Paediatric Respiratory Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: A primer for the paediatrician","authors":"Yoshua Selvadurai ,&nbsp;Emily R. Le Fevre ,&nbsp;Jonathan Mervis ,&nbsp;Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant condition characterised by small telangiectasias and larger multisystem arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Common sites of AVMs include in the nose, lungs, brain and liver. These lesions are prone to rupture, leading to complications including recurrent epistaxis and significant haemorrhage. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can also occur. This review presents an update on the genetics, clinical manifestations, management options, and screening recommendations for children with HHT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Pages 30-34"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of obstructive sleep apnoea in children: What are the challenges we face?","authors":"Dominic A. Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;Joanna MacLean ,&nbsp;Brigitte Fauroux","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an increasing demand for the assessment of sleep-disordered breathing in children of all ages to prevent the deleterious neurocognitive and behaviour consequences of the under-diagnosis and under-treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea [OSA]. OSA can be considered in three broad categories based on predominating contributory features: OSA type 1 [enlarged tonsils and adenoids], type II [Obesity] and type III [craniofacial abnormalities, syndromal, storage diseases and neuromuscular conditions]. The reality is that sleep questionnaires or calculations of body mass index in isolation are poorly predictive of OSA in individuals. Globally, the access to testing in tertiary referral centres is comprehensively overwhelmed by the demand and financial cost. This has prompted the need for better awareness and focussed history taking, matched with simpler tools with acceptable accuracy used in the setting of likely OSA. Consequently, we present key indications for polysomnography and present scalable, existing alternatives for assessment of OSA in the hospital or home setting, using polygraphy, oximetry or contactless sleep monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Pages 35-38"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of vitamin D in the diagnosis of infants with respiratory distress, the clinical value: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Hassan Boskabadi ,&nbsp;Maryam Zakerihamidi ,&nbsp;Hassan Mehrad-Majd ,&nbsp;Sahar Ghoflchi","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Respiratory distress (RD) is the most common cause of admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The role of Vitamin D in the development and fortification of fetal pulmonary architecture and the synthesis of surfactants is well-documented. While different serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (Vit. D) have been studied for their diagnostic significance in RD, there is limited research on how it specifically affects the development of respiratory problems in infants and their mothers. The purpose of the present study is a systematic review and &lt;em&gt;meta&lt;/em&gt;-analysis to evaluate the correlation between serum levels of Vit. D in mothers and newborns with RD, and to determine the impact of treating either population on the clinical outcomes of afflicted infants.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A comprehensive literature search was conducted across various databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, ISI, and Google Scholar, using a combination of keywords such as RD, diagnosis, vitamin D, mothers, infants, vitamin D supplementation, Respiratory distress syndrome(RDS), and Transient Tachypnea of Newborn (TTN). The search was carried out until March 2024.The level of vitamin D in both mothers and their infants was systematically extracted and analyzed to determine the diagnostic efficacy of Vit. D levels. The mean difference (MD) was calculated along with a 95% confidence interval to determine the association between the Vit. D levels in newborns and their mothers and the likelihood of RD, RDS and TTN in infants. To assess potential publication bias, a funnel plot was generated and Egger’s regression test was applied, utilizing a random-effects model.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Initially a total of 298 relevant articles was retrieved. Among them, 17 articles with a total of 1,582 infants (745 cases and 837 healthy controls) met the criteria as eligible studies. Of these six were prospective cohort studies, four retrospective case-control studies, four randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and three descriptive-analytical studies. The &lt;em&gt;meta&lt;/em&gt;-results revealed a significant association between Vit. D levels and risk of RD in infants (MD = 6.240, 95 %CI: 4.840–7.840, P &lt; 0.001) and mothers (MD = 8.053, 95 %CI: 4.920–11.186, P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, a strong association was found for risk of RDS (MD = 5.493, 95 %CI: 3.356–7.631, P &lt; 0.001) in infants and TTN (MD = 6.672, 95 %CI: 4.072–9.272, P &lt; 0.001), (MD = 8.595, 95%CI: 4.604-12.586, P &lt; 0.001) both in infants and mothers. Administering 50,000 units of vitamin D to mothers (MD = 8.595, 95 %CI: 4.604–12.586, P &lt; 0.001) prior to childbirth was observed to reduce the likelihood of RD in newborns by 64 % (RR = 0.36, 95 %CI: 0.23–0.57, P &lt; 0.001). Supplemental vitamin D provided to infants was associated with several clinical benefits.