{"title":"Cover Image:","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jipb.13529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13529","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pineapple, an important tropical herbaceous fruit tree, is renowned for its juicy composite fruits and distinctive aroma. Its extensive evolutionary history, primarily driven by vegetative propagation, has led to a highly heterozygous genome that has been difficult to fully resolve. Here, Feng et al. (pages 2208–2225) have successfully assembled the first telomere-to-telomere genome of pineapple, accompanied by a meticulously curated, highquality gene structure annotation. These comprehensive genomic resources provide a complete map for postgenomic research and breeding efforts in pineapple. The cover image features a flowering hybrid F1 plant, the result of a cross between BL and LY, two pineapple varieties used in the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":"66 10","pages":"C1"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jipb.13529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sucrose induces flowering by degradation of the floral repressor Ghd7 via K48-linked polyubiquitination in rice.","authors":"Lae-Hyeon Cho, Jinmi Yoon, Gibeom Baek, Win Tun, Hyeok Chan Kwon, Dae-Woo Lee, Seok-Hyun Choi, Yang-Seok Lee, Jong-Seong Jeon, Gynheung An","doi":"10.1111/jipb.13790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sucrose functions as a signaling molecule in several metabolic pathways as well as in various developmental processes. However, the molecular mechanisms by which sucrose regulates these processes remain largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that sucrose promotes flowering by mediating the stability of a regulatory protein that represses flowering in rice. Exogenous application of sucrose promoted flowering by inducing florigen gene expression. Reduction of sucrose levels in the phloem through genetic modifications, such as the overexpression of the vacuolar invertase OsVIN2 or the mutation of OsSUT2, a sucrose transporter, delayed flowering. Analysis of relative transcript levels of floral regulatory genes showed that sucrose activated Ehd1 upstream of the florigen, with no significant effect on the expression of other upstream genes. Examination of protein stability after sucrose treatment of major floral repressors revealed that the Ghd7 protein was specifically degraded. The Ghd7 protein interacted with the E3 ligase IPA INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (IPI1), and sucrose-induced K48-linked polyubiquitination of Ghd7 via IPI1, leading to protein degradation. Mutants defective in IPI1 delayed flowering, confirming its role in modulating proteins involved in flowering. We conclude that sucrose acts as a signaling molecule to induce flowering by promoting Ghd7 degradation via IPI1.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why is pollen in Camellia oleifera inedible to honeybees?","authors":"Jannathan Mamut, Wei-Bing Zhang, Lu-Lu Tang","doi":"10.1111/jipb.13787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Commentary examines a recent study that addressed a long-standing controversy: Is the lethal effect of Tea-oil Camellia on honeybee larvae due to nectar or pollen toxicity? Flowers of Camellia oleifera are adapting to bird pollination, evolving 'anti-bee' traits such as theasaponin-containing pollen, which is toxic to bee larvae.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HOS1 ubiquitinates SPL9 for degradation to modulate salinity-delayed flowering.","authors":"Zhixin Jiao, Xiaoning Shi, Rui Xu, Mingxia Zhang, Leelyn Chong, Yingfang Zhu","doi":"10.1111/jipb.13784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil salinity is a serious environmental threat to plant growth and flowering. Flowering in the right place, at the right time, ensures maximal reproductive success for plants. Salinity-delayed flowering is considered a stress coping/survival strategy and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process require further studies to enhance the crop's salt tolerance ability. A nuclear pore complex (NPC) component, HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 1 (HOS1), has been recognized as a negative regulator of plant cold responses and flowering. Here, we challenged the role of HOS1 in regulating flowering in response to salinity stress. Interestingly, we