserve children’s respiratory health. The mobilisation of society as a whole, including paediatricians, is crucial to limit the impact of climate change on children’s respiratory health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Pages 64-73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longer term psychological trauma following the COVID-19 pandemic for children and families","authors":"Kenneth Nunn ,&nbsp;Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The psychological trauma following COVID-19 has been lengthy and fraught for some children and their families. The specific problems encountered by children rendered helpless and hopeless by watching others suffer, vicarious traumatisation, is explained in brief as it represents a central motif in clinical work in psychology. This paper will focus on what is known of the nature of psychological trauma in children and families with a focus on the individual clinical manifestations of personal significance. As a backdrop, consideration will be given to the epidemiological trends of psychological morbidity in and around the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the article seeks to provide readers with an appreciation of the dimensions of the neural legacy of COVID-19, a form of neurodisability developing in vulnerable children at a point in time, that is likely to emerge in children suffering an enduring trauma response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Pages 23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of post COVID syndrome pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management in children and young people","authors":"Rebecca Johnston ,&nbsp;Samatha Sonnappa ,&nbsp;Anne-Lise Goddings ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Whittaker ,&nbsp;Terry Y Segal","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post Covid Syndrome (PCS) is a complex multi-system disorder with a spectrum of presentations. Severity ranges from mild to very severe with variable duration of illness and recovery. This paper discusses the difficulties defining and describing PCS. We review the current understanding of PCS, epidemiology, and predisposing factors. We consider potential mechanisms including viral persistence, clotting dysfunction and immunity. We review presentation and diagnosis and finally consider management strategies including addressing symptom burden, rehabilitation, and novel therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Pages 14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139498464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unintended impacts of COVID-19 on the epidemiology and burden of paediatric respiratory infections","authors":"Rebecca Burrell ,&nbsp;Gemma Saravanos ,&nbsp;Philip N. Britton","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute respiratory infections (ARI), especially lower respiratory infections (LRI), are a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality globally. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) employed during the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted on the epidemiology and burden of paediatric ARI, although accurately describing the full nature of the impact is challenging. For most ARI pathogens, a reduction was observed in the early phase of the pandemic, correlating with the most stringent NPI. In later phases of the pandemic resurgence of disease was observed as NPI eased. This pattern was most striking for seasonal viruses, such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. The impact on ARI-associated bacterial disease varied; marked reductions in invasive <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> and <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> were observed, followed by a resurgence that correlated with increases in respiratory viral infections. For <em>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</em>,<!--> <em>Bordetella pertussis</em>, and<!--> <em>Mycoplasma pneumonia</em>e, a sustained reduction of disease was observed well into 2022 in most regions. Proposed<!--> <!-->mechanisms for the varied epidemiological disruption amongst ARI pathogens include<!--> <!-->differential effects of NPI on specific pathogens, population-level immunological effects, and ecological and genetic pathogen adaptations. Additionally, important indirect effects of pandemic restrictions on paediatric respiratory infections have been identified. These occurred as a result of disruptions to routine health services, reductions in vaccination coverage, and disruptions to respiratory infection research and surveillance activities. Impacts have been disproportionately borne by those in low resource settings. We discuss opportunities to leverage pandemic learnings to support improved understanding of the epidemiology of paediatric respiratory infections to inform future prevention and health system strengthening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Pages 3-13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10372865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OSA type-III and neurocognitive function","authors":"Brigitte Fauroux ,&nbsp;Mathilde Cozzo ,&nbsp;Joanna MacLean ,&nbsp;Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) due to a hypertrophy of the adenoids and/or the tonsils in otherwise healthy children is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction and behavioural disorders with various degrees of hyperactivity, aggressiveness, sometimes evolving to a label of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Children with anatomical and/or functional abnormalities of the upper airways represent a very specific population which is at high risk of OSA (also called complex OSA or OSA type III). Surprisingly, the neurocognitive consequences of OSA have been poorly studied in these children, despite the fact that OSA is more common and more severe than in their healthy counterparts. This may be explained by that fact that screening for OSA and sleep-disordered breathing is not systematically performed, the performance of sleep studies and neurocognitive tests may be challenging, and the respective role of the underlining disease, OSA, but also poor sleep quality, is complex. However, the few studies that have been performed in these children, and mainly children with Down syndrome, tend to show that OSA, but even more disruption of sleep architecture and poor sleep quality, aggravate the neurocognitive impairment and abnormal behaviour in these patients, underlining the need for a systematic and early in life assessment of sleep and neurocognitive function and behaviour in children with OSA type III.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Pages 39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141414141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}