OrganogenesisPub Date : 2016-07-02Epub Date: 2016-07-08DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2016.1205775
Zayd Farah, Huimin Fan, Zhongmin Liu, Jia-Qiang He
{"title":"A concise review of common animal models for the study of limb regeneration.","authors":"Zayd Farah, Huimin Fan, Zhongmin Liu, Jia-Qiang He","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2016.1205775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2016.1205775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Correct selection of an appropriate animal mode to closely mimic human extremity diseases or to exhibit desirable phenotypes of limb regeneration is the first critical step for all scientists in biomedical and regenerative researches. The commonly-used animals in limb regeneration and repairing studies, such as axolotl, mice, and rats, are discussed in the review and other models including cockroaches, dogs, and horses are also mentioned. The review weighs the general advantages, disadvantages, and precedent uses of each model in the context of limb and peripheral injury and subsequent regeneration. We hope that this review can provide the reader an overview of each model, from which to select one for their specific purpose.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2016.1205775","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34713491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decellularized spleen matrix for reengineering functional hepatic-like tissue based on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.","authors":"Junxi Xiang, Xinglong Zheng, Peng Liu, Lifei Yang, Dinghui Dong, Wanquan Wu, Xuemin Liu, Jianhui Li, Yi Lv","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2016.1185584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2016.1185584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Decellularized liver matrix (DLM) hold great potential for reconstructing functional hepatic-like tissue (HLT) based on reseeding of hepatocytes or stem cells, but the shortage of liver donors is still an obstacle for potential application. Therefore, an appropriate alternative scaffold is needed to expand the donor pool. In this study, we explored the effectiveness of decellularized spleen matrix (DSM) for culturing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and promoting differentiation into hepatic-like cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats' spleen were harvested for DSM preparation by freezing/thawing and perfusion procedure. Then the mesenchymal stem cells derived from rat bone marrow were reseeded into DSM for dynamic culture and hepatic differentiation by a defined induction protocol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research found that DSM preserved a 3-dimensional porous architecture, with native extracellular matrix and vascular network which was similar to DLM. The reseeded BMSCs in DSM differentiated into functional hepatocyte-like cells, evidenced by cytomorphology change, expression of hepatic-associated genes and protein markers, glycogen storage, and indocyanine green uptake. The albumin production (2.74±0.42 vs. 2.07±0.28 pg/cell/day) and urea concentration (75.92±15.64 vs. 52.07±11.46 pg/cell/day) in DSM group were remarkably higher than tissue culture flasks (TCF) group over the same differentiation period, P< 0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This present study demonstrated that DSM might have considerable potential in fabricating hepatic-like tissue, particularly because it can facilitate hepatic differentiation of BMSCs which exhibited higher level and more stable functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2016.1185584","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34466115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OrganogenesisPub Date : 2016-07-02Epub Date: 2016-06-21DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2016.1197460
Darko Kero, Livia Cigic, Ivana Medvedec Mikic, Tea Galic, Mladen Cubela, Katarina Vukojevic, Mirna Saraga-Babic
{"title":"Involvement of IGF-2, IGF-1R, IGF-2R and PTEN in development of human tooth germ - an immunohistochemical study.","authors":"Darko Kero, Livia Cigic, Ivana Medvedec Mikic, Tea Galic, Mladen Cubela, Katarina Vukojevic, Mirna Saraga-Babic","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2016.1197460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2016.1197460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF-2) is a peptide hormone essential for prenatal growth and development. IGF-2 exerts its mitogenic effects via Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF-1R), and is eliminated by binding to Insulin-Like Growth Receptor 2 (IGF-2R). IGF-2 is also negatively regulated by Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN), a phosphatase mutated in various tumors. Not much is known about the interplay between these factors during human odontogenesis. In this study, expression patterns of IGF-2, IGF-1R, IGF-2R and PTEN were analyzed by double immunofluorescence in incisor human tooth germs during the foetal period of development between the 7<sup>th</sup> and 20<sup>th</sup> gestational week. Throughout the investigated period, IGF-2 was mostly expressed in enamel organ, whereas mild to moderate expression of PTEN could be seen in dental papilla and