Sergey N. Mantsevich, Vladimir I. Balakshy, Evgeniy A. Dyakonov
{"title":"Collinear acousto-optic diffraction based optoelectronic oscillator","authors":"Sergey N. Mantsevich, Vladimir I. Balakshy, Evgeniy A. Dyakonov","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present the results of an optoelectronic oscillator based on collinear acousto-optic (AO) filter characterization. The system includes hybrid feedback and operates above the self-excitation threshold. Thus, it does not require the RF generator to arouse ultrasound in the AO cell. The rise time and delay time dependencies on the optoelectronic feedback parameters were defined. It was found that by tuning the feedback gain it is possible to vary the system time characteristics in a fairly wide range. The examination of the feedback loop phase shift influence on the system operation made it possible to discover the existence of multistability, manifested in an abrupt change of the feedback loop RF signal frequency and, consequently, the optical radiation intensity at the AO cell output. The multistability existence was explained in terms of the phase balance condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"588 ","pages":"Article 131934"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflectance spectral characteristics and imaging mechanism of silicon-based lithography chips based on coaxial broadband illumination","authors":"Donghui Zhang , Tianxi Zhai , Yingjie Yu , Xiangyang Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optical performance of silicon-based lithography chips is crucial for optimizing optoelectronic devices. However, as lithography processes advance to the nanoscale, traditional single-wavelength light sources face challenges in resolving the complex surface structures of silicon-based lithography chips. To address this issue, this study proposed a tunable broadband spectral illumination microscopy imaging method based on reflection characteristics for chip detection, and explored the effects of different lighting conditions on lithographic imaging quality. Through an in-depth analysis of the interaction between light and silicon-based lithography chips, the study revealed the feedback effects of illumination conditions on surface electric field distribution and imaging performance. Using finite element simulations, a silicon-based chip model was established to simulate surface electric field distribution and reflection spectral characteristics under different wavelength light sources. The results clearly indicated the significant role of short-wavelength light in exciting surface charges and enhancing the local electric field. The study identified the key influence mechanisms of multi-wavelength light sources in optimizing lithographic imaging quality. The findings demonstrated that the green wavelength band at 525 nm exhibited the best performance in exciting surface charges and enhancing the local electric field. The average reflectance reached 38.45 % and 41.37 % on simple and complex surfaces, respectively, while the Strehl ratio was the highest at 0.49 and 0.43, indicating an effective improvement in imaging quality. Additionally, the study confirmed that the primary mechanism for electric field enhancement was the localized surface plasmon resonance effect. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing characterization methods for complex surface structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 131990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuyi Zhang , Wanqing Li , Zhihuan Li , Jingyang Xu , Wei Li
{"title":"Research on vortex beam pumping technology of alkali metal atoms","authors":"Shuyi Zhang , Wanqing Li , Zhihuan Li , Jingyang Xu , Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New quantum devices such as atomic gyroscope, atomic magnetometer and atomic clock have broad application prospects in different field. Vortex beam is a spiral phase beam. Compared with Gaussian beam, each photon of vortex beam contains orbital angular momentum (OAM). Electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) is a kind of atomic coherence effect, which has a good performance in the transient response dynamics. In this paper, the transverse relaxation time of alkali metals is measured by EIT method. The effect of vortex beam on the electron polarizability of alkali metals is studied by comparing the relaxation time. At the same time, the improvement of polarization uniformity by vortex beam is studied from both simulation and experiment. The result shows that the polarization of alkali metals is increased via pumped by vortex beam.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 131942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aalolika Roy Chowdhury , Md. Shahriar Hasan , A.K.M. Baki
