Paediatric Respiratory Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Pulmonary manifestations of Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1b: A systematic review of the literature","authors":"Anastasios-Panagiotis Chantzaras ,&nbsp;Panagiota Panagiotou ,&nbsp;Georgia Koltsida ,&nbsp;Angeliki Moudaki ,&nbsp;Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein ,&nbsp;Athanasios G. Kaditis","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1b (PHA1B) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by dysfunction of amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channels (ENaC), that might present with a wide variety of pulmonary symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We provide a systematic review of published cases with PHA1B and respiratory symptoms, adding a relevant case from our clinic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-seven publications presenting 61 cases were identified apart from our case. Parental consanguinity was reported in 24/62 patients. In 39 patients the onset of pulmonary manifestations was early in infancy. Lower respiratory tract infections caused by <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> were reported in 3 cases each, while 2 patients developed bronchiectasis. Pathological sweat test results were recorded in all 34 patients with available data. In 36/47 patients the underlying pathogenic variant was identified in <em>SCNN1A</em> gene.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>High clinical suspicion is required when treating patients with PHA1B for the potential need for early treatment of respiratory symptoms to avert any permanent pulmonary damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 52-61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of video laryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy for urgent intubation in newborn infants: A meta-analysis","authors":"Wenhao Xu ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Wan ,&nbsp;Qingyu Bao ,&nbsp;Ruixia Yu ,&nbsp;Yuxin Zheng ,&nbsp;Xingyu Kuang ,&nbsp;Yulin Li ,&nbsp;Zhicheng He ,&nbsp;Jorge Luis Cuyubamba Dominguez ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Securing a stable airway is a critical component in neonatal resuscitation. Compared to direct laryngoscopy, video laryngoscopy provides improved visualization of the glottis, potentially enhancing the success rate of intubation. This systematic review and <em>meta</em>-analysis were conducted to assess and compare the efficacy and safety of video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy in neonatal intubation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A thorough search was performed across CENTRAL, Embase, and PubMed databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the use of video laryngoscopy in comparison with direct laryngoscopy for neonatal intubation. The data extraction and analysis were conducted in alignment with Cochrane guidelines. The primary outcome of interest was the time required for intubation, while secondary outcomes included the number of intubation attempts and the success rate on the first attempt.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The <em>meta</em>-analysis included nine RCTs, encompassing a total of 719 neonates. The findings revealed that video laryngoscopy was associated with a longer intubation time (mean difference [MD] 3.23 s, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.42 to 4.04; I² = 96 %). However, it also significantly improved the first-attempt success rate (risk ratio [RR] 1.31, 95 % CI 1.20 to 1.44; I² = 76 %) and borderline reduced the total number of intubation attempts (MD −0.08, 95 % CI −0.15 to 0.00; I² = 53 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While video laryngoscopy is associated with a modest increase in intubation time, it provides clear benefits by enhancing the success rate of first-attempt intubations and reducing the need for multiple attempts in neonatal intubation procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 28-34"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of imaging in the diagnosis and management of complicated paediatric pneumonia","authors":"Wendy E. Huang ,&nbsp;Joan A. Matifoll ,&nbsp;David Lord ,&nbsp;Stuart Haggie","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paediatric pneumonia and its complications present substantial health and economic challenges. While chest radiographs are commonly used as the initial imaging modality for diagnosing uncomplicated pneumonia, they are less effective for complicated cases. In response, various imaging techniques, such as lung ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and chest MRI, have been integrated into clinical practice to enhance diagnosis and guide management decisions. No definitive gold standard exists for imaging complicated paediatric pneumonia and clinicians may find it challenging to choose the best imaging technique for a given clinical scenario. In this review we describe the available imaging options relevant for the management of paediatric pneumonia and evaluate the strengths and limitations of each modality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of highly effective modulator therapy on gastrointestinal symptoms and features in people with cystic fibrosis","authors":"Martina Cecchetti ,&nbsp;Luca Scarallo ,&nbsp;Paolo Lionetti ,&nbsp;Chee Y. Ooi ,&nbsp;Vito Terlizzi","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT), particularly the triple combination elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI), significantly improved clinical outcomes and quality of life in people with Cystic Fibrosis (pwCF). This review analyzes current knowledge on the impact of HEMTs on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and features in pwCF. A descriptive review of English literature until February 29, 2024, was conducted using medical databases. Observational studies and clinical trials addressing GI reflux disease (GERD), lower GI symptoms and pancreatic disease were considered.</div><div>Studies report positive effects of HEMTs on pH levels and bicarbonate secretion as well as improvement on intestinal inflammation. HEMTs also demonstrated positive effects on GERD and lower GI symptoms or conditions CF related such as dysbiosis. Taking ETI during pregnancy could also allow resolution of meconium ileus in fetuses with CF. The best benefits were observed in pancreatic function, potentially delaying CF-related diabetes and recovering pancreatic function in some children on ETI. Larger trials, particularly in pediatric populations, need to confirm these findings and explore long-term effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 70-75"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current approaches to the patent ductus arteriosus: Implications for pulmonary morbidities.","authors":"Sarah Spenard, Carl Backes, Dominic A Fitzgerald, Guilherme Sant'Anna, Gabriel Altit","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The natural closure of the ductus arteriosus is often delayed in premature newborns, especially in the most immature ones, and a significant left-to-right shunt volume raises concerns about pulmonary overcirculation, steal of systemic blood flow, and its potential