discovered that HOS1 can directly interact with and ubiquitinate transcription factor SPL9 (SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 9) to promote its protein degradation in response to salinity stress. Moreover, we demonstrated that HOS1 and SPL9 antagonistically regulate plant flowering under both normal and salt stress conditions. HOS1 was further shown to negatively regulate the expression of SPLs and several key flowering genes in response to salinity stress. These results jointly revealed that HOS1 is an important integrator in the process of modulating salinity-delayed flowering, thus offering new perspectives on a salinity stress coping strategy of plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xun Wang, Zhijuan Diao, Chang Cao, Yan Liu, Na Xia, Youlian Zhang, Ling Lu, Fanyu Kong, Houli Zhou, Lizhe Chen, Jing Zhang, Bangsheng Wang, Ronghua Huang, Dingzhong Tang, Shengping Li
{"title":"The receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase OsBSK1-2 regulates immunity via an HLH/bHLH complex.","authors":"Xun Wang, Zhijuan Diao, Chang Cao, Yan Liu, Na Xia, Youlian Zhang, Ling Lu, Fanyu Kong, Houli Zhou, Lizhe Chen, Jing Zhang, Bangsheng Wang, Ronghua Huang, Dingzhong Tang, Shengping Li","doi":"10.1111/jipb.13783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants need to fine-tune defense responses to maintain a robust but flexible host barrier to various pathogens. Helix-loop-helix/basic helix-loop-helix (HLH/bHLH) complexes play important roles in fine-tuning plant development. However, the function of these genes in plant immunity and how they are regulated remain obscure. Here, we identified an atypical bHLH transcription factor, Oryza sativa (Os)HLH46, that interacts with rice receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) Os BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE1-2 (OsBSK1-2), which plays a key role in rice blast resistance. OsBSK1-2 stabilized OsHLH46 both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, OsHLH46 positively regulates rice blast resistance, which depends on OsBSK1-2. OsHLH46 has no transcriptional activation activity and interacts with a typical bHLH protein, OsbHLH6, which negatively regulates rice blast resistance. OsbHLH6 binds to the promoter of OsWRKY45 and inhibits its expression, while OsHLH46 suppresses the function of OsbHLH6 by blocking its DNA binding and transcriptional inhibition of OsWRKY45. Consistent with these findings, OsWRKY45 was up-regulated in OsHLH46-overexpressing plants. In addition, the oshlh46 mutant overexpressing OsbHLH6 is more susceptible to Magnaporthe oryzae than is the wild type, suggesting that OsHLH46 suppresses OsbHLH6-mediated rice blast resistance. Our results not only demonstrated that OsBSK1-2 regulates rice blast resistance via the OsHLH46/OsbHLH6 complex, but also uncovered a new mechanism for plants to fine-tune plant immunity by regulating the HLH/bHLH complex via RLCKs.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reading m<sup>6</sup>A marks in mRNA: A potent mechanism of gene regulation in plants.","authors":"Thi Kim Hang Nguyen, Hunseung Kang","doi":"10.1111/jipb.13781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modifications to RNA have recently been recognized as a pivotal regulator of gene expression in living organisms. More than 170 chemical modifications have been identified in RNAs, with N<sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A) being the most abundant modification in eukaryotic mRNAs. The addition and removal of m<sup>6</sup>A marks are catalyzed by methyltransferases (referred to as \"writers\") and demethylases (referred to as \"erasers\"), respectively. In addition, the m<sup>6</sup>A marks in mRNAs are recognized and interpreted by m<sup>6</sup>A-binding proteins (referred to as \"readers\"), which regulate the fate of mRNAs, including stability, splicing, transport, and translation. Therefore, exploring the mechanism underlying the m<sup>6</sup>A reader-mediated modulation of RNA metabolism is essential for a much deeper understanding of the epigenetic role of RNA modification in plants. Recent discoveries have improved our understanding of the functions of m<sup>6</sup>A readers in plant growth and development, stress response, and disease resistance. This review highlights the latest developments in m<sup>6</sup>A reader research, emphasizing the diverse RNA-binding domains crucial for m<sup>6</sup>A reader function and the biological and cellular roles of m<sup>6</sup>A readers in the plant response to developmental and environmental signals. Moreover, we propose and discuss the potential future research directions and challenges in identifying novel m<sup>6</sup>A readers and elucidating the cellular and mechanistic role of m<sup>6</sup>A readers in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Gao, Na Zhang, Guohui Liu, Jinjun Tian, Mengyao Chen, Ying Wang, Ye Xing, Ying Zhang, Chenyang Zhao, Xiaohuan Mu, Yanwen Yu, Hongbin Niu, Jiankun Li, Jihua Tang, Mingyue Gou