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our &lt;em&gt;meta&lt;/em&gt;-results indicated ","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Pages 44-54"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-tuberculosis lung disease in children and adolescents: A scoping review of definitions, measuring tools, and research gaps","authors":"Esin Nkereuwem ,&nbsp;Sheila Ageiwaa Owusu ,&nbsp;Victory Fabian Edem ,&nbsp;Beate Kampmann ,&nbsp;Toyin Togun","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB) survivors, especially children and adolescents, can develop chronic respiratory problems called post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD). We conducted a scoping review to identify the current knowledge gaps on PTLD definitions, measuring tools, and research specific to this age group. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL, and Web of Science for studies published between January 1, 2000, and March 1, 2024, and identified 16 studies.</div><div>Our review found that no consistent definition of PTLD was used in the studies, and the measurement tools used varied widely. Moreover, there was a lack of research on children under five years old, who are disproportionately affected by TB. Also, symptom screening tools designed for adults were frequently used in these studies, raising concerns about their accuracy in detecting PTLD in children and adolescents.</div><div>Several critical research gaps require attention to improve our understanding and treatment of PTLD. Firstly, the use of inconsistent definitions of PTLD across studies makes it challenging to compare research findings and gain a clear understanding of the condition. Therefore, we need to include an objective measurement of respiratory health, such as a comprehensive post-TB lung function assessment for children and adolescents. It is also crucial to determine the optimal timing and frequency of post-TB assessments for effective PTLD detection. Furthermore, we need more knowledge of the modifiable risk factors for PTLD. The scarcity of prospective studies makes it difficult to establish causality and track the long-term course of the disease in children and adolescents. Finally, current approaches to PTLD management often fail to consider patient-reported outcomes and strategies for social support. Addressing these research gaps in future studies can improve our understanding and management of paediatric PTLD, leading to better long-term health outcomes for this vulnerable population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Pages 55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141843666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetics of childhood tuberculosis: A scoping review.","authors":"Michely Alexandrino Pinheiro Mascarenhas, Rafaela Baroni Aurilio, Gustavo Guida Godinho da Fonseca, Gilberto Bueno Fischer, Clemax Couto Sant'Anna, Paulo Camargos","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The social determinants of tuberculosis (TB) are well established. However, evidence indicates that genetic variants may also significantly influence an individual's susceptibility to or resistance to TB. The risk of TB is connected to polymorphisms in genes related to immunity and inflammation. While there is a growing body of evidence regarding the effect of candidate genes on the host immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in adults, available information on children remains limited. To investigate this topic, we searched electronic databases, including PubMed Central, the Virtual Health Library (encompassing MEDLINE, Lilacs, and WPRIM), Scopus, Scielo, EBSCOhost, and Embase. After applying the relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria, we identified 24 eligible studies. These studies aimed to explain how specific genetic variations may affect predisposition to Mtb infection, their critical role in modulating the immune response, and their impact on the clinical progression of TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cleft palate surgery and speech outcomes in children with Robin sequence.","authors":"Curtis Budden, Loredana Cuglietta, Amir Sadri","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Robin sequence (RS) is diagnosed by the clinical triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction. The reported occurrence is variable and noted in 1:8,500 to 1:20,000 live births. Although advances in perinatal imaging, neonatal resuscitation, non-invasive respiratory support and surgical techniques can mitigate against adverse outcomes, there remains much debate as to the best treatment for children born with RS. This review will outline surgical treatment of cleft palate and speech outcomes for children with RS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe asthma in adolescents: Clinical implications and beyond.","authors":"Francesca Bonomo, Giuliana Ferrante, Michele Piazza, Laura Tenero, Marco Zaffanello, Giorgio Piacentini","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe asthma affects about 6.7% of adolescents worldwide, posing a substantial burden on their physical and psychosocial well-being. The impact of severe asthma on adolescents is multifaceted, with several factors that contribute to this burden, such as comorbidities including obesity, dysfunctional breathing, sleep-disordered breathing and mental health issues. Moreover, daily therapy management is often complex and may require lifestyle modification that could lead to a failure in treatment adherence and to peer-related stressors such as feelings of exclusion. Furthermore, adolescents with severe asthma are prone to risk-taking behaviours, including vaping and substance misuse. While current management strategies often fail to account for their developmental stage, digital technologies offer novel solutions to improve disease management. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted impact of severe asthma on adolescents, addressing the main clinical management issues and exploring the role of innovative digital tools to enhance asthma management in this critical population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and interventional paediatric bronchoscopy in low and middle-income countries.","authors":"Pierre Goussard, Ernst Eber, Lisa Frigati, Leonore Greybe, Shyam Sunder B Venkatakrishna, Jacques Janson, Zane Ismail, Andre Gie, Delano Rhode, Pawel Schubert, Marc Merven, Savvas Andronikou","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the role of both diagnostic and interventional paediatric bronchoscopy in the management of respiratory diseases in children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A review of published English literature from January 2014 to February 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Indications for bronchoscopy in LMICs will vary depending on the burden of infectious diseases like tuberculosis (TB) and HIV, and the expertise and equipment available. TB diagnosis in children remains challenging due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease and its overlap with other infectious diseases like actinomycosis and echinococcosis. Acquired conditions, such as foreign body (FB) inhalation, present late with a high complication rate, making them challenging to manage. Paediatric bronchoscopy has an important role in the diagnoses, management and follow-up of many of these conditions. Interventional procedures like endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), radial EBUS and cryotherapy enhance diagnostic and management capabilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children in LMICs are affected by both infectious and acquired conditions. Bronchoscopy remains expensive with limited training offered in LMICs but is increasingly recognised for its important diagnostic and therapeutic role.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea assessment: Integrating artificial intelligence, biomarkers, and more.","authors":"Mon Ohn, Kathleen J Maddison, Jennifer H Walsh, Britta S von Ungern-Sternberg","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessing obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in children involves various methodologies, including sleep studies, nocturnal oximetry, and clinical evaluations. Previous literature has extensively discussed these traditional methods. Despite this, there is no consensus on the optimal screening method for childhood OSA, further complicated by the complexity and limited availability of diagnostic polysomnography (PSG). Recent advancements, such as the integration of artificial intelligence, biomarkers, 3D facial photography, and wearable technology, offer promising alternatives for early detection and more accurate diagnosis of OSA in children. This article provides a comprehensive review of these innovative techniques, highlighting their potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and overcome the limitations of current methods. With an emphasis on cutting-edge technologies and emerging biomarkers, we discuss the future directions for paediatric OSA assessments and their potential to revolutionise clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative review of clinical prediction models for paediatric community acquired pneumonia","authors":"Chris A. Rees ,&nbsp;Stuart Haggie ,&nbsp;Todd A. Florin","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a disease experienced by children the world over, though CAP-related morbidity and mortality differ markedly between low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). Thus, setting-specific clinical prediction models are needed to identify children at risk for CAP-related morbidity and mortality. Here, we outline published clinical prediction models from LMICs and HICs for pediatric CAP-related outcomes. To date, there have been four clinical prediction models to predict treatment failure, two to predict a composite outcome of poor outcomes, and eight models for mortality prediction for CAP in LMICs. No prediction models developed in LMICs had publications that described their impact on clinical care through implementation. In HICs, to date there are three published clinical prediction models evaluating disease severity and one examining the need for major medical interventions. While clinical prediction models described in this review provide a strong foundation for risk stratification for children with CAP in HICs, there is a need for widespread external validation and implementation of optimally performing models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}