contribution to neonatal respiratory morbidities such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Extremely low gestational age and long duration of mechanical ventilation may influence the relationship between the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and BPD. Decades of research has employed various pharmacologic approaches including NSAIDs and acetaminophen administered based on diverse criteria and using various timing, dose, and route combinations. Unfortunately, none of these interventions has consistently demonstrated meaningful improvements in clinical outcomes. Instead, these treatments inconsistently achieve PDA closure or restriction of flow through the ductus and are often associated with adverse effects. Thus, the lack of clear benefit from available treatments, coupled with the potential for harm, has prompted many centers to adopt conservative or expectant management of the PDA while awaiting novel strategies that could offer improved efficacy and safety. This review explores the associations between PDA and pulmonary outcomes of prematurity, reflecting on past research and outlining potential future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of dry powder inhalers in maintenance treatment and in treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma in children.","authors":"Helen Twohig, Lauren Franklin, Will Carroll, Nadia Corp, Emma Jackson, Christian Mallen, Bernice Ruan, Louisa Yapp, Danielle Van Der Windt, James Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are a lower-carbon option than pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs). However, DPIs require a forceful inhalation to achieve good lung deposition and there is uncertainty as to whether younger children can effectively use DPIs for maintenance treatment or rely upon them during exacerbations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched electronic databases to identify randomised trials of children with asthma receiving treatment delivered via DPI, either for maintenance treatment (children ≤ 12 years) or for an acute exacerbation (participants up to age 18). Screening and data extraction were carried out by two reviewers. Risk of bias (RoB) assessment was made using the Cochrane RoB2 tool. Findings were narratively synthesised and a modified GRADE approach was taken to summarise the strength of evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>27 studies were included. 20 addressed maintenance treatment in children ≤ 12 years although only 4 compared the same treatment delivered via pMDI to DPI. All found no difference in efficacy between the device types (high certainty evidence). Other studies provided weaker, indirect evidence supporting this finding. 7 studies considered acute asthma in hospital/emergency settings. All reported no difference in efficacy between device types but certainty of evidence was low due to high RoB and clinical and methodological heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are few studies directly comparing treatment via DPI/pMDI for asthma in children. Comparative studies suggest that for children who can use both DPI/pMDI, the devices are equal in efficacy for maintenance treatment in children ≤ 12 years but high-quality evidence is lacking regarding their use during acute exacerbations. This review did not find sufficient evidence to identify a lower age at which DPIs can start being used.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post COVID-19 pandemic consequences for children","authors":"Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change and children’s respiratory health","authors":"Camille Bignier ,&nbsp;Lucile Havet ,&nbsp;Margot Brisoux ,&nbsp;Céline Omeiche ,&nbsp;Swati Misra ,&nbsp;Apolline Gonsard ,&nbsp;David Drummond","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change has significant consequences for children’s respiratory health. Rising temperatures and extreme weather events increase children’s exposure to allergens, mould, and air pollutants. Children are particularly vulnerable to these airborne particles due to their higher ventilation per unit of body weight, more frequent mouth breathing, and outdoor activities. Children with asthma and cystic fibrosis are at particularly high risk, with increased risks of exacerbation, but the effects of climate change could also be observed in the general population, with a risk of impaired lung development and growth. Mitigation measures, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions by healthcare professionals and healthcare systems, and adaptation measures, such as limiting outdoor activities during pollution peaks, are essential to preserve children’s respiratory health. The mobilisation of society as a whole, including paediatricians, is crucial to limit the impact of climate change on children’s respiratory health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Pages 64-73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longer term psychological trauma following the COVID-19 pandemic for children and families","authors":"Kenneth Nunn ,&nbsp;Dominic A. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The psychological trauma following COVID-19 has been lengthy and fraught for some children and their families. The specific problems encountered by children rendered helpless and hopeless by watching others suffer, vicarious traumatisation, is explained in brief as it represents a central motif in clinical work in psychology. This paper will focus on what is known of the nature of psychological trauma in children and families with a focus on the individual clinical manifestations of personal significance. As a backdrop, consideration will be given to the epidemiological trends of psychological morbidity in and around the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the article seeks to provide readers with an appreciation of the dimensions of the neural legacy of COVID-19, a form of neurodisability developing in vulnerable children at a point in time, that is likely to emerge in children suffering an enduring trauma response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Pages 23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of post COVID syndrome pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management in children and young people","authors":"Rebecca Johnston ,&nbsp;Samatha Sonnappa ,&nbsp;Anne-Lise Goddings ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Whittaker ,&nbsp;Terry Y Segal","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post Covid Syndrome (PCS) is a complex multi-system disorder with a spectrum of presentations. Severity ranges from mild to very severe with variable duration of illness and recovery. This paper discusses the difficulties defining and describing PCS. We review the current understanding of PCS, epidemiology, and predisposing factors. We consider potential mechanisms including viral persistence, clotting dysfunction and immunity. We review presentation and diagnosis and finally consider management strategies including addressing symptom burden, rehabilitation, and novel therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Pages 14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139498464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}