parts of enamel organ. Expression of IGF-1R was ubiquitous and displayed strong intensity throughout the entire enamel organ. In contrast, expression of IGF-2R had rather erratic pattern in enamel organ and dental papilla alike. Expression patterns of IGF-2, IGF-1R, IGF-2R and PTEN in highly proliferative cervical loops, as well as in differentiating pre-ameloblasts and pre-odontoblasts of cusp tip region during the early and late bell stages when enamel organ acquires definitive shape, indicate importance of these factors in crown morphogenesis of human incisor. Taken together, our data suggest the involvement of IGF-2, IGF-1R, IGF-2R and PTEN in temporo-spatial patterning of basic cellular processes (proliferation, differentiation) during normal tooth development. They are also relevant for improving knowledge of molecular basis of human odontogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2016.1197460","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34598016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OrganogenesisPub Date : 2016-07-02Epub Date: 2016-05-26DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2016.1194148
Peihua Zhang, Jin Li, Yawei Qi, Yaqing Zou, Li Liu, Xudong Tang, Jianfeng Duan, Hongwei Liu, Guofang Zeng
{"title":"Vitamin C promotes the proliferation of human adipose-derived stem cells via p53-p21 pathway.","authors":"Peihua Zhang, Jin Li, Yawei Qi, Yaqing Zou, Li Liu, Xudong Tang, Jianfeng Duan, Hongwei Liu, Guofang Zeng","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2016.1194148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2016.1194148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have demonstrated a promising potential for the applications of cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) are harmful to ADSCs cell survival and proliferation. Vitamin C is an important antioxidant, and is often added into culture media as an essential micronutrient. However, its roles on the proliferation of human ADSCs have not been studied. Therefore, in this study, human ADSCs were isolated, and detected by flow cytometry for the analysis of their cell surface antigens. Cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were measured with cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of cyclin E1, p53, p21, and CDK2 proteins. The effect of vitamin C pretreatment on the production of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)-mediated ROS in the ADSCs was evaluated by flow cytometry. Our results indicated that vitamin C treatment significantly increased cell proliferation, and changed the cell cycle distribution of ADSCs by decreasing the percentage of G<sub>1</sub> phase, and concurrently increased the percentage of S and G<sub>2</sub>/M phase. Western blot analysis indicated that vitamin C treatment up-regulated the expression levels of cyclin E1 and CDK2, but down-regulated p53 and p21 proteins expression, which contributed to cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Vitamin C pretreatment significantly reduced the production of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced ROS in the ADSCs. These findings suggest that vitamin C can promote the proliferation and cell cycle progression in the ADSCs possibly through regulation of p53-p21 signal pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2016.1194148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34523711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OrganogenesisPub Date : 2016-04-02Epub Date: 2016-04-14DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2016.1172155
Young Hwan Choi, Il Ho Jang, Soon Chul Heo, Jae Ho Kim, Nathaniel S Hwang
{"title":"Biomedical therapy using synthetic WKYMVm hexapeptide.","authors":"Young Hwan Choi, Il Ho Jang, Soon Chul Heo, Jae Ho Kim, Nathaniel S Hwang","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2016.1172155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2016.1172155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>WKYMVm hexapeptide has been identified as a strong FPR2 agonist through a library screening of synthetic peptides. The FPR2 has been reported to play a crucial role in inflammation and angiogenic responses via stimulation of chemotaxis, migration, cell proliferation, wound healing and vessel growth. Recently, the therapeutic effects of WKYMVm have been reported in various disease models. In cutaneous wound model in diabetic mice, WKYMVm facilitated wound healing processes by stimulating the formation of capillary and arteriole and re-epithelialization. In coronary artery stenosis model, WKYMVm coating on stent promoted re-endothelialization and lowered restenosis rate. In hindlimb ischemia mouse model, intramuscular injection of WKYMVm promoted homing of exogenously transplanted endothelial colony-forming cells and neovascularization, resulting in salvaging hindlimb. Furthermore, a single injection of WKYMVm encapsulated in poly (lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres was demonstrated to be as efficient as multiple injections of WKYMVm in restoring blood flow in hindlimb ischemia model. These observations may open up promising biomedical applications of WKYMVm for tissue repairs and regenerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2016.1172155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34403558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The expression profiles of fibroblast growth factor 9 and its receptors in developing mice testes.","authors":"Meng-Shao Lai, Chia-Yih Wang, Shang-Hsun Yang, Chia-Ching Wu, H Sunny Sun, Shaw-Jenq Tsai, Jih-Ing Chuang, Yung-Chia Chen, Bu-Miin Huang","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2016.1171448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2016.1171448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An expressional lack of fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) would cause male-to-female sex reversal in the mouse, implying the essential role of FGF9 in testicular organogenesis and maturation. However, the temporal expression of FGF9 and its receptors during testicular development remains elusive. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to identify the localization of FGF9 and its receptors at different embryonic and postnatal stages in mice testes. Results showed that FGF9 continuously expressed in the testis during development. FGF9 had highest expression in the interstitial region at 17-18 d post coitum (dpc) and in the spermatocytes, spermatids and Leydig cell on postnatal days (pnd) 35-65. Regarding receptor expression, FGFR1 and FGFR4 were evenly expressed in the whole testis during the embryonic and postnatal stages. However, FGFR2 and FGFR3 were widely expressed during the embryonic testis development with higher FGFR2 expression in seminiferous tubules at 16-18 dpc and higher FGFR3 expression in interstitial region at 17-18 dpc. In postnatal stage, FGFR2 extensively expressed with higher expression at spermatids and Leydig cells on 35-65 pnd and FGFR3 widely expressed in the whole testis. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that FGF9 is correlated with the temporal expression profiles of FGFR2 and FGFR3 and possibly associated with testis development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2016.1171448","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34402290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OrganogenesisPub Date : 2016-04-02Epub Date: 2016-04-14DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2016.1172164
Sushil Bhandari, Joon No Lee, Young-Il Kim, In-Koo Nam, Su-Jung Kim, Se-Jin Kim, SeongAe Kwak, Gi-Su Oh, Hyung-Jin Kim, Hyun Ju Yoo, Hong-Seob So, Seong-Kyu Choe, Raekil Park
{"title":"The fatty acid chain elongase, Elovl1, is required for kidney and swim bladder development during zebrafish embryogenesis.","authors":"Sushil Bhandari, Joon No Lee, Young-Il Kim, In-Koo Nam, Su-Jung Kim, Se-Jin Kim, SeongAe Kwak, Gi-Su Oh, Hyung-Jin Kim, Hyun Ju Yoo, Hong-Seob So, Seong-Kyu Choe, Raekil Park","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2016.1172164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2016.1172164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Very long chain fatty acids are required for sphingolipid synthesis, lipid homeostasis, myelin formation, epidermal permeability, and retinal function. Seven different enzymes are known to be involved in the elongation cycle of fatty acids, with different chain-length specificities. Elovl1 is one of those enzymes whose function has been linked mainly to the synthesis of sphingolipids and the epidermal barrier. However, the role of Elovl1 in organogenesis is not clear. In zebrafish, 2 Elovl1 genes, elovl1a and elovl1b, are highly expressed in the swim bladder, and elovl1b is also expressed in the kidney. We found that both elovl1 knockdown embryos contain increased levels of long chain fatty acids from carbon number 14 to 20 as compared to control embryos. Oil-Red-O staining shows that yolk lipid consumption is greatly reduced, whereas lipid droplets accumulate within the swim bladder. Notably, knockdown of either elovl1a or elovl1b affects the expression of genes involved in swim bladder development and impairs inflation of the swim bladder. Consistent with its expression in the pronephros, knockdown of elovl1b alone affects the expression of genes required for kidney development and reduces renal clearance. Our findings strongly suggest that both elovl1 genes are a key determinant of swim bladder and kidney development in zebrafish, which may be comparatively applicable to lung and kidney development in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2016.1172164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34403579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OrganogenesisPub Date : 2016-04-02Epub Date: 2016-04-26DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2016.1181238
A Asmar, R Barrett-Jolley, A Werner, R Kelly, M Stacey
