{"title":"An LED light propagation cavity with staggered light bars for eliminating the Hot Spot","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The light source of traditional edge-lit backlight modules typically consists of LED bars which composed of multiple LED chips. However, the spacing between the chips can create distinct bright and dark spots (Hot Spot) on the input surface of the light guide plate (LGP), thereby affecting the optical performance of the backlight module. In this paper, we proposed an edge-lit backlight module with staggered light bars, incorporating a light propagation cavity design to enhance light receiving efficiency and eliminate Hot Spot. Firstly, we designed the structure of the staggered light bars and the light propagation cavity. Secondly, the advantages of the new backlight module design in eliminating Hot Spot were verified through TracePro simulations. The simulation results showed that the maximum irradiance of the backlight module reached 81,010 W/m<sup>2</sup>, and the luminance uniformity peaked at 75.142 %. Compared to the traditional backlight modules, the light receiving efficiency was increased by 6.62 %, and the luminance uniformity was improved by 1.34 times, which effectively mitigated the Hot Spot. Finally, we discussed the impact of the improved backlight module in reducing the thickness of the LGP and decreasing the number of LED chips, achieved superior optical performance. This study demonstrates the significant advantages of the light propagation cavity in eliminating Hot Spot within backlight modules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-environment robust polarization navigation sensor and the parameter adaptive prediction method","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a type of photosensitive sensor, the polarization navigation sensor is susceptible to variations in external optical information. Experiments have demonstrated that light intensity is one of the factors influencing solution parameters. Considering that traditional polarization navigation sensor cannot detect light intensity effectively, a polarization sensor with light intensity detection capability is designed. Additionally, a neural network-based adaptive parameter method is proposed. By utilizing a neural network for the real-time solution degree of linear polarization (DLOP) and combining the light intensity information with polarization information from the new sensor, the method finally realizes the prediction of external solution parameters, thus enabling the solution model to adapt to the environmental variations. Finally, the effectiveness of the adaptive prediction method is verified by experiments. The results of outdoor experiments show that the adaptive prediction method reduces the mean square error (MSE) of angle of polarization (AOP) by approximately 42.11%, 44.78%, and 52.83% compared to the convention solution method under sunny, cloudy, and overcast conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A general stitching measurement for stereo deflectometry","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A slope stitching algorithm is proposed to fulfill the measurement of a large object under the limited field of view in a stereo deflectometry system. The tested object can be easily divided into three sub-apertures under a unique world coordinate system w.r.t. the valid regions of the two cameras. Then the sub-apertures are stitched via slopes instead of point cloud. And, to produce a much smoother slope in the common regions of two cameras, a weighted average method is used to guide the merging process of the slope. The method expands the measurement area into a binocular combination area without the need for predefined markers or moving any devices. Experimental results confirm the feasibility and efficiency of our proposed algorithm, highlighting its advantages in testing large-size optical elements with high accuracy and cost-effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030401824008769/pdfft?md5=e1e4fb755671894a0a750948a265a28c&pid=1-s2.0-S0030401824008769-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temperature and magnetic field fiber sensor with high sensitivity and linearity based on surface plasmon resonance","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A temperature and magnetic field dual parametric sensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect is proposed. Designed using a special hexagonal air-hole cladding structure to form defects, the compact gold-coated sensor is filled with magnetic fluid (MF) as the analyte in the PCF holes. By analyzing the resonant wavelength and loss as functions of temperature and magnetic field, simultaneous measurement of dual parameters is achieved. The results show that the sensor exhibits resonant wavelength sensitivities of 1993 pm/°C for temperature and −312.5 pm/Oe for magnetic field. Similarly, the resonant loss sensitivities are 0.816 dB/°C and −0.1226 dB/Oe, respectively. With its high sensitivity and linearity, the proposed sensor holds substantial potential for applications in diverse fields such as biology, chemistry, and marine exploration, offering significant advantages for laboratory and environmental measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030401824008770/pdfft?md5=1b24d138c17842f3075b2c190619bef6&pid=1-s2.0-S0030401824008770-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Error performance analysis for OOK modulated optical camera communication systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating image sensors’ imaging capabilities into the receiver for visible light communication is a prominent characteristic of optical camera communication (OCC). However, the exposure effect during imaging distorts received waveforms and introduces inter-symbol interference (ISI), leading to decreased OCC reliability. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the impact of image sensor exposure effects on the error performance of OCC systems. Analytical expressions of the pixel signal-to-interference and noise ratio (PSINR) are derived using the pulse response function (PRF) for an on-off keying (OOK) modulated OCC system with varying exposure times. Furthermore, the bit error rate (BER) performance is evaluated analytically using PSINR, and a straightforward BER measurement scheme is proposed for experimental validation. Results from analyses and experiments conducted under different exposure times indicate that longer exposures lead to increased ISI and decreased PSINR, thereby increasing the error probability of data demodulation. Additionally, a combined impact of noise and exposure on OCC system reliability is observed, highlighting noise-limited and interference-limited characteristics under low and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, respectively. By utilizing PSINR as a bridge, this paper precisely analyzes OCC system reliability under exposure effects, laying a theoretical foundation for system design and optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030401824008587/pdfft?md5=9dcd504d2bbdda24a2e51e34fcb3bdbd&pid=1-s2.0-S0030401824008587-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inverse design of metamaterial for dual-band infrared camouflage along with dual-band thermal management","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optical metamaterial for infrared camouflage with thermal management is an artificial structure available to not only evade the detection of various thermal imagers operating in distinct infrared wavebands but also ensure the thermal stability of the target. However, designing such an optical metamaterial is challenging due to the necessity to