Fengling Wu, Fanrong Peng, Jing Guo, Ming Wu, Jianguo Wu
{"title":"Systemic stomatal immunity: A rapid gate-closing circuit unveiled in plants.","authors":"Fengling Wu, Fanrong Peng, Jing Guo, Ming Wu, Jianguo Wu","doi":"10.1111/jipb.70245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.70245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Commentary highlights a recent study discovering Systemic Stomatal Immunity, a rapid, targeted immune program, filling a research gap by showing local challenge triggers distal stomatal closure within hours.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan Wang, Zhiyi Fan, Yining Wang, Alexander Vainstein, Yuexuan Qiu, Yinan Sun, Huiqin Ma
{"title":"FcMAPK4-phosphorylated FcNOR activates FcERF5 to promote fig fruit softening through activation of FcPG12 expression.","authors":"Yuan Wang, Zhiyi Fan, Yining Wang, Alexander Vainstein, Yuexuan Qiu, Yinan Sun, Huiqin Ma","doi":"10.1111/jipb.70239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.70239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid softening of fig (Ficus carica L.) fruit during ripening leads to extremely short shelf life; the regulatory mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown. Fig softening during ripening is largely attributed to pectin degradation, and we identified FcPG12 as the crucial polygalacturonase gene involved in the process. We then identified a NAM (ATAF1/2-CUC2) transcription factor, termed FcNOR and sharing 53.09% amino acid identity with Solanum lycopersicum NOR, which binds directly to the promoter of FcPG12 to activate its transcription. The activity of FcNOR increased robustly following FcMAPK4 phosphorylation of Ser-78 and Ser-343, which are essential for FcNOR DNA binding and transcriptional activity, respectively. Ethylene also enhanced FcMAPK4 kinase activity and promoted FcNOR phosphorylation, leading to the latter's elevated activity. APETALA2/Ethylene Response Factor 5 (FcERF5) functioned as a transcriptional activator of FcPG12 expression, which was synergistically enhanced by interaction between FcNOR and FcERF5. Moreover, FcNOR binds to the promoter of FcERF5, increasing the latter's transcription and forming a FcNOR-FcERF5 positive-feedback loop. Collectively, integration of ethylene signaling with MAPK-mediated phosphorylation by the FcMAPK4-FcNOR-FcERF5 regulatory module, leading to transcriptional regulation of FcPG12 expression to drive pectin degradation, reveals new insights into the mechanism of fruit softening.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The AcLFYL1-AcCSE module enhances kiwifruit resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae by regulating cell density and lignin biosynthesis.","authors":"Wenpeng Song, Yantao Wu, Yangyang Li, Wei Li, Yue Huang, Junyang Yue, Pu Liu, Xueren Yin, Yongsheng Liu, Faming Wang, Songhu Wang, Wei Tang","doi":"10.1111/jipb.70232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.70232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canker disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a severe bacterial infection threatening global kiwifruit production. Psa causes lignin degradation, cell wall rupture, leaf wilting, and canker formation on branches and trunks, often leading to plant death. The plant cell wall serves as a structural barrier against pathogens, with its thickness, composition, and cell density influencing disease resistance. Comparative studies between resistant germplasms Actinidia eriantha \"Maohuaxiong\" (A. eriantha 'MHX') and Actinidia latifolia \"Kuoye\" (A. latifolia 'KY') and susceptible cultivars Actinidia chinensis \"Hongyang\" (A. chinensis 'HY') and \"Donghong\" (DH) indicate that the resistant lines developed smaller lesions and slower disease progression after Psa infection, compared with susceptible cultivars. Histological and biochemical analyses revealed that \"MHX\" and \"KY\" had denser mesophyll cells and higher lignin deposition. Transcriptomic analysis and transient overexpression screening identified AcLFYL1 as a positive regulator of Psa resistance. AcLFYL1 overexpression increased cell density, lignin content, and disease resistance, while RNAi silencing produced the opposite phenotypes. Yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase reporter, and ChIP-qPCR assays confirmed that AcLFYL1 directly activates AcCSE, a key gene in lignin biosynthesis. Consistent with this, overexpression of AcCSE similarly increased cell density and lignin content and improved Psa resistance, whereas knockdown of AcCSE in both wild-type (WT) and AcLFYL1 overexpression lines significantly reduced lignin accumulation and compromised disease resistance. These findings demonstrate that AcLFYL1 enhances resistance by promoting lignin biosynthesis and increasing mesophyll cell density through direct regulation of AcCSE, offering valuable genetic targets for breeding Psa-resistant kiwifruit varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PanGraphRNA: An efficient and flexible bioinformatics platform for graph pangenome-based RNA-seq data analysis.","authors":"Yifan Bu, Zhixu Qiu, Wen Sun, Yishui Han, Yifan Liu, Jing Yang, Minggui Song, Zenglin Li, Songyu Liu, Yuzhou Zhang, Chuang Ma","doi":"10.1111/jipb.70231","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jipb.70231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcriptome deep sequencing (RNA-seq) data analysis