Paediatric Respiratory Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Virtues of PEEP in the PICU and beyond","authors":"Henry Rozycki , Brigitte Fauroux","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"49 ","pages":"Page 1"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139020477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bronchoscopy findings in children with congenital lung and lower airway abnormalities","authors":"Pierre Goussard ,&nbsp;Ernst Eber ,&nbsp;Shyam Venkatakrishna ,&nbsp;Jacques Janson ,&nbsp;Pawel Schubert ,&nbsp;Savvas Andronikou","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Congenital lung and lower airway abnormalities are rare, but they are an important differential diagnosis in children with respiratory diseases, especially if the disease is recurrent or does not resolve. The factors determining the time of presentation of congenital airway pathologies include the severity of narrowing, association with other lesions and the presence or absence of congenital heart disease (CHD). Bronchoscopy is required in these cases to assess the airway early after birth or when intubation and ventilation are difficult or not possible. Many of these conditions have associated abnormalities that must be diagnosed early, as this determines surgical interventions. It may be necessary to combine imaging and bronchoscopy findings in these children to determine the correct diagnosis as well as in operative management. Endoscopic interventional procedures may be needed in many of these conditions, ranging from intubation to balloon dilatations and aortopexy. This review will describe the bronchoscopic findings in children with congenital lung and lower airway abnormalities, illustrate how bronchoscopy can be used for diagnosis and highlight the role of interventional bronchoscopy in the management of these conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 43-61"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1526054223000672/pdfft?md5=2866cfc676d1da08cbce77e87abfff92&pid=1-s2.0-S1526054223000672-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of respiratory virus types with clinical features in bronchiolitis: Implications for virus testing strategies. A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Dominika Ambrożej ,&nbsp;Izabela Orzołek ,&nbsp;Heidi Makrinioti ,&nbsp;Jose A. Castro-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Carlos A. Camargo Jr. ,&nbsp;Kohei Hasegawa ,&nbsp;Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos ,&nbsp;James E. Gern ,&nbsp;Gustavo Nino ,&nbsp;Luiz Vicente Ribeiro Ferreira da Silva Filho ,&nbsp;Aya Takeyama ,&nbsp;Özlem Üzüm ,&nbsp;Aleksander Adamiec ,&nbsp;Marek Ruszczyński ,&nbsp;Tuomas Jartti ,&nbsp;Wojciech Feleszko","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of infant hospitalization, linked to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV). Guidelines lack specific viral testing for bronchiolitis management. To establish effective management strategies, it is crucial to assess whether specific respiratory virus types are correlated with distinct examination features.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Through a systematic search of three databases, 21 studies were qualitatively analyzed, with 18 used for meta-analysis. Various outcomes like wheezing on auscultation, fever, atopic traits, and infection severity were evaluated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>RSV-positive bronchiolitis was associated with a higher need for oxygen supplementation (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.04–3.02) in 5 studies, while RV-positive bronchiolitis was more frequently linked to personal history of eczema (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.41–0.88) in 6 studies. No significant differences were observed in the other outcomes examined.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Bronchiolitis caused by RSV or RV presents with similar clinical features. Despite the associations between RSV-positive bronchiolitis and need for oxygen supplementation, and RV-positive bronchiolitis and a history of eczema, our study shows that viral etiology of bronchiolitis cannot be determined solely based on clinical presentation.</p><p>Tailored management strategies, informed by accurate viral testing, seem crucial in clinical practice for enhancing patient outcomes in severe bronchiolitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1526054223000659/pdfft?md5=56f9302ce1ffb1be1dba39f1f50d236b&pid=1-s2.0-S1526054223000659-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41133208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When to panic about a panic attack: A challenging case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis","authors":"Timothy D. Hicks ,&nbsp;Deena Yousif ,&nbsp;Iris A. Perez ,&nbsp;Thomas G. Keens ,&nbsp;Manvi Bansal","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has created diagnostic difficulties with the increase in mental health illnesses that often present with nonspecific symptoms, like hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a complex syndrome of varying triggers, onset, severity, and clinical manifestations that can be challenging to diagnose in many cases. Typical symptoms are nonspecific and can be attributed to other entities. There are no pediatric guidelines, which contributes to diagnostic difficulties and delays in treatment. It is particularly important to avoid diagnostic biases, have an index of suspicion for hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and to develop pediatric guidelines as outcomes are excellent when diagnosed and treated promptly. This article discusses hypersensitivity pneumonitis with a focus on the causes, pathogenesis, diagnostic approach, outcomes, and prognosis while using a case to illustrate the diagnostic difficulties worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 20-23"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9519024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtues of PEEP in the PICU and beyond","authors":"Henry Rozycki, Brigitte Fauroux","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"254 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139017137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiology and management of respiratory infections in children with tracheostomy","authors":"F. Birru,&nbsp;C.A. Gerdung,&nbsp;M. Castro-Codesal","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tracheostomy-related respiratory infections are common, though the diagnosis and management can be challenging in children. The goal of this review article was to provide an overview of the current knowledge known about recognizing and treating respiratory infections in this population and to emphasize future areas for further research. While several small and retrospective papers attempt to provide information, there remain more questions than answers. We have reviewed ten published articles to understand this topic, bringing to light significant variation in clinical practices across institutions. While identifying the microbiology is important, it is also crucial to recognize when to treat. Differentiating acute infection, chronic infection, and colonization are important features that influence the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection in children with a tracheostomy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1526054223000337/pdfft?md5=943ffbe5b0129081fe4aa5a047bc621c&pid=1-s2.0-S1526054223000337-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9645043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on the use of bacteriophage in treating Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis","authors":"Jagdev Singh ,&nbsp;Eugene Yeoh ,&nbsp;Dominic A. Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;Hiran Selvadurai","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Respiratory infections caused by <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> are a major concern for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Bacteriophages, which are viruses that selectively target and kill bacteria, are being studied as an alternative treatment for these infections.</p><p>This systematic review evaluates the safety and effectiveness of bacteriophages for the treatment of CF-related infections caused by <em>S. aureus</em> and/or <em>P. aeruginosa</em>.</p><p>We conducted a search for original, published articles in the English language up to March 2023. Studies that administered bacteriophages via intravenous, nebulised, inhaled, or intranasal routes were included, with no comparators required. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies were eligible for inclusion, and only animal <em>in vivo</em> studies that utilised a CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) animal model were included.</p><p>Bacteriophage treatment resulted in a decrease in bacterial load in both humans and animals infected with <em>P. aeruginosa</em>. Complete eradication of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> was only observed in one human subject. Additionally, there was a reduction in biofilm, improvement in resistance profile, and reduced pulmonary exacerbations in individual case reports. Evidence suggests that bacteriophage therapy may be a promising treatment option for CF-related infections caused by <em>P. aeruginosa</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>. However, larger and more robust trials are needed to establish its safety and efficacy and create necessary evidence for global legislative frameworks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10084795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to residential mold and dampness and the associations with respiratory tract infections and symptoms thereof in children in high income countries: A systematic review and meta-analyses of epidemiological studies","authors":"Jonathan Groot ,&nbsp;Emilie Tange Nielsen ,&nbsp;Trine Fuhr Nielsen ,&nbsp;Per Kragh Andersen ,&nbsp;Marie Pedersen ,&nbsp;Torben Sigsgaard ,&nbsp;Steffen Loft ,&nbsp;Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen ,&nbsp;Amélie Keller","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Multiple reviews have been conducted on the associations between residential mold and dampness and respiratory outcomes in children, with few specifically investigating respiratory tract infections (RTIs).</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We aimed to review and synthesize the available epidemiological literature on mold and dampness and risk of RTIs and respiratory symptoms compatible with RTIs in children living in high-income countries.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We performed a systematic search of literature available from MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science for observational studies. We conducted <em>meta</em>-analyses using two-level random effects (RE) and multi-level random effects (ML) models for contrasts of three exposure and three outcome categories, including multiple estimates reported by single studies. We report central estimates for pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI).We conducted a risk of bias assessment using the Joanna Briggs Initiative (JBI) checklists for cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies. We additionally report on cumulative <em>meta</em>-analyses, leave-one-out analyses of single estimates, subgroup analyses by study quality and study design and inclusion of all effect estimates.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 932 studies initially screened by title and abstract, we included 30 studies with 267 effect estimates that met the inclusion criteria. Most were cross-sectional (n = 22), with fewer cohort (n = 5) and case-control (n = 3) studies. Most of the studies were according to the bias assessment of poor or fair quality (n = 24). The main <em>meta</em>-analyses generally provided similar results regardless of statistical model and central estimates ranged from OR 1.28 (95 % CI; 1.08, 1.53) for dampness and RTIs to OR 1.76 (95 % CI; 1.64, 1.88) for mold and respiratory symptoms. Most analyses were of moderate heterogeneity. Funnel plots did not indicate strong publication bias.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results are compatible with a weak to moderate effect of residential mold and or dampness on risk of RTIs in children in high-income countries. However, these results are based primarily on cross-sectional studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 47-64"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1526054223000398/pdfft?md5=5453801eabd691b8e4106dd232f2dc2b&pid=1-s2.0-S1526054223000398-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9855614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The expectations of life depend upon diligence; the mechanic that would perfect his work must first sharpen his tools”","authors":"Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41148108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trials and tribulations of highly effective modulator therapies in cystic fibrosis","authors":"Nathan Lieu ,&nbsp;Bernadette J. Prentice ,&nbsp;Penelope Field ,&nbsp;Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Highly effective modulator therapies (HEMTs) have revolutionised the management approach of most patients living with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have access to these therapies. Clinical trials have reported significant improvements across multiorgan systems, with patients surviving longer. However, there are accumulating case reports and observational data describing various adverse events following initiation of HEMTs including drug-to-drug interactions, drug induced liver injury, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and neurocognitive symptoms including psychosis and depression, which have required discontinuation of therapy. Current clinical trials are assessing efficacy in younger patients with CF, yet long-term studies are also required to better understand the safety profile in the real-world setting across all ages and the impact of HEMT dose alteration or discontinuation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}