{"title":"Photonic physically unclonable functions using randomly positioned aluminum nanoholes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of the Internet of Things, the volume of information and communication has significantly increased, highlighting the critical need for enhanced data security. Physically unclonable functions (PUFs), which generate encryption keys through nondeterministic and replication-resistant methods, have been proposed as a solution. Among the various types of PUFs, optical-based PUFs are gaining attention owing to their ability to leverage light for rapid measurements and their superior resistance and complexity to replication compared to other methods. In this study, we proposed a photonic PUF based on an aluminum film structure with randomly positioned nanoholes on a substrate. Light transmission through this structure resulted in scattering owing to localized and propagating surface plasmon resonances. The resulting image was digitized to generate an encryption key. Our tests involved adjusting the filling factor (FF) and pixel size, yielding a high randomness of 49.87% and a high bit density of 1.6 × 10<sup>7</sup> bits/cm<sup>2</sup>. The independent bits produced a total of 258 bits, closely matching the actual bit count of 256 bits. Furthermore, applying a Gaussian distribution to the hole sizes, assuming a more realistic scenario, yielded favorable results. This structure is cost-effective owing to the simplicity of its materials, production method, and design. Additionally, its compact size of 40 μm × 40 μm makes it ideal for miniaturization and integration into various applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lamellar beam with similar propagation and imaging characteristics to a Bessel beam","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A lamellar beam is proposed and investigated. Based on the Fresnel diffraction integral, the propagation of the beam in free space has been studied. Meanwhile, the non-diffracting and self-reconstructing properties of the beam are verified through an efficient and user-friendly optical design. We built a microscopic imaging system and used the lamellar beam for illumination, obtained a 200 × 200 pixels micrograph of a 1 mm thick sample containing fluorescent beads. We obtained a micrograph with a resolution of 1 μm, which is better than using a Gaussian beam and comparable to using a Bessel beam but spent less than a third of the time it would have taken when using Bessel beam.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward a fast and non-darkroom solution for speckle correlation based scattering imaging","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Speckle correlation-based scattering imaging is an ingenious field, as it allows for the efficient reconstruction of object images using computational techniques in a simple setup. However, this method typically necessitates high-contrast speckle images captured in a darkroom environment, restricting its applicability to specific scenarios. Here, we present a fast and non-darkroom imaging framework, namely FNDI, for reconstructing objects through scattering media under ambient light interference. Specifically, a speckle illumination model is established guided by the total variational Retinex (TV-Retinex) theory, and the speckle illumination component is adjusted to obtain an enhanced speckle with significantly improved contrast. Then, a modified Fienup algorithm with the iteration-driven shrinkwrap (IDS) strategy is employed to rapidly reconstruct the object image through tens of iterations. Extensive experiments are conducted under different lighting conditions to evaluate FNDI in comparison with existing non-darkroom methods and the classical speckle correlation method. The results demonstrate that FNDI is effective and efficient, making it highly attractive for practical scattering imaging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An improvement of optical PPM communication with high security","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this paper is to celebrate Sir D. Payne’s 80th birthday by dedicating our latest results as a continuation of his work in optical communications. One of the important issues in optical communications is to protect the transmission information data passing through optical fiber channels. Many ideas have been proposed and are being actively developed to implement in the physical layer of ultra-high-speed communications. As a representative example, a methodology that achieves this goal by fusing modulation techniques in ordinary optical communications and mathematical cipher is being actively studied. To further clarify this advantage, a theoretical concept has been proposed to solve the problem by adopting a PPM code format. However, this scheme has several difficulties at the implementation stage. Thus, this paper presents an optical scheme on modulation and receiver that eliminate those drawbacks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-wavelength spectral reconstruction with localized speckle pattern","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The speckle-based reconstructive spectrometers (RSs) retrieve spectra in a smart and single-shot way, significantly increasing the measurement rate compared to traditional spectrometers with scanning devices. Reports on high-speed multi-wavelength detection in the infrared region are scarce due to limited detector frame rates, unlike in the visible light spectrum, where silicon-based cameras are commonly used for wavemeters. Current RSs commonly rely on full-pixel speckles, but this study demonstrates that localized speckles also convey global spectral information. Experimental results show that an integrating sphere's local speckles can improve spectral measurement speed by 35 times with minimal loss in accuracy compared to full-pixel speckles of a multimode fiber (MMF). The study investigates the influence of the position and size of local speckles on RSs. The optimization criterion for balancing pixel number, measurement speed and reconstruction accuracy is also presented. This research contributes to speedy transmission matrix calibration and detailed observation of agile spectral evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Terahertz