is often affected by reference bias introduced by the use of a single linear reference (SLR) genome. Graph-based pangenomes can mitigate this bias by integrating the SLR genome with complex genetic variations within a species; however, their application remains limited owing to a lack of dedicated analytical tools. Here, we present PanGraphRNA, an integrated bioinformatics platform for RNA-seq data analysis using a graph pangenome as reference. Built on the Galaxy web-based framework, PanGraphRNA provides functional modules for constructing, evaluating, and applying graph pangenomes across different population scales, thus enabling accessibility, traceability, and reproducibility throughout the analysis. Applied to both real and simulated RNA-seq data sets from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), PanGraphRNA outperformed the SLR approach, achieving higher read alignment accuracy and more precise gene expression quantification. PanGraphRNA enabled the identification of drought stress-induced genes and flowering time-related quantitative trait loci that were previously missed with the conventional SLR approach. Furthermore, we successfully applied PanGraphRNA to process RNA-seq data sets from rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays). By providing standardized, containerized workflows, PanGraphRNA will facilitate transcriptomic research in key plant species, including Arabidopsis, rice, and maize.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147483992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingming Wu, Maohong Cai, Rongrong Zhai, Jing Ye, Guofu Zhu, Faming Yu, Shenghai Ye, Xiaoming Zhang
{"title":"Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins in crops: Advances in functional mechanisms and breeding applications.","authors":"Mingming Wu, Maohong Cai, Rongrong Zhai, Jing Ye, Guofu Zhu, Faming Yu, Shenghai Ye, Xiaoming Zhang","doi":"10.1111/jipb.70217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.70217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins constitute a large superfamily of nuclear-encoded proteins characterized by tandem helical repeats. They function as critical coordinators of nucleus-organelle communication by modulating RNA metabolism within chloroplasts and mitochondria. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the functional mechanisms of PPR proteins in major cereal and oilseed crops, with a focus on their roles in regulating seedling growth, stress responses, seed development, and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) restoration. We highlight how chloroplast-localized PPR proteins mediate RNA metabolism to ensure proper chloroplast biogenesis and seedling photosynthesis, while mitochondrial-targeted PPR proteins are crucial for RNA processing events that support respiration, embryo and endosperm development, and fertility restoration in CMS systems. We also describe how certain PPR proteins mediate biotic and abiotic stress responses through their functions in cold, drought, salt, and disease resistance, with specific members localized in chloroplasts or mitochondria. Finally, we outline unresolved questions regarding PPR protein complex assembly and environmental modulation, and highlight the emerging potential of engineered designer PPR (dPPR) proteins as programmable tools for precise RNA targeting and manipulation in organelles.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147483921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unlocking the genetic basis of quantitative hybrid sterility in rice.","authors":"Xin Gou, Ruiying Liu, Yaoguang Liu, Yongyao Xie","doi":"10.1111/jipb.70229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.70229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary summarizes hybrid sterility models in plants, with an emphasis on a recent study that addresses the genetic basis of the RIS/RIA-RID-RIR system underlying S44-mediated hybrid sterility between Oryza longistaminata and indica rice, revealing a novel killer-protector-target model integrated with modifiers that regulate reproductive isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147472069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolite-mediated plant immunity: From traditional defenders to artificial elicitors.","authors":"Jiajun Tang, Weiwei Xie, Yunjiang Cheng, Alisdair R Fernie, Feng Zhu","doi":"10.1111/jipb.70225","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jipb.70225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The accelerating global population growth and increasing environmental pressures driven by climate change have made food security an urgent scientific objective. In addition to genetic modifications aimed at yield improvement, minimizing yield reduction and postharvest decay caused by pathogenic infections is essential for reinforcing global food supply systems. Metabolites, as fundamental biochemical constituents of life, form the basis of many plant defense strategies that have evolved over millions of years to counter pathogen invasion-functioning both as direct antimicrobial and anti-herbivory agents as well as inducers of internal immune signaling networks. Despite the extensive diversity and intricate biosynthetic pathways of plant metabolites, advances in high-performance mass spectrometry and nucleotide sequencing have clarified the immune-related roles of several metabolites through conventional genetic and transcriptomic analyses. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has provided a transformative means by which to integrate and interpret complex, large-scale data sets, offering insights unattainable through traditional approaches and expediting the mapping of metabolite-immunity interactions. This review summarizes recent progress in elucidating the functions of various plant metabolites, including primary metabolites and secondary metabolites, in plant immune responses. This study also details their reprogramming by pathogens. Finally, it examines the prospective applications of nanoscience, de novo domestication, and artificial intelligence in the rational design of next-generation artificial elicitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147472097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaobang Zhang, Ruijie Zhang, Yuhan Zhang, Tao Yang, Longfei Wu, Yuan Cao, Jun Xiao, Jigang Li, Xin Gao, Xinyou Cao, Jie Liu, Mingming Xin, Yuan Zong, Zhongfu Ni, Qixin Sun, Yingyin Yao
{"title":"Transcriptional adapter ADA2 regulates yield and end-use quality through liquid-liquid phase separation in wheat.","authors":"Xiaobang Zhang, Ruijie Zhang, Yuhan Zhang, Tao Yang, Longfei Wu, Yuan Cao, Jun Xiao, Jigang Li, Xin Gao, Xinyou Cao, Jie Liu, Mingming Xin, Yuan Zong, Zhongfu Ni, Qixin Sun, Yingyin Yao","doi":"10.1111/jipb.70227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.70227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality are critically influenced by starch and seed storage protein (SSP) content. In this study, we demonstrate that the transcriptional adapter ADA2 physically interacts with histone acetyltransferase GENERAL CONTROL NONDEREPRESSIBLE 5 (GCN5) and regulates starch synthesis and SSP content in wheat grains. In ada2 mutants, reduced H3K9ac enrichment was observed in the promoter regions of key starch synthesis genes and the SSP regulator NAC019 during endosperm development. This reduction leads to lower expression levels, resulting in decreased starch content, smaller grains, reduced yield, and poor gluten quality. We also found that ADA2 contains an intrinsically disordered region 2 (IDR2) that undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and forms nuclear condensates. In vitro assays, the LLPS of ADA2 is affected by GCN5 through direct interaction with IDR2, and the ratio of their concentrations determines the behavior of phase-separated condensates and HAT activity. High levels of GCN5 can dissolve ADA2 aggregates, while excessive ADA2 recruits and sequesters GCN5 into co-aggregated droplets, with lower HAT activity. This potential dynamic regulatory mechanism may facilitate the efficient promotion of transcription by the ADA2-GCN5 complex in wheat. Finally, we identified an elite haplotype of ADA2-B Hap2, which is significantly associated with grain size and weight, highlighting its potential as a candidate gene for genetic improvement of wheat yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147466216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constitution and function of intergenic genome regions in cultivated versus annual wild soybean in China.","authors":"Xiaoshuai Hao, Xinyang Hu, Yongpeng Pan, Qi Zhang, Ran Ou, Fenfen Jiang, Fangdong Liu, Jiaoping Zhang, Wubin Wang, Guangnan Xing, Junyi Gai, Jianbo He","doi":"10.1111/jipb.70223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.70223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The subgenus Soja, including annual wild (Glycine soja) and cultivated soybean (Glycine max), is the primary germplasm source of soybeans. We analyzed the genome constitution of 750 wild and cultivated accessions from the Chinese Soybean Germplasm Population (CSGP), covering ~20.42% genic and ~79.58% intergenic regions. Most previous genomic studies focused on gene compositions and functions, with intergenic regions being non-emphasized yet. Our results showed: (i) We defined 48,465 gene blocks (2-23 alleles/gene block) in the genic region. For intergenic region partitioning, the linkage-disequilibrium (LD) confidence interval (CI) method performed the best, identifying 137,104 SNP LD blocks (SNPLDBs, 2-24 haplotypes/SNPLDB). (ii) Wild and cultivated accessions shared 98.5%/80.9% genes/alleles and 88.0%/80.8% SNPLDBs/haplotypes, indicating high wild genomic contribution to the cultivated genome; genic and intergenic regions exhibit distinct allele/haplotype dynamics during domestication. (iii) We proposed the three-case restricted two-stage multi-locus multi-allele genome-wide association study (three-case RTM-GWAS), identifying 82 day-to-flowering (DTF) main-effect genes and 47 intergenic-SNPLDB-impacted genes (by 34 SNPLDBs) (total 129 genes, 746 alleles). These explained 98.87% of phenotypic variance (PV), with main-effect and SNPLDB-impacted genes accounting for 68.61% and 30.26% PV, respectively; gene-allele(s) impacted by SNPLDB-haplotype (one/both sides) were also identified. (iv) Domestication process excluded more large-effect positive alleles that shorten DTF in cultivated accessions, enhancing DTF's transgressive recombination potential in earliness. This study provides insights into genic/intergenic genome regions, offering a novel understanding of soybean functional genomics.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147466279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}