Paediatric Respiratory Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Association of respiratory virus types with clinical features in bronchiolitis: Implications for virus testing strategies. A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Dominika Ambrożej ,&nbsp;Izabela Orzołek ,&nbsp;Heidi Makrinioti ,&nbsp;Jose A. Castro-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Carlos A. Camargo Jr. ,&nbsp;Kohei Hasegawa ,&nbsp;Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos ,&nbsp;James E. Gern ,&nbsp;Gustavo Nino ,&nbsp;Luiz Vicente Ribeiro Ferreira da Silva Filho ,&nbsp;Aya Takeyama ,&nbsp;Özlem Üzüm ,&nbsp;Aleksander Adamiec ,&nbsp;Marek Ruszczyński ,&nbsp;Tuomas Jartti ,&nbsp;Wojciech Feleszko","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of infant hospitalization, linked to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV). Guidelines lack specific viral testing for bronchiolitis management. To establish effective management strategies, it is crucial to assess whether specific respiratory virus types are correlated with distinct examination features.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Through a systematic search of three databases, 21 studies were qualitatively analyzed, with 18 used for meta-analysis. Various outcomes like wheezing on auscultation, fever, atopic traits, and infection severity were evaluated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>RSV-positive bronchiolitis was associated with a higher need for oxygen supplementation (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.04–3.02) in 5 studies, while RV-positive bronchiolitis was more frequently linked to personal history of eczema (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.41–0.88) in 6 studies. No significant differences were observed in the other outcomes examined.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Bronchiolitis caused by RSV or RV presents with similar clinical features. Despite the associations between RSV-positive bronchiolitis and need for oxygen supplementation, and RV-positive bronchiolitis and a history of eczema, our study shows that viral etiology of bronchiolitis cannot be determined solely based on clinical presentation.</p><p>Tailored management strategies, informed by accurate viral testing, seem crucial in clinical practice for enhancing patient outcomes in severe bronchiolitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1526054223000659/pdfft?md5=56f9302ce1ffb1be1dba39f1f50d236b&pid=1-s2.0-S1526054223000659-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41133208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise testing for young athletes","authors":"H. Fitzgerald, D.A. Fitzgerald, H. Selvadurai","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With increasing competitiveness across the sporting landscape, there is a need for more research into monitoring and managing the young athlete, as the needs of a young athlete are vastly different to those of an older athlete who is already established in their respective sport. As the age of sports specialisation seems to decrease, exercise testing in the younger cohort of athletes is crucial for safety and long-term success. This article provides a comprehensive summary of available testing and monitoring methods that can be used to assist young athletes as they mature and attempt to excel in their chosen sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"35 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138818971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When to panic about a panic attack: A challenging case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis","authors":"Timothy D. Hicks ,&nbsp;Deena Yousif ,&nbsp;Iris A. Perez ,&nbsp;Thomas G. Keens ,&nbsp;Manvi Bansal","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has created diagnostic difficulties with the increase in mental health illnesses that often present with nonspecific symptoms, like hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a complex syndrome of varying triggers, onset, severity, and clinical manifestations that can be challenging to diagnose in many cases. Typical symptoms are nonspecific and can be attributed to other entities. There are no pediatric guidelines, which contributes to diagnostic difficulties and delays in treatment. It is particularly important to avoid diagnostic biases, have an index of suspicion for hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and to develop pediatric guidelines as outcomes are excellent when diagnosed and treated promptly. This article discusses hypersensitivity pneumonitis with a focus on the causes, pathogenesis, diagnostic approach, outcomes, and prognosis while using a case to illustrate the diagnostic difficulties worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 20-23"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9519024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtues of PEEP in the PICU and beyond","authors":"Henry Rozycki, Brigitte Fauroux","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"254 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139017137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiology and management of respiratory infections in children with tracheostomy","authors":"F. Birru,&nbsp;C.A. Gerdung,&nbsp;M. Castro-Codesal","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tracheostomy-related respiratory infections are common, though the diagnosis and management can be challenging in