{"title":"Regulation of maize growth and immunity by ZmSKI3-mediated RNA decay and post-transcriptional gene silencing.","authors":"Jie Gao, Na Zhang, Guohui Liu, Jinjun Tian, Mengyao Chen, Ying Wang, Ye Xing, Ying Zhang, Chenyang Zhao, Xiaohuan Mu, Yanwen Yu, Hongbin Niu, Jiankun Li, Jihua Tang, Mingyue Gou","doi":"10.1111/jipb.13780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disease resistance is often associated with compromised plant growth and yield due to defense-growth tradeoffs. However, key components and mechanisms underlying the defense-growth tradeoffs are rarely explored in maize. In this study, we find that ZmSKI3, a putative subunit of the SUPERKILLER (SKI) complex that mediates the 3'-5' degradation of RNA, regulates both plant development and disease resistance in maize. The Zmski3 mutants showed retarded plant growth and constitutively activated defense responses, while the ZmSKI3 overexpression lines are more susceptible to Curvularia lunata and Bipolaris maydis. Consistently, the expression of defense-related genes was generally up-regulated, while expressions of growth-related genes were mostly down-regulated in leaves of the Zmski3-1 mutant compared to that of wild type. In addition, 223 differentially expressed genes that are up-regulated in Zmski3-1 mutant but down-regulated in the ZmSKI3 overexpression line are identified as potential target genes of ZmSKI3. Moreover, small interfering RNAs targeting the transcripts of the defense- and growth-related genes are differentially accumulated, likely to combat the increase of defense-related transcripts but decrease of growth-related transcripts in Zmski3-1 mutant. Taken together, our study indicates that plant growth and immunity could be regulated by both ZmSKI3-mediated RNA decay and post-transcriptional gene silencing in maize.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lili Hu, Qian Wu, Chunyu Wu, Chunmei Zhang, Ziying Wu, Meihui Shi, Man Zhang, Sujuan Duan, Hong-Bin Wang, Hong-Lei Jin
{"title":"Light signaling-dependent regulation of plastid RNA processing in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Lili Hu, Qian Wu, Chunyu Wu, Chunmei Zhang, Ziying Wu, Meihui Shi, Man Zhang, Sujuan Duan, Hong-Bin Wang, Hong-Lei Jin","doi":"10.1111/jipb.13779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light is a vital environmental signal that regulates the expression of plastid genes. Plastids are crucial organelles that respond to light, but the effects of light on plastid RNA processing following transcription remain unclear. In this study, we systematically examined the influence of light exposure on plastid RNA processing, focusing on RNA splicing and RNA editing. We demonstrated that light promotes the splicing of transcripts from the plastid genes rps12, ndhA, atpF, petB, and rpl2. Additionally, light increased the editing rate of the accD transcript at nucleotide 794 (accD-794) and the ndhF transcript at nucleotide 290 (ndhF-290), while decreasing the editing rate of the clpP transcript at nucleotide 559 (clpP-559). We have identified key regulators of signaling pathways, such as CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1), ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs), as important players in the regulation of plastid RNA splicing and editing. Notably, COP1 was required for GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 (GUN1)-dependent repression of clpP-559 editing in the light. We showed that HY5 and PIF1 bind to the promoters of nuclear genes encoding plastid-localized RNA processing factors in a light-dependent manner. This study provides insight into the mechanisms underlying light-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of plastid gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Zhang, Xingpeng Wen, Xin Chen, Yifan Zhou, Kun Wang, Yuxian Zhu