refractive index control of 3D printing materials by UV exposure","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of THz optics based on metamaterials to overcome the limited availability of suitable materials for conventional optics. Although 3D printing technology is a promising method for rapidly fabricating these subwavelength structures, the structural degree of freedom for 3D printed metamaterials is still limited by the optical properties of printing materials. In this study, we controlled the THz refractive index and extinction coefficient of the 3D printing resin by UV exposure doses during the printing process. Samples were fabricated as uniform plates under different curing conditions in printing, and their optical properties were measured in the range between 0.3 THz and 2.0 THz using THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The refractive index and extinction coefficient were changed from 1.65 to 1.80, and from 0.04 to 0.12, respectively, with increasing UV doses from 1 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, which allows resin to solidify and become printable, to 100 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, where the optical changes become almost saturated. The results provide insights into optimizing the fabrication process of THz devices, even those with a gradient and complex refractive index profile, by utilizing 3D printing technology for a broad range of applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physical layer security enhancement scheme for PDM-16QAM system based on seven-dimensional CNN hyperchaotic encryption","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper presents a secure communication scheme for the optical physical layer based on a seven-dimensional (7-D) Cellular Neural Network (CNN) hyperchaotic encryption. The encryption scheme utilizes a 7-D CNN hyperchaotic system to generate a hyperchaotic sequence as the key source. A portion of this key is selected to encrypt the plaintext image. The proposed scheme has been successfully implemented in a PDM-16QAM system with a data rate of 224 Gbps over a 200 km single-mode fiber (SMF). Experimental results show that authorized users can successfully decrypt the received signal, while eavesdroppers are unable to obtain useful information with a bit error rate (BER) of approximately 0.5. The key space of the scheme is 10<sup>1792</sup>. Through key sensitivity analysis and key space analysis, it is known that the proposed encryption system can effectively resist various attacks by cryptanalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Incoherent, chimera and coherent behaviors in ring of locally and array of non-locally coupled current-modulated edge-emitting semiconductor lasers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The investigation in this paper on the ring of locally and the array of non-locally coupled current-modulated (CM) edge-emitting semiconductor lasers (EESLs) is numerical. The dynamical characteristics of a ring of locally coupled CMEESLs display incoherent and chimera behaviors for small values of coupling strength while coherent behaviors are observed for large values of coupling strength. The dynamical characteristics of a circlet of non-locally twained CMEESLs reveal that the twaining force is of great importance when considering the coherent and incoherent characteristics of the nodes found inside the circlet. Considering the twaining force in an infinitesimal interval, the array of non-locally coupled CMEESLs displays chimera states. Incrementing the twaining force, the array of non-locally coupled CMEESLs is in a state of coherency and a total destruction of the chimera states is observed. The findings in this paper suggest that the ring of locally and array of non-locally coupled CMEESLs under study could have significant implications for applications in neuro-inspired computing, particularly in neuromimetic computing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance evaluation of ∼2.1 μm microchip laser operation in Ho3+ doped germanate glass","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An in-band pumped continuous wave (CW) ∼2.1 μm microchip laser is presented for the first time based on a short cavity Ho<sup>3+</sup> doped germanate glass (GeO<sub>2</sub>-PbO-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Na<sub>2</sub>O: GPGN). A 1.94 μm, 5 W Tm<sup>3+</sup> fiber laser was employed for the excitation of the Ho<sup>3+</sup> ions. A 19% laser slope efficiency was achieved in a simple, unoptimized plane parallel Fabry-Perot cavity configuration. A positive thermal lens was estimated in the laser cavity with a sensitivity factor of <em>S</em> ∼31 m<sup>−1</sup>W<sup>−1</sup> and an optical path distortion value exceeding 6 μm. The laser results along with the analysis of the thermal lens indicate that with improved thermal management and an optimized cavity configuration GPGN is a promising gain medium for microchip laser operation around 2.1 μm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strongly localized nanolaser based on the vertical dipole governed by bound states in the continuum","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasmall mode volumes and strongly localized fields are crucial for the miniaturization and performance enhancement of nanolasers. Here, we demonstrate a nanolaser based on a vertical dipole resonance coupled to its mirror in a periodic array of nanopillars on an Ag mirror, governed by symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BICs), which possess extremely small mode volumes and high field enhancement. A nanolaser with a strongly localized field size of only ∼λ/300 (where λ is the resonant wavelength) can be explored by using this vertical dipole. Compared to a vertical dipole nanolaser without a silver mirror, the effective mode volume can be reduced by an order of magnitude, and the threshold can decrease from 5.85 to 0.337 μJ/mm<sup>2</sup>. Additionally, by controlling further investigated the angle of the incident light, we can also adjust the threshold of the nanolaser. When the incidence angle is adjusted from 9° to 1°, the threshold can be reduced from 1.43 to 0.299 μJ/mm<sup>2</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}