children. The goal of this review article was to provide an overview of the current knowledge known about recognizing and treating respiratory infections in this population and to emphasize future areas for further research. While several small and retrospective papers attempt to provide information, there remain more questions than answers. We have reviewed ten published articles to understand this topic, bringing to light significant variation in clinical practices across institutions. While identifying the microbiology is important, it is also crucial to recognize when to treat. Differentiating acute infection, chronic infection, and colonization are important features that influence the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection in children with a tracheostomy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1526054223000337/pdfft?md5=943ffbe5b0129081fe4aa5a047bc621c&pid=1-s2.0-S1526054223000337-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9645043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on the use of bacteriophage in treating Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis","authors":"Jagdev Singh ,&nbsp;Eugene Yeoh ,&nbsp;Dominic A. Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;Hiran Selvadurai","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Respiratory infections caused by <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> are a major concern for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Bacteriophages, which are viruses that selectively target and kill bacteria, are being studied as an alternative treatment for these infections.</p><p>This systematic review evaluates the safety and effectiveness of bacteriophages for the treatment of CF-related infections caused by <em>S. aureus</em> and/or <em>P. aeruginosa</em>.</p><p>We conducted a search for original, published articles in the English language up to March 2023. Studies that administered bacteriophages via intravenous, nebulised, inhaled, or intranasal routes were included, with no comparators required. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies were eligible for inclusion, and only animal <em>in vivo</em> studies that utilised a CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) animal model were included.</p><p>Bacteriophage treatment resulted in a decrease in bacterial load in both humans and animals infected with <em>P. aeruginosa</em>. Complete eradication of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> was only observed in one human subject. Additionally, there was a reduction in biofilm, improvement in resistance profile, and reduced pulmonary exacerbations in individual case reports. Evidence suggests that bacteriophage therapy may be a promising treatment option for CF-related infections caused by <em>P. aeruginosa</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>. However, larger and more robust trials are needed to establish its safety and efficacy and create necessary evidence for global legislative frameworks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10084795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to residential mold and dampness and the associations with respiratory tract infections and symptoms thereof in children in high income countries: A systematic review and meta-analyses of epidemiological studies","authors":"Jonathan Groot ,&nbsp;Emilie Tange Nielsen ,&nbsp;Trine Fuhr Nielsen ,&nbsp;Per Kragh Andersen ,&nbsp;Marie Pedersen ,&nbsp;Torben Sigsgaard ,&nbsp;Steffen Loft ,&nbsp;Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen ,&nbsp;Amélie Keller","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Multiple reviews have been conducted on the associations between residential mold and dampness and respiratory outcomes in children, with few specifically investigating respiratory tract infections (RTIs).</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We aimed to review and synthesize the available epidemiological literature on mold and dampness and risk of RTIs and respiratory symptoms compatible with RTIs in children living in high-income countries.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We performed a systematic search of literature available from MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science for observational studies. We conducted <em>meta</em>-analyses using two-level random effects (RE) and multi-level random effects (ML) models for contrasts of three exposure and three outcome categories, including multiple estimates reported by single studies. We report central estimates for pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI).We conducted a risk of bias assessment using the Joanna Briggs Initiative (JBI) checklists for cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies. We additionally report on cumulative <em>meta</em>-analyses, leave-one-out analyses of single estimates, subgroup analyses by study quality and study design and inclusion of all effect estimates.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 932 studies initially screened by title and abstract, we included 30 studies with 267 effect estimates that met the inclusion criteria. Most were cross-sectional (n = 22), with fewer cohort (n = 5) and case-control (n = 3) studies. Most of the studies were according to the bias assessment of poor or fair quality (n = 24). The main <em>meta</em>-analyses generally provided similar results regardless of statistical model and central estimates ranged from OR 1.28 (95 % CI; 1.08, 1.53) for dampness and RTIs to OR 1.76 (95 % CI; 1.64, 1.88) for mold and respiratory symptoms. Most analyses were of moderate heterogeneity. Funnel plots did not indicate strong publication bias.