Zhibin Wu , Qingji Zeng , Pin Zhong , Haisheng Wu , Shiqing Lin , Jun Liu , Shuqing Chen , Chunxiang Zhang , Dianyuan Fan , Junmim Liu
{"title":"Multi-wavelength encoded holography with independent Fresnel diffraction modulation","authors":"Zhibin Wu , Qingji Zeng , Pin Zhong , Haisheng Wu , Shiqing Lin , Jun Liu , Shuqing Chen , Chunxiang Zhang , Dianyuan Fan , Junmim Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-wavelength encoded holography establishes a transformative framework for high-capacity data storage and broadband optical displays by leveraging its wavelength independence to encode spatial information of multiple images. However, conventional supercell-based approaches confront persistent limitations in scaling holographic channel capacity and optimizing energy efficiency, thereby impeding advancements in optical holography. To overcome these challenges, we present a novel paradigm for multi-wavelength encoded holography that decouples holographic information via independent Fresnel diffraction modulation. By introducing the wavelength-dependent dynamics inherent to Fresnel diffraction of light waves in free space, a linear spectral-spatial mapping can be established, thereby enabling multi-wavelength holographic reconstruction through near-field phase modulation. In proof-of-concept experiments, we successfully implemented 3-channel and 6-channel wavelength-encoded holography using fabricated planar photonic devices. The results demonstrated an effective energy ratio of each reconstructed hologram exceeding 85.3 % and a minimum crosstalk approaching −13.67 dB. This work provides a promising solution for enhancing holographic channel capacity within the wavelength domain, with advantages of extended response bandwidth and improved energy efficiency. These findings may offer new insights for the development of advanced optical holography.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"591 ","pages":"Article 132114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yen-Chen Chen , Cynthia Li , Abu Montakim Tareq , Lindsey R. Madison , Naihao Chiang
{"title":"Sub-molecular resolution imaging of self-assembled metallocene dimer under aqueous environment","authors":"Yen-Chen Chen , Cynthia Li , Abu Montakim Tareq , Lindsey R. Madison , Naihao Chiang","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) offers unparalleled sub-molecular resolution for visualizing surface-bound molecular assemblies. We developed a custom 3D-printed liquid cell that enabled stable, long-duration liquid-phase STM imaging of a metallocene dimer assembled on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate. High-resolution images revealed two distinct molecular packing structures. However, STM alone is difficult to pinpoint the detailed molecular arrangements, resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) was used to provide complementary information. Aided with density functional theory (DFT) calculated RRS, a cis conformer of the metallocene dimer was identified as the more probable form in both crystal and surface-bound states. These findings led to assemblies with cyclopentadienyl rings pointing towards the HOPG, and the carbonyl groups towards the water. This work demonstrates the synergistic power of integrating STM, RRS, and DFT in elucidating molecular assembling structures at the solid–liquid interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"591 ","pages":"Article 132119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiayu Zheng , Xiang Cai , Tianhong Zhang , Fan Zhang
{"title":"Learned-SSFM approach for fast and accurate waveform modeling of long-haul coherent optical transmission","authors":"Jiayu Zheng , Xiang Cai , Tianhong Zhang , Fan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, a novel approach called the Learned split-step Fourier transform method (L-SSFM) is proposed to replace the traditional SSFM for waveform modeling of long-haul coherent optical transmission, which can achieve significantly lower computational complexity while maintaining a high modeling accuracy. For single channel scenario, the L-SSFM with an 80 km step-size per iteration, reduces the calculation time by more than one order of magnitude compared to the 0.1 km step-sized target SSFM. Furthermore, validated in a typical 7-channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) scenario, the L-SSFM employing a 10 km step-size reduces the calculation time by nearly two orders of magnitude, compared to the target SSFM with its step size decreased to 0.01 km to ensure WDM simulation accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"591 ","pages":"Article 132116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electromechanically tunable terahertz T-shaped metamaterial for environmental sensing application","authors":"Shuyan Zou, Yunche Zhu, Daoye Zheng, Siqiang Zhao, Wenqing Zheng, Yu-Sheng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A tunable terahertz (THz) metamaterial (TSM) with face-to-face T-shaped structures is proposed. By changing the gap (<em>g</em>) between two T-shaped structures, TSM shows its tunability in the range from 0.87 THz to 0.88 THz in TE mode and from 0.68 THz to 0.74 THz in TM mode. While changing the longitudinal offset distance (<em>l</em>) between the two T-shaped resonators, TSM shows different trends for different <em>l</em> values considering both the resonance and full width at half maximum (FWHM). When <em>l</em> = 80 μm, there exhibits a non-linear resonance shift from 0.83 THz to 0.87 THz. Moreover, when TSM is exposed to surrounding environment with different refractive indexes (<em>n</em>), TSM presents red-shift phenomena in TE mode with linearities of 0.990 at most. The quality (Q) factor reaches maximum value as 23.17, which exhibits the tunability and sensitivity (<em>S</em>) of 79.73 GHz/RIU for different <em>g</em> values. <em>S</em> values of the TSM configuration show the inverse trend with the increase of <em>n</em> value of the surrounding environment against the Q-factor. These characteristics enable the proposed TSM to have a more diverse and segmented flexible application prospect in tunable biomedical, chemical detection, and environmental sensing fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"591 ","pages":"Article 132123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian He, Bingxue Zhang, Ping Han, Di Jia, Zhengren Zhang
{"title":"Flexible control of electromagnetic harmonics based on time-varying digital-coded induced-magnetism Huygens' metasurfaces","authors":"Qian He, Bingxue Zhang, Ping Han, Di Jia, Zhengren Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Time-varying digital coding metasurfaces can simultaneously achieve efficient frequency conversion and harmonic control, greatly expanding the degree of freedom for electromagnetic wave manipulation. This technology has shown significant potential in various fields such as radar detection and wireless communication. Transmission-type time-varying digital coding metasurfaces have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their ability to transmit signals more naturally while reducing signal distortion and interference. However, constructing efficient transmission-type time-varying digital coding metasurface and achieving flexible and continuous harmonic control remain a challenge. This paper proposes a cross-shaped structure of induced-magnetism Huygens' metasurface integrated with PIN diodes. When the PIN diodes are in the “ON” and “OFF” states, the transmitted waves through the metasurface at a frequency of 12.88 GHz show equal high transmission amplitude and phase difference approaching <span><math><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow></math></span>. By introducing time-varying signals, each column of metasurface units is endowed with a time delay gradient, a 1-bit time-varying digital coding induced-magnetism Huygens' metasurface is successfully constructed. Through the design of different gradient encoding modes, flexible continuous control of transmitted harmonic waves is demonstrated. This work provides a solution for designing transmission-type time-varying digital coding metasurfaces to achieve flexible and continuous control of harmonics, thereby expanding the application potential of time-varying digital coding metasurfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"591 ","pages":"Article 132121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Xu , ZiYuan Liu , NaiXin Liu , Bing Wang , Tong Zhang , WeiLing Guo , Jie Sun , AoQi Fang , JiXin Liu
{"title":"A novel intermittent mesa structure with an Rh reflective layer and sloped sidewalls for high-power DUV LEDs","authors":"Hao Xu , ZiYuan Liu , NaiXin Liu , Bing Wang , Tong Zhang , WeiLing Guo , Jie Sun , AoQi Fang , JiXin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The light extraction efficiency (LEE) of deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) can be effectively improved by reflecting photons to the substrate side of the device through the optical waveguide modulation technique on the sloped sidewall. In this paper, by choosing different mask materials and adjusting the mask thickness, the angles of the mesa sidewalls (30°, 45°, 70°) were precisely controlled during etching. We thoroughly analyzed the performance of devices with these varied sidewall angles through experimental measurements and simulations, elucidating the impact of mask material and thickness on sidewall angles. More importantly, this paper has introduced an intermittent mesa structure based on 45° sloped sidewalls, which is able to increase the sidewall area of the device while effectively guaranteeing the integrity of the mesa. Meanwhile, the device used Ni/Rh/Ti as both p electrode and sidewall reflective layer, and the prepared devices show excellent performance with a radiant flux of 183.98 mW (@500 mA) and a wall-pull efficiency (WPE) of 7.33 % (@250 mA).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"591 ","pages":"Article 132105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoxian Song , Xun Liu , Tianchen Ji , Chaoyang Li , Ruihuan Zhang , Haiting Zhang , Liping Liu , Jingjing Zhang , Zijie Dai , Yunxia Ye , Xudong Ren , Jianquan Yao