{"title":"Membrane channel gene expression in human costal and articular chondrocytes.","authors":"A Asmar, R Barrett-Jolley, A Werner, R Kelly, M Stacey","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2016.1181238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2016.1181238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chondrocytes are the uniquely resident cells found in all types of cartilage and key to their function is the ability to respond to mechanical loads with changes of metabolic activity. This mechanotransduction property is, in part, mediated through the activity of a range of expressed transmembrane channels; ion channels, gap junction proteins, and porins. Appropriate expression of ion channels has been shown essential for production of extracellular matrix and differential expression of transmembrane channels is correlated to musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoarthritis and Albers-Schönberg. In this study we analyzed the consistency of gene expression between channelomes of chondrocytes from human articular and costal (teenage and fetal origin) cartilages. Notably, we found 14 ion channel genes commonly expressed between articular and both types of costal cartilage chondrocytes. There were several other ion channel genes expressed only in articular (6 genes) or costal chondrocytes (5 genes). Significant differences in expression of BEST1 and KCNJ2 (Kir2.1) were observed between fetal and teenage costal cartilage. Interestingly, the large Ca(2+) activated potassium channel (BKα, or KCNMA1) was very highly expressed in all chondrocytes examined. Expression of the gap junction genes for Panx1, GJA1 (Cx43) and GJC1 (Cx45) was also observed in chondrocytes from all cartilage samples. Together, this data highlights similarities between chondrocyte membrane channel gene expressions in cells derived from different anatomical sites, and may imply that common electrophysiological signaling pathways underlie cellular control. The high expression of a range of mechanically and metabolically sensitive membrane channels suggest that chondrocyte mechanotransduction may be more complex than previously thought.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2016.1181238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34433890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OrganogenesisPub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2016.1145317
Z. Makiyan
{"title":"New theory of uterovaginal embryogenesis","authors":"Z. Makiyan","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2016.1145317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2016.1145317","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: The explanation of uterine and vaginal embryogenesis in humans still poses many controversies, because it is difficult to assess early stages of an embryo. The literature review revealed many disagreements in Mullerian theory, inciting some authors to propose new embryological hypotheses. In the original Mullerian theory: the paramesonephral ducts form the Fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina; the mesonephral ducts regress in female embryos. Aims: The aim of this article is to investigate the development of Mullerian ducts in humans, using comparative analysis of fundamental embryological theory and various utero-vaginal anomalies. Material and methods: Between 1998 and 2015, 434 patients with various uterovaginal malformations had been operated on at the Scientific Centre of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Perynatology in Moscow. The anatomies of the uterovaginal malformations in these patients were diagnosed with ultrasound and MRI and then verified during surgical correction by laparoscopy. Results: A systematic comparison of uterovaginal malformations to those in the literature has allowed us to formulate a new theory of embryonic morphogenesis. The new theory is significantly different: ovary, ovarian ligamentum proprium, and ligamentum teres uteri derive from gonadal ridges; Fallopian tubes and vagina completely develop from mesonephral ducts. The uterus develops in the area of intersection between the mesonephral ducts with gonadal ridges by the fusion of the two. Conclusions: The new theory may to induce future embryological studies. The hypothetic possibility that the ovary and endometrium derive from the gonadal ridges could be the key to understanding the enigmatic aetiologies of extragenital and ovarian endometriosis.","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2016.1145317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59981933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OrganogenesisPub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2016.1140290
Julie Bejoy, Liqing Song, Yan Li
{"title":"Wnt-YAP interactions in the neural fate of human pluripotent stem cells and the implications for neural organoid formation","authors":"Julie Bejoy, Liqing Song, Yan Li","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2016.1140290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2016.1140290","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have shown the ability to self-organize into different types of neural organoids (e.g., whole brain organoids, cortical spheroids, midbrain organoids etc.) recently. The extrinsic and intrinsic signaling elicited by Wnt pathway, Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway, and extracellular microenvironment plays a critical role in brain tissue morphogenesis. This article highlights recent advances in neural tissue patterning from hPSCs, in particular the role of Wnt pathway and YAP activity in this process. Understanding the Wnt-YAP interactions should provide us the guidance to predict and modulate brain-like tissue structure through the regulation of extracellular microenvironment of hPSCs.","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2016.1140290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59981897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}