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results are compatible with a weak to moderate effect of residential mold and or dampness on risk of RTIs in children in high-income countries. However, these results are based primarily on cross-sectional studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 47-64"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1526054223000398/pdfft?md5=5453801eabd691b8e4106dd232f2dc2b&pid=1-s2.0-S1526054223000398-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9855614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The expectations of life depend upon diligence; the mechanic that would perfect his work must first sharpen his tools”","authors":"Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41148108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trials and tribulations of highly effective modulator therapies in cystic fibrosis","authors":"Nathan Lieu ,&nbsp;Bernadette J. Prentice ,&nbsp;Penelope Field ,&nbsp;Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Highly effective modulator therapies (HEMTs) have revolutionised the management approach of most patients living with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have access to these therapies. Clinical trials have reported significant improvements across multiorgan systems, with patients surviving longer. However, there are accumulating case reports and observational data describing various adverse events following initiation of HEMTs including drug-to-drug interactions, drug induced liver injury, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and neurocognitive symptoms including psychosis and depression, which have required discontinuation of therapy. Current clinical trials are assessing efficacy in younger patients with CF, yet long-term studies are also required to better understand the safety profile in the real-world setting across all ages and the impact of HEMT dose alteration or discontinuation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin-like growth factor-1 replacement therapy after extremely premature birth: An opportunity to optimize lifelong lung health by preserving the natural sequence of lung development","authors":"Boris W. Kramer ,&nbsp;Steven Abman ,&nbsp;Mandy Daly ,&nbsp;Alan H. Jobe ,&nbsp;Victoria Niklas","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The past decades have seen markedly improved survival of increasingly immature preterm infants, yet major health complications persist. This is particularly true for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the </span>chronic lung disease<span><span> of prematurity, which has become the most common sequelae of prematurity and a significant predictor of respiratory morbidity throughout childhood as well as adult life, neurodevelopmental disability, cardiovascular disease, and even death. The need for novel approaches to reduce BPD and related complications of prematurity has never been more critical. Thus, despite major advances in the use of </span>antenatal steroids<span>, surfactant therapy<span>, and improvements in respiratory support, there is a persistent need for developing therapeutic strategies that more specifically reflect our growing understanding of BPD in the </span></span></span></span><em>post-surfactant</em><span><span><span> age, or the “new BPD.” In contrast with the severe lung injury leading to marked fibroproliferative disease from the past, the “new BPD” is primarily characterized by an arrest of lung development as related to more extreme prematurity. This distinction and the continued high incidence of BPD and related sequelae suggest the need to identify therapies that target critical mechanisms that support lung growth and maturation in conjunction with treatments<span> to improve respiratory outcomes across the lifespan. As the prevention of BPD and its severity remains a primary goal, we highlight the concept from preclinical and early clinical observations that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) can potentially support the natural sequence of lung growth as a replacement therapy after preterm birth. Data supporting this hypothesis are robust and include observations that low IGF-1 levels persist after extremely preterm birth in human infants and strong preclinical data from experimental models of BPD highlight the therapeutic benefit of IGF-1 in reducing disease. Importantly, phase 2a clinical data in extremely premature infants where replacement of IGF-1 with a human recombinant human IGF-1 complexed with its main IGF-1 binding </span></span>protein 3<span>, significantly reduced the most severe form of BPD, which is strongly associated with multiple morbidities that have lifelong consequences. As physiologic replacement therapy of surfactant heralded the success of reducing </span></span>acute respiratory distress syndrome<span> in preterm infants, the paradigm has the potential to become the platform for discovering the next generation of therapies like IGF-1, which becomes deficient after extremely premature birth where endogenous production by the infant is not sufficient to maintain the physiologic levels adequate to support normal organ development and maturation.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9568802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}