{"title":"Chiral terahertz multifunctional metasurface based on Dirac semimetal for wavefront manipulation","authors":"Xiaoxian Song , Xun Liu , Tianchen Ji , Chaoyang Li , Ruihuan Zhang , Haiting Zhang , Liping Liu , Jingjing Zhang , Zijie Dai , Yunxia Ye , Xudong Ren , Jianquan Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunable chiral metasurfaces provide more options for multifunctional terahertz devices, which has attracted extensive attention from researchers. In the paper, we proposed a double split ring tunable chiral metasurface based on Dirac semimetals (DSM). For linearly polarized waves are incident, the DSM metasurface acted as a linear-to-circular (LTP) polarization converter at 1.36 THz. For circularly polarized waves are incident, the strong chiral properties of the metasurface can be dynamically controlled by changing the Fermi level of the DSM. The maximum circular dichroism (CD) of the chiral metasurface is 0.95 at 1.39 THz. In addition, based on the theory of Panchalatnam-Berry (PB) phase, multifunctional applications including beam focusing, deflection, and splitting can be achieved through the reasonable design of meta-atoms with tailored phase distributions. Furthermore, the controllable near field image was realized by arranging the meta-atoms of the original and mirror metasurface. These results are expected to have broad application prospects in terahertz communication, image processing and other fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"591 ","pages":"Article 132120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Silicon-on-insulator coupled waveguide-resonator sensor: Trade-off between sensitivity and other performance parameters","authors":"Muhammad Ali Butt","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a novel silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-based coupled waveguide-resonator sensor integrated with a hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPWG) for refractive index sensing. Unlike conventional dielectric waveguide sensors, the proposed design incorporates a metal-dielectric HPWG segment within the resonant cavity, significantly enhancing light–matter interaction and thus improving sensitivity. This hybrid integration achieves a maximum sensitivity of 210 nm/RIU, surpassing that of standard waveguide configurations. However, this improvement comes with trade-offs in terms of reduced figure of merit (FOM), quality factor (Q-factor), and increased limit of detection (LOD), due to higher propagation losses. The study systematically analyzes and optimizes the interplay between sensitivity, FOM, Q-factor, and LOD, offering a balanced approach for high-performance photonic biosensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"591 ","pages":"Article 132115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoyu Pang , Shenghui Zhao , Weiwei Men , Shaobin Liu
{"title":"Design of miniaturized frequency selective rasorber with high angular stability","authors":"Xiaoyu Pang , Shenghui Zhao , Weiwei Men , Shaobin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, by utilizing the theory of oblique incident grating lobes and characteristic mode analysis (CMA), we proposed a miniaturized frequency selective rasorber (FSR), which is composed of a compact frequency selective surface (FSS) with wide-angle stability and a multimode resistor-loaded absorber with wide absorption band. After simulated optimization and experimental verification, the measured results indicate that the proposed FSR can achieve efficient transmission with an insertion loss of less than 3 dB within the 3.3–6 GHz band, and wideband absorption with an absorption rate of over 80 % within the 8.7–16.5 GHz band. The FSR exhibits a low profile and stable response at different incident angles and polarizations, making it suitable for compact stealth platform design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"591 ","pages":"Article 132113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huanyu Zhang , Yue Liu , Huili Tang , Jun Xu , Bo Liu , Zeming Qi
{"title":"Phonon polariton in thin β-Ga2O3 crystal","authors":"Huanyu Zhang , Yue Liu , Huili Tang , Jun Xu , Bo Liu , Zeming Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thickness constraint of thin crystals imposes spatial limitations on phonon polaritons (PhPs) and thus significantly affects their properties. In this work, we theoretically study the PhPs in different type hyperbolic bands of thin β-gallium oxide (β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) crystals and find that the volume-confined phonon polaritons (v-PhPs) can be launched. The v-PhPs excited by the light frequency corresponding to type Ⅰ<sub>┴</sub> hyperbolic bands can propagate along in-plane direction which is impossible in bulk crystal. Furthermore, the modes coupling results in a “petal-like” isofrequency curve for the v-PhPs excited by the light frequency of type Ⅱ<sub>‖</sub> hyperbolic bands in thin β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, enabling the polariton waves to propagate along mutually orthogonal directions. This feature renders the thin crystal as a dynamic beamsplitter that can be activated by selecting an appropriate incident wavelength, thereby facilitating the manipulation of light or heat propagation. These findings provide a promising avenue for applications in nanophotonic and heat conduction applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"591 ","pages":"Article 132112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}