{"title":"GhCASPL1 regulates secondary cell wall thickening in cotton fibers by stabilizing the cellulose synthase complex on the plasma membrane.","authors":"Li Zhang, Xingpeng Wen, Xin Chen, Yifan Zhou, Kun Wang, Yuxian Zhu","doi":"10.1111/jipb.13777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibers are elongated single cells that rapidly accumulate cellulose during secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening, which requires cellulose synthase complex (CSC) activity. Here, we describe the CSC-interacting factor CASPARIAN STRIP MEMBRANE DOMAIN-LIKE1 (GhCASPL1), which contributes to SCW thickening by influencing CSC stability on the plasma membrane. GhCASPL1 is preferentially expressed in fiber cells during SCW biosynthesis and encodes a MARVEL domain protein. The ghcaspl1 ghcaspl2 mutant exhibited reduced plant height and produced mature fibers with fewer natural twists, lower tensile strength, and a thinner SCW compared to the wild type. Similarly, the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) caspl1 caspl2 double mutant showed a lower cellulose content and thinner cell walls in the stem vasculature than the wild type but normal plant morphology. Introducing the cotton gene GhCASPL1 successfully restored the reduced cellulose content of the Arabidopsis caspl1 caspl2 mutant. Detergent treatments, ultracentrifugation assays, and enzymatic assays showed that the CSC in the ghcaspl1 ghcaspl2 double mutant showed reduced membrane binding and decreased enzyme activity compared to the wild type. GhCASPL1 binds strongly to phosphatidic acid (PA), which is present in much higher amounts in thickening fiber cells compared to ovules and leaves. Mutating the PA-binding site in GhCASPL1 resulted in the loss of its colocalization with GhCesA8, and it failed to localize to the plasma membrane. PA may alter membrane structure to facilitate protein-protein interactions, suggesting that GhCASPL1 and PA collaboratively stabilize the CSC. Our findings shed light on CASPL functions and the molecular machinery behind SCW biosynthesis in cotton fibers.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quan Sun, Zhengchen He, Junli Ye, Ranran Wei, Di Feng, Yingzi Zhang, Lijun Chai, Yunjiang Cheng, Qiang Xu, Xiuxin Deng
{"title":"A novel C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor, CitZAT4, regulates ethylene-induced orange coloration in Satsuma mandarin flavedo (Citrus unshiu Marc.).","authors":"Quan Sun, Zhengchen He, Junli Ye, Ranran Wei, Di Feng, Yingzi Zhang, Lijun Chai, Yunjiang Cheng, Qiang Xu, Xiuxin Deng","doi":"10.1111/jipb.13778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ethylene treatment promotes orange coloration in the flavedo of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruit, but the corresponding regulatory mechanism is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified a C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor, CitZAT4, the expression of which was markedly induced by ethylene. CitZAT4 directly binds to the CitPSY promoter and activates its expression, thereby promoting carotenoid biosynthesis. Transient expression in Satsuma mandarin fruit and stable transformation of citrus calli showed that overexpressing of CitZAT4 inhibited CitLCYE expression, thus inhibiting α-branch yellow carotenoid (lutein) biosynthesis. CitZAT4 overexpression also enhanced the transcript levels of CitLCYB, CitHYD, and CitNCED2, promoting β-branch orange carotenoid accumulation. Molecular biochemical assays, including yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR), and luciferase (LUC) assays, demonstrated that CitZAT4 directly binds to the promoters of its target genes and regulates their expression. An ethylene response factor, CitERF061, which is induced by ethylene signaling, was found to directly bound to the CitZAT4 promoter and induced its expression, thus positively regulating CitZAT4-mediated orange coloration in citrus fruit. Together, our findings reveal that a CitZAT4-mediated transcriptional cascade is driven by ethylene via CitERF061, linking ethylene signaling to carotenoid metabolism in promoting orange coloration in the flavedo of Satsuma mandarin fruit. The molecular regulatory mechanism revealed here represents a significant step toward developing strategies for improving the quality and economic efficiency of citrus crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}