{"title":"High efficiency & ultra-wideband polarization rotator metasurface for THz waves","authors":"Aalolika Roy Chowdhury , Md. Shahriar Hasan , A.K.M. Baki","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The terahertz (THz) spectrum holds a notable prospect for the growth of 6G wireless technologies due to its higher frequency and excellent sensing abilities. Photonics-based research requires a highly efficient THz polarization converter that possesses both wide bandwidth and high conversion efficiency. In this paper, a novel hexagonal crescent-shaped polarization converter metasurface (HCPCM) is presented that operates within the frequency range of 1.27 to 3.93 THz. The unit cell exhibits a fractional bandwidth of 102.31% (at -10 dB), establishing an ultra-wideband response within the operating frequency band. Efficient cross-polarization conversion takes place at the four plasmonic resonances of 1.35 THz, 1.92 THz, 3.04 THz, and 3.8 THz as Polarization Conversion Ratio (PCR) reaches 100% at these frequencies for normal incidence. Furthermore, HCPCM demonstrates angular stability up to an incidence angle of 35<span><math><mo>°</mo></math></span>, holding PCR above 80% at all resonant frequencies. These features make HCPCM suitable for several applications, including High-Speed Wireless Communication, Medical Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Environmental Monitoring. Theoretical research, as well as comprehensive 3D full-wave simulations, affirmed the efficacy of the proposed design in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"588 ","pages":"Article 131931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nan-nan Li , Long-fei Feng , Shao-jie Ji , Hao-nan Yan , Kun Yang , Di Wang , Xiao-wei Li , Su-juan Liu
{"title":"Optimized double-coefficient error diffusion method for suppressing speckle noise in holographic display","authors":"Nan-nan Li , Long-fei Feng , Shao-jie Ji , Hao-nan Yan , Kun Yang , Di Wang , Xiao-wei Li , Su-juan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we propose an optimized double-coefficient error diffusion method to suppress the speckle noise in computer-generated holography. The information of the object is recorded as a complex amplitude hologram (CAH). Then, the CAH is converted into a phase-only hologram (POH). In this process, the even and odd row pixels of the CAH are scanned bidirectionally and further processed. The phase error is compensated to two adjacent pixels that have not been visited before. Meanwhile, the optimal diffusion direction and coefficient are selected. The POH is loaded on the spatial light modulator during optical reconstruction. Compared to the traditional double-coefficient error diffusion method, the proposed method is optimized for the pixel scanning direction, error diffusion direction and diffusion coefficient. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate improved reconstruction quality with the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"588 ","pages":"Article 131943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An improved JPEG compression method for digital hologram based on adaptive quantization table","authors":"Lei Hu, Jinbin Gui, Xianfei Hu, Zhuojian Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of holography applications, compressing digital holograms is of increasing interest, and the standardization of hologram compression technology is a general trend. In this paper, we present an improved hologram compression method based on an adaptive JPEG quantization table. Initially, the hologram spectrum undergoes pre-processing to remove background noise. This pre-processing step makes the hologram spectrum more amenable to quantization. Subsequently, a formula for generating different adaptive quantization tables is proposed which can generate different adaptive quantization table for different holograms. The pre-processed hologram image is then quantized using this adaptive JPEG quantization table, followed by entropy encoding to further improve the compression ratio of the hologram. Simulation and experimental results show that the presented method improves the compression ratio of holograms while ensuring high-quality reconstruction compared to the JPEG standard. The PSNR value of the reconstructed image from compressed hologram reached 28.3642 dB, the MS-SSIM value was 0.8944, and the achieved compression ratio reached 97.35.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 131987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physical security attacks on symbol masking schemes using time-spread cryptographic keys in digital coherent communication","authors":"Keiji Shimada, Reika Suketomo, Masahiro Misumi, Mizuki Inagaki, Takahiro Kodama","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we propose and evaluate a time-spread cryptographic key scheme for enhancing the physical layer security of optical communication systems. The proposed method diffuses cryptographic key information in the time domain, introducing complexity to the relationship between keys and symbols. This scheme is applied to both symbol-variable and symbol-fixed masking schemes, focusing on Nyquist dual-polarization <em>M</em>-ary quadrature amplitude modulation signals (<em>M</em> = 4, 16). Simulations are conducted to analyze the normalized generalized mutual information (NGMI) characteristics under various conditions, including eavesdropping scenarios with varying wiretap ratios and time-spreading parameters. Results demonstrate that the time-spread cryptographic key scheme effectively degrades the signal quality for eavesdroppers, maintaining NGMI below the forward error correction threshold (NGMI = 0.8) even at high eavesdropping rates of 50 %, 99 %, and 100 %. Furthermore, the scheme preserves the integrity of encryption randomness while requiring minimal modification to existing communication architectures. These findings establish the robustness of the proposed approach, and offer a promising solution for secure optical communication systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 131986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Wang , Xindie Chen , Wei Shi , Yaolin Fei , Yao Ma , Liujing Xu , Dawid Piatkowski , Wensong Li
{"title":"Blue diode pumping: unveiling the potential for deep-red Ho3+-doped fluoride fiber lasers","authors":"Peng Wang , Xindie Chen , Wei Shi , Yaolin Fei , Yao Ma , Liujing Xu , Dawid Piatkowski , Wensong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blue laser diodes (LDs) have gained significant attention as cost-effective pump sources for efficient visible rare-earth (RE) doped fiber lasers, owing to their high power and brightness. In this study, we investigate the potential of blue LDs as pump sources for deep-red holmium-doped fluorozirconate glass (Ho:ZrF<sub>4</sub>) fiber lasers. We report, for the first time, watt-level, high-efficiency operation of a 75X nm Ho:ZrF<sub>4</sub> fiber laser directly pumped by 442 nm LDs. This diode-pumped laser achieved a record output power of 1.04 W, with a maximum slope efficiency of about 53 % for a 25-cm long fiber—corresponding to approximately 90 % of the Stokes efficiency limit. Additionally, we demonstrate the shortest cavity length ever used for a deep-red fiber laser: several centimeters level 75X nm cavity fiber laser pumped by blue LDs. Operating under dual-wavelength pumping at 442 and 449 nm, this laser achieved an output power of 0.15 W and a slope efficiency of 15 % with respect to the 442 nm pump power. The experimental results are in close agreement with numerical model used to optimize all cavity configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 131983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unidirectional frequency doubling laser based on lithium niobate on insulator","authors":"Ruyi Xia , Ranran Xie , Xueqing Cui , Yuechen Jia , Feng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unidirectional transmission of on-chip light sources is crucial for constructing photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Establishing exceptional points (EPs) or exceptional surfaces (ES) represents a significant approach to achieving unidirectional transmission. We study an on-chip integrated unidirectional frequency doubling laser based on the second-order optical nonlinearity of lithium niobate and the realization of ES through asymmetrical mode coupling in the microcavity. The device integrates frequency conversion and unidirectional laser transmission into a single module, compatible with the realization of multi-functional PICs. Moreover, the performance of the device exhibits high tolerance to parameter variations. The proposed device exhibiting stable performance and ease of fabrication offers novel insights into the development of PICs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 131984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diamond-like carbon on gold and titanium dioxide grating-enhanced D-shaped PCF SPR refractive index sensor","authors":"İlhan Erdogan , Yusuf Dogan , Ali Altuntepe","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a novel D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) refractive index sensor structure is designed, optimized, and numerically investigated via the finite element method (FEM)-based COMSOL Multiphysics in the near-infrared region incorporating diamond-like carbon (DLC), gold (Au), and titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) grating. According to the available literature, the integration of DLC thin film with a D-shaped PCF SPR sensor has not been explored. The optical and chemical properties of DLC thin film are obtained through our experimental study by utilizing the Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition method. The refractive index dispersion of DLC film is used in FEM based numerical analysis. Due to DLC's key advantages, including high hardness and strong wear resistance, corrosion resistance, chemical stability, biocompatibility and hydrophobicity, it is an ideal material for sensor applications. Regarding these advantages, we were motivated to demonstrate the applicability of DLC on the D-shaped PCF-SPR sensor structure for the first time in the literature. From the FEM study, it is observed that compared to Au/TiO<sub>2</sub> and Au/TiO<sub>2</sub>/DLC, the sensor with DLC showed a 43.61 % improvement, and sensitivity was calculated as 31745 nm/RIU in the 1.39–1.40 refractive index range. Numerical results indicate that integrating DLC into the D-shaped PCF-SPR sensor structure is an effective approach. Compared to other related works, the designed PCF SPR sensor has improved responses, a longer lifespan, and a wider sensing area in addition to DLC advantages. Because of these advantages, the novel proposed D-shaped PCF SPR structure with DLC demonstrates remarkable sensing potential for use in applications including chemical, medical, biochemical, and other sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"588 ","pages":"Article 131980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}