Ophthalmology and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Parainflammation in the Ocular System: Considerations on the Underlying Mechanisms and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.","authors":"Stefano Barabino, Pasquale Aragona, Christophe Baudouin, Kostas Boboridis, José Salgado-Borges, Jose M Benitez-Del-Castillo, Elisabeth M Messmer, Adriana Stanila, Jutta Horwath-Winter, Edward Wylegala, Maurizio Rolando","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01115-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-025-01115-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The transition from regulated to dysregulated parainflammation is a new concept that needs to be elucidated to clarify the pathogenesis of dry eye disease (DED). This review summarizes the recent evidence about mechanisms that could lead to dysregulated parainflammation, proposing a new hypothesis to correlate this process with the progression to chronic inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A group of European experts on DED participated in a roundtable to discuss the role of parainflammation in the most common ocular diseases with regard to DED. Starting from the roundtable contents, a narrative review was conducted through a PubMed search based on the main topics discussed, namely: parainflammation, dysfunctional parainflammation, tear film lipid and mucin alterations, and tear cortisol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parainflammation is involved in different ocular pathologies and is characterized by the involvement of the immune system and complement factors. In DED, continuous and persistent insults are responsible for the qualitative and quantitative alteration of the lipid and mucin components of the tear film. In addition, other contributing factors have recently been described, such as the reduction of cortisol synthesis by corneal epithelial cells. This altered condition leads to excessive macrophage activity, releasing cytokines and adhesion molecules, losing tissue homeostasis, and possibly progressing to chronic inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Literature evidence supports the crucial role of parainflammation and its usefulness in improving the diagnosis and treatment of DED. At the same time, further investigations are necessary to better define the transition from functional to dysfunctional parainflammation, including the role of ocular surface components other than the tear film.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"883-895"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimal Gas Vitrectomy and As-Needed Positioning Duration for Idiopathic Macular Holes.","authors":"Yodpong Chantarasorn, Thanaporn Kritfuangfoo, Itsara Pokawattana, Kornwipa Hemarat, Chosita Tangjitwilaikul","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01114-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-025-01114-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate postoperative outcomes of minimal gas vitrectomy (MGV) combined with a reduced period of gas-fovea contact in the management of idiopathic full-thickness macular holes (MHs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent surgery for MHs with minimal hole diameters of 250-800 µm and categorized them into two groups: conventional fluid-gas exchange (FGX) (38 eyes) and MGV (28 eyes), with FGX replaced by a 1.0-1.2 mL injection of pure sulfur hexafluoride after internal limiting membrane peeling. Postoperatively, patients in the MGV group were kept in a face-down position, switching to face-forward or no positioning (pseudophakia) once MH closure was confirmed by optical coherence tomography, performed every few days during the first postoperative week. The maximum duration of face-down positioning was 5 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups except for the proportion of combined cataract surgery and the use of non-expansile gas, which were higher in the FGX group. Prone positioning time in the MGV group was shorter than that in the control group (3.8 days vs. 11.9 days). Subfoveal fluid pocket was present in 73.0% and 5.2% of eyes in the MGV and FGX groups, respectively. Twenty-seven eyes (96.4%) in the MGV group showed MH closure within 3 months. At 12 months, compared to the FGX group, the MGV group exhibited less disruption of the ellipsoidal zone (28.5% vs. 57.8%), superior visual acuity (0.33 ± 0.18 vs. 0.54 ± 0.28), and comparable MH closure rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the treatment of medium-sized MHs, when compared to the FGX method, the use of a smaller volume of gas tamponade may be associated with earlier photoreceptor restoration. This method individualized prone positioning period without an immediate impact on central vision post surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"923-939"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Quantum Molecular Resonance Electrotherapy in Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.","authors":"Antonio Ballesteros-Sánchez, Carlos Rocha-de-Lossada, José-María Sánchez-González, Giovanni Roberto Tedesco, Davide Borroni","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01133-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-025-01133-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of quantum molecular resonance (QMR) electrotherapy in patients with dry eye disease (DED).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review with meta-analysis, reporting the effects of QMR electrotherapy in three databases, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, was performed according to the PRISMA statement with a search period ending on December 24, 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven studies, including four open-label, non-comparative trials and three randomized controlled studies (RCTs), were included. Although all studies reported significant improvements in most outcome measures after QMR electrotherapy, the meta-analysis indicated that overall efficacy did not significantly favor either group when comparing QMR electrotherapy to controls (SMD 0.40; 95% CI - 0.06 to 0.86; P = 0.09; I² = 85%). However, only the change in DED symptoms was significantly favorable for QMR electrotherapy compared to controls (SMD 0.69; 95% CI 0.30-1.08; P = 0.0005; I² = 28%). In sensitivity analyses, overall efficacy remained non-significant when comparing QMR electrotherapy to placebo QMR electrotherapy (SMD 0.14; 95% CI - 0.24 to 0.52; P = 0.46; I² = 65%). Additionally, changes in DED symptoms, TBUT, ST, and CFS also showed no statistically significant differences between both groups. Regarding safety, most studies reported no AEs, with a satisfactory tolerability profile for QMR electrotherapy. However, a meta-analysis could not be performed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With the current scientific literature available to date, QMR electrotherapy seems to show some evidence of alleviating DED symptoms. However, evidence supporting its efficacy in improving DED signs and safety remains limited. Therefore, further RCTs with robust designs are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1111-1131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, Regional, and National Burden of Trachoma: Cross-Country Inequalities, 1990-2021, with Projections to 2040.","authors":"Yang Meng, Furong Li, Shun Zeng, Chaoqun Liang, Wei Chi","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01102-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-025-01102-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this work, we aim to evaluate the trends and cross-country inequalities of the global trachoma burden from 1990 to 2021 and to project its burden to 2040.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2021. Estimates for the prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of trachoma were extracted from the GBD 2021 database. Epidemiological characteristics of trachoma were reported at the global, regional, and national levels. Trend analysis, decomposition analysis, and health inequality analysis were used. The global trachoma burden was further projected to 2040 via Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Globally, 1,414,047 people were estimated to have trachoma in 2021, with an age-standardized prevalence rate of 16.37 per 100,000 population. Between 1990 and 2021, the prevalent cases and DALY numbers of trachoma decreased by 30.2% and 34.4%, respectively. In 2021, Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa was the region, and Ethiopia was the country with the highest number of trachoma cases. Decomposition analysis revealed that the reduction in the global burden was attributed primarily to epidemiological changes. From 1990 to 2021, countries with lower sociodemographic indices (SDIs) disproportionately bore the heaviest burden. While the prevalence and DALY rates are projected to decrease from 2022 to 2040, the prevalent cases and DALY numbers are expected to increase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Over the past three decades, the global burden of trachoma has decreased significantly, but SDI-related inequalities among countries have persisted. Despite reductions in the prevalence rate, the number of patients with trachoma is projected to increase from 2022 to 2040. Our study provides valuable insights into the elimination of trachoma worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1065-1079"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Crosslinking on Astigmatism Vector in Keratoconus: A Vector Analysis.","authors":"Susanne Marx-Gross, Anne J Winter, Daniel Wollschlaeger, Paul-Rolf Preussner","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01121-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-025-01121-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Corneal cross linking (CXL) is an appropriate method to treat progressive keratoconus in order to stop progression. Generally, the change in the maximum corneal power (Kmax), corneal thickness, and total astigmatism are assessed for progression analysis. The aim of this study is to answer the question of whether corneal astigmatism is suitable for quantifying keratoconus progression or demonstrating stability. To improve accuracy, we analyze astigmatism as a vector parameter in CXL follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective observational study analyzing a total of 74 eyes diagnosed with progressive keratoconus that received CXL treatment and had a follow-up period of at least 12 months, and in some cases, up to 5 years. In the Scheimpflug imaging examination (Pentacam^®), the focus was on the change of Kmax in diopter (D), astigmatism of the corneal front, and its vector parameter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preoperatively, we observed an increase in Kmax difference (KmaxD) (median +1.9 D ± standard deviation, SD 2.2) and astigmatism vector difference (AVD) (median +0.7 D ± SD 1.6) with a positive correlation, which establishes a treatment indication. The follow-up showed a stabilization of KmaxD and AVD after 12 months (median KmaxD -0.7 D, AVD -0.4), and over the periods of 3 and 5 years, a further stabilization of the curvature parameters with a lower number of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with an analysis of an absolute value only, the vector analysis of astigmatism allows a much more precise description of astigmatism in order to verify the effectiveness of CXL. Both astigmatism vector and Kmax preoperatively increased and stabilized potstoperatively. Astigmatism presumably has a significant effect on the quality of vision and should therefore also be used as an additional stability factor beside Kmax.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1081-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Multiwavelength Photobiomodulation Effective and Safe for Age-Related Macular Degeneration? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Kai-Yang Chen, Hung Kuan Lee, Hoi-Chun Chan, Chi-Ming Chan","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01119-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-025-01119-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the complications and effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy with sham treatment in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is a leading cause of visual impairment in older adults, with current treatments primarily focusing on symptom management. PBM therapy is emerging as a potential intervention to improve clinical and anatomical outcomes in patients with AMD, necessitating a comparative analysis with sham treatment to determine its efficacy and safety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted across PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library from inception to January 13, 2025. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) meeting predefined inclusion criteria were selected. Meta-analysis employed random-effects models. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using Cochrane tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of six studies, comprising 360 patients and 477 eyes, focused on PBM for dry AMD. Five studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) showed no significant improvement with PBM (SMD - 0.30, 95% CI - 0.85 to 0.26, p = 0.30), with high heterogeneity (I² = 83%). Macular drusen volume also showed no significant change (SMD - 0.08, 95% CI - 0.52 to 0.37, p = 0.74), with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 48%). A single study reported no significant effect on geographic atrophy (SMD - 0.28, 95% CI - 1.26 to 0.71, p = 0.58). Central subfield thickness (SMD 0.11, 95% CI - 0.25 to 0.47, p = 0.58) and microperimetry (SMD - 0.02, 95% CI - 0.48 to 0.44, p = 0.94) also showed no significant changes. The adverse events analysis indicated a statistically significant increase in adverse events in the sham group within 6 months (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29-0.82, p = 0.007), while the overall effect on adverse events was non-significant (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.51-2.12, p = 0.91, I² = 78%). Qualitative analysis suggested that PBM might enhance quality of life and clinical and anatomical outcomes compared to sham treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis suggests that, to date, there are no significant clinical benefits of PBM therapy for patients with AMD. Further long-term studies are needed to establish its clinical relevance and safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"969-987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Mixed Reality Headset: First Exploratory Use in Intraocular Surgery and Telementoring.","authors":"Rodolfo Mastropasqua, Maria Ludovica Ruggeri, Alberto Quarta, Ruggero Tartaro, Luca Vecchiarino, Luca Virgilio Corboli, Lorenza Brescia, Matteo Orione, Andrea Russo, Teresio Avitabile, Leonardo Mastropasqua","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01117-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-025-01117-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this work, we aimed to explore the applicability of a mixed reality headset (MRH) in intraocular surgery and its potential benefits as an innovative telementoring model of surgical teaching.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of nine surgeries were performed. All surgeries were planned and performed with the aid of the Apple Vision Pro (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA) MRH integrated with multimodal imaging technology to provide a dynamic, detailed, real-time, all-in-one three-dimensional (3D) live visualization of surgical cases. A live connection between surgeons enabled real-time sharing of the surgical field. Feedback from surgeons and fellows, along with their satisfaction levels, was recorded to assess the applicability of this approach in intraocular surgery and surgical education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The integrated system proved to be an efficient all-in-one solution, demonstrating efficacy in surgical planning and keeping the surgeon informed throughout the procedure (> 8). No signal delay nor additional complications were detected in the real-time video feed, which allowed for uninterrupted guidance throughout the procedure. Both surgeons and fellows showed overall satisfaction and interest in the new model (> 8), appreciating the advantages in terms of knowledge gap filling, future perspective in surgical telementoring, and the possibility of application in surgical training.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Introducing an MRH in intraocular surgery provides an innovative and immersive visualization, leading to significant benefits in telementoring. This advancement opens new educational opportunities and could be a game-changer in the training of future ophthalmic surgeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Socioeconomic Burden of Retinal Diseases: Can Biosimilars Add Value? A Narrative Review.","authors":"Seenu M Hariprasad, Frank G Holz, Carl V Asche, Amine Issa, Oriol Mora, Simon Keady, Mourad F Rezk, Phil Sarocco, Steven Simoens","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01104-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-025-01104-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinal diseases, such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion, pose a significant global burden on individuals, families, and healthcare systems. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has become the standard treatment for retinal diseases, improving clinical outcomes, while delaying disease progression. Although effective, biologics are associated with high costs, which can lead to underutilisation and, consequently, suboptimal patient treatment outcomes, further contributing to healthcare costs. Additionally, the expansion in the elderly population is predicted to significantly increase costs and burden on healthcare systems due to retinal diseases, requiring effective strategies and the utilisation of emerging technologies that are crucial public health priorities for tackling global vision impairment. Recently, anti-VEGF biosimilars have been approved and are expected to provide a cost-effective alternative, while providing equivalent efficacy and comparable safety, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetic profiles as the reference product. The entry of biosimilars holds the promise of meeting some of these unmet needs, giving physicians and patients access to sustainable treatments that can provide cost-effective therapy, enabling savings to be reinvested into healthcare facilities. This article aims to review the impact of retinal diseases on clinical, social, and financial aspects of patient care, emphasising the potential value of biosimilars in ophthalmology.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"621-641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Between Relative Peripheral Refraction and Efficacy of Myopia Control After Wearing Multifocal Soft Contact Lenses in Children.","authors":"Mengyao Xu, Yuxin Yang, Fengju Zhang, Yushan Xu, Yuyan Huang, Linlu Zhang, Jie Wen","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01096-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-025-01096-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigated the relationship between relative peripheral refraction (RPR), retinal choroidal vessel, and the growth rate of axial length (AL) in children with myopia wearing multifocal soft contact lenses (MiSight CLs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-four eyes of 44 children with myopia wearing MiSight CLs were included in the study. RPRs and retinal choroidal vessel were measured at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year using multispectral refraction topography (MRT) and optical coherence tomography angiograghy (OCTA). MRT presented RPR at different fields of view and OCTA presented retinal choroidal vessel characteristics centered on the macula. The correlation between the changes of RPR (ΔRPRs) and the growth rate of AL was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The baseline AL, spherical equivalent, age, and average growth rate of AL of children are 24.76 ± 0.95 mm,  - 3.22 ± 1.77 D, 11.25 ± 2.42 years, and 0.22 ± 0.17 mm/year. At 3 months, TRPR (RPR of the circular visual field of 53° centered on macular fovea) (p = 0.0007), RPR-15 (p = 0.0042), RPR-30 (p = 0.0012), RPR-45 (p = 0.0031), and RPR-I (p = 0.0082) of children with myopia wearing MiSight CLs were significantly lower than baseline. The ΔRPR was negatively correlated with the growth rate of AL (ΔTRPR, r = - 0.43, p = 0.003; ΔRPR-45, r = - 0.43, p = 0.004; ΔRPR-I, r = - 0.35, p = 0.02; ΔRPR-N, r = - 0.32, p = 0.04). At 1 year, there was a significant difference in the retina vessel volume index compared to baseline (p = 0.0002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RPR showed significant changes at 3 months after wearing multifocal soft contact lenses, but noticeable changes in retinal vessel volume index occurred only at 1 year. MRT demonstrates a higher efficacy in the early detection of the effectiveness of myopia control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"755-771"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Effects of Perfluorohexyloctane Ophthalmic Solution on Patient-Reported Outcomes in Dry Eye Disease: A Prospective, Open-Label, Multicenter Study.","authors":"Jason Bacharach, Shane R Kannarr, Anthony Verachtert, Preeya K Gupta, Moataz Razeen, Megan E Cavet, Jason L Vittitow, Jacob Lang, Thomas M Chester, Jillian F Ziemanski, Darrell E White","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01097-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-025-01097-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Perfluorohexyloctane ophthalmic solution (PFHO) is indicated for the treatment of signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) and targets excessive tear evaporation. This study evaluated patient-reported outcomes early in treatment with PFHO.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, multicenter, open-label, phase 4 study enrolled adults with a history of DED for ≥ 6 months. PFHO was instilled in both eyes four times daily for 14 days. Patients completed early outcome surveys during four clinic visits (day 1 [pretreatment; 5 and 60 min post-PFHO instillation] and days 3, 7, and 14). Symptom severity, symptom frequency, and treatment satisfaction were rated on visual analog scales (range 0-100). The primary endpoint was mean change from baseline in overall DED symptom severity at day 7. Secondary endpoints included change in severity of individual DED symptoms (eye dryness, blurred vision, eye irritation, light sensitivity, eye tiredness, burning/stinging, eye itching, eye pain); change in frequency (measured as percentage of time experienced) of the most bothersome symptom, awareness of dry eye symptoms, and fluctuation in quality of vision; and treatment satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-nine patients enrolled (85.9% female; age range 35-81 years). The primary endpoint was met: mean (SD) overall symptom severity decreased significantly from 72.1 (17.0) at baseline to 27.8 (22.3) at day 7 (mean change, - 44.5; P < 0.0001). Mean (SD) percentage of time experiencing the most bothersome symptom decreased from 77.9% at baseline to 34.7% at day 14 (P < 0.0001). Significant reductions in severity and frequency also were observed for all symptoms at all postbaseline assessments (P < 0.0001). Median ratings of treatment satisfaction were 83.0 at day 3, 86.0 at day 7, and 90.0 at day 14.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early in the course of treatment with PFHO, patients with DED experienced significant reductions in dry eye symptom frequency and severity. Treatment satisfaction with PFHO was high.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06309953.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"693-704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}