Paediatric Respiratory Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Severe asthma in adolescents: Clinical implications and beyond","authors":"Francesca Bonomo ,&nbsp;Giuliana Ferrante ,&nbsp;Michele Piazza ,&nbsp;Laura Tenero ,&nbsp;Marco Zaffanello ,&nbsp;Giorgio Piacentini","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe asthma<span> affects about 6.7% of adolescents worldwide, posing a substantial burden on their physical and psychosocial well-being. The impact of severe asthma on adolescents is multifaceted, with several factors that contribute to this burden, such as comorbidities including obesity, dysfunctional breathing, sleep-disordered breathing and mental health issues. Moreover, daily therapy management is often complex and may require lifestyle modification that could lead to a failure in treatment adherence and to peer-related stressors such as feelings of exclusion. Furthermore, adolescents with severe asthma are prone to risk-taking behaviours, including vaping and substance misuse. While current management strategies often fail to account for their developmental stage, digital technologies offer novel solutions to improve disease management. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted impact of severe asthma on adolescents, addressing the main clinical management issues and exploring the role of innovative digital tools to enhance asthma management in this critical population.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Difficult to treat asthma in vulnerable populations","authors":"Emily R. Le Fevre ,&nbsp;Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145637083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chalazion and hordeolum in paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis on elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor","authors":"Nathan Lieu ,&nbsp;Jagdev Singh ,&nbsp;Melinda Solomon ,&nbsp;Sharon Hunt ,&nbsp;Sharon Simonds ,&nbsp;Christie Boyton ,&nbsp;Chetan Pandit ,&nbsp;Dominic A. Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;Hiran Selvadurai","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the era of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, we have seen impressive improvements to quality of life and life expectancy in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). However, there have been emerging adverse events related to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI). We present 8 paediatric pwCF who developed chalazion/hordeolum on standard dosing of ETI, of which one third needed interruption of ETI therapy to achieve resolution. This report highlights a 5.5-fold increased incidence of chalazion/hordeolum in pwCF and raises concerns of a clinical association between ETI and chalazion/hordeolum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 27-30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145637065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe childhood asthma in low and middle-income countries","authors":"Jose A. Castro-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Manuel E. Soto-Martínez ,&nbsp;Carlos E. Rodriguez-Martinez ,&nbsp;Helena Teresinha Mocelin ,&nbsp;Gilberto Bueno Fischer ,&nbsp;Javier Mallol","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although severe asthma in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is relatively uncommon in children and adolescents (2.1 % and 4.3 %, respectively), it results in significant morbidity, occasional fatality, and great challenges of management, compared to high-income countries. Additionally, nearly 6 % of infants in LMICs experience nighttime symptoms on a weekly basis. Socioeconomic inequities and exposure to environmental risk factors contributed to variability in prevalence, with children from disadvantaged backgrounds being at a higher risk of developing the condition. Numerous preventable risk factors have been identified in these regions, including tobacco smoke, indoor and outdoor pollution (e.g., the use of biomass fuels), allergens, diet, and urbanization, among other lifestyle factors. Almost half of the patients with severe asthma received inadequate treatment. For example, only 55 % use inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), and while most physicians prefer pressurized metered-dose inhalers, only a third recommend using spacers. In some countries, oral short-acting beta agonists and theophylline are still used as treatment options. Compared to fixed-dose ICS/long-acting beta-agonists (LABA), maintenance and reliever therapy (MART), adding tiotropium, and triple therapy (ICS + LABA + LAMA) are cost-effective options in LMICs. Biologic drugs are expensive and have limited access, and studies have shown that omalizumab and dupilumab are not cost-effective treatments in LMICs. Barriers to adequate follow-up include poorly organized health services, limited spirometry, and patients’ non-compliance. Public health efforts should prioritize improving access to affordable asthma medications, enhancing diagnostic capacity in underserved areas, and addressing environmental risk factors that contribute to asthma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What a paediatric pulmonologist needs to know about vaping","authors":"M. Horgan ,&nbsp;D.W. Cox","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), often known as e-cigarettes or vapes, have transitioned from a smoking cessation tool to a widely used recreational product, particularly among adolescents. The prevalence of youth vaping has surged, driven by accessibility, appealing flavours, targeted marketing, and the rise of disposable vapes. Despite regulations and legislation, underage access remains widespread. Adolescents often perceive vaping as less harmful than smoking, though emerging evidence links e-cigarette use to pulmonary toxicity, increased respiratory symptoms, and potential long-term lung damage. Studies indicate associations between vaping and asthma, bronchiolitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Additionally, harmful chemical by-products produced from e-liquid decomposition, raise future health concerns. Regulatory measures vary globally, and the effectiveness of different strategies remains unclear. Paediatric pulmonologists play a key role in addressing this epidemic through patient education and advocacy. Urgent research is needed to assess the long-term health impacts of vaping and develop the most effective vaping cessation interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards standardized and clinically relevant definitions of hypoxemia and hyperoxemia in preterm infants: A systematic review","authors":"N.H. Gangaram-Panday ,&nbsp;J.A. Poppe ,&nbsp;A.N. Tintu ,&nbsp;C.F. Poets ,&nbsp;I.K.M. Reiss ,&nbsp;W. van Weteringen ,&nbsp;S.H.P. Simons","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In neonatal care, maintaining oxygen levels in the target range is essential to minimize adverse outcomes. Both episodes of hyperoxemia and hypoxemia are associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Criteria to determine the hypoxemic and hyperoxemic burden are currently not standardized or generally applied in clinical care. This results in difficulty to identify clinically relevant events in preterm infants. Clinical decisions and interventions are therefore mostly based on the experience of the clinical team. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the used definitions for hypoxemia and hyperoxemia in preterm infants, based on continuous monitoring techniques and the relation to neonatal outcome (PROSPERO: CRD42023493201).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 37-56"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What was that you said?","authors":"Bruce K Rubin, Dominic A Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2026.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2026.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article the curmudgeonly authors take a broad strokes reflection upon the misuse of language in the medical literature through the lens of paediatric pulmonology. The paper addresses the cult of conciseness as reflected in the explosion of ambiguous acronyms, the dismantling of the Latin and Greek origins of medical terminology, and the insatiable desire to change taxonomy seemingly for change sake. The paper serves as a call to arms for those seasoned clinicians of a certain age to push back against the tic-toc approach to learning in the literature and at the bedside in modern paediatric respiratory medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147369956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatable traits in children with bronchiectasis.","authors":"Joséphine Annereau, Apolline Gonsard, Rola Abou Taam, Christophe Delacourt, Charlotte Roy, Anaïs Le, Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus, Alice Hadchouel, David Drummond","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2026.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2026.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bronchiectasis in children is a heterogeneous, chronic respiratory condition for which standardised, evidence-based management is essential. While international guidelines have improved diagnostic and therapeutic consistency, the treatable traits (TT) approach offers a complementary precision-medicine framework aimed at identifying all clinically relevant, measurable, and modifiable factors in individual patients. Through a comprehensive literature review, we identified 40 potential TT in paediatric bronchiectasis, spanning aetiological, pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and behavioural/environmental domains. However, the level of evidence supporting many TT remains limited in children, with most data extrapolated from adults or other respiratory diseases. This framework should therefore be considered dynamic, guiding systematic assessment while emphasising the urgent need for paediatric-specific clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146257973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term non-invasive ventilation in children with central nervous system disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Dalal A Alzaid, Florence Birru, Mohammed M AlBalawi, Bashar Alkhaledi, Prabhjot K Bedi, Summer Hudson, Tamer Abusido, Maria L Castro-Codesal, Deborah Olmstead, Joanna E MacLean","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2026.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2026.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-term non-invasive ventilation (LT-NIV) is commonly used to treat sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) in children. Children with central nervous system (CNS) disorders experience a high rate of SRBDs. However, the outcomes of LT-NIV use for children with CNS disorders remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review is a sub-study of a scoping review on LT-NIV use in children. The scoping review search strategy identified studies of children using LT-NIV from January 1990 to March 2024. These results were searched for studies of children with CNS disorders. To identify studies for meta-analysis, studies were grouped as: 1) studies of children with CNS disorders as part of broader a broader group of children using LT-NIV; 2) studies exclusively of children with CNS disorders using LT-NIV; and 3) studies of children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome using LT-NIV. The Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tool was used to assessed risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 55 studies met inclusion criteria and included 2,015 children with CNS disorders using LT-NIV. Nineteen studies reported outcomes specific to children with CNS disorders. Meta-analysis of four studies showed no difference in mortality between children with and without CNS disorders(1.23, 95% CI: 0.40-3.79). Hospitalization rates across four studies suggested a higher rate of hospitalization in children with CNS disorders compared to children without CNS disorders. Meta-analysis of three studies showed reductions in the apnoea-hypopnoea index following LT-NIV use; the response to LT-NIV, however, varied across individual studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LT-NIV use may benefit some children with CNS disorders, particularly through improvements in sleep-related breathing disorders. However, data remain limited, and uncertainty persists regarding the impact on mortality, hospitalization, and other important outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146220634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The need to restudy SABA regimens on discharge of children with an acute asthma exacerbation: A scoping review.","authors":"Deborah Yujie Yong, Biju Thomas, Basil Elnazir","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2026.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2026.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This scoping review examines the recommendations for short-acting beta-agonists (SABA) in discharge and weaning plans following acute asthma exacerbations in children. It focuses on SABA overprescription in discharge/weaning plans after acute asthma exacerbations and explores strategies to promote protocol-directed care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>National and institutional protocols from the USA, UK, Australia, Canada, and Singapore between 2000 and 2025 were reviewed. Data on SABA weaning plan recommendations, initial dosage, frequency, duration, and caregiver instructions were extracted and analysed using descriptive statistics. Searches were conducted from December 2024 to August 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant variability in protocols was found, with no randomised controlled trials or systematic reviews supporting current SABA discharge/weaning practices, highlighting a lack of evidence-based recommendations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is an urgent need for RCTs to guide safe SABA use. Improved patient education, access to inhaled corticosteroids, and evidence-based discharge plans are key to reducing SABA overuse and improving paediatric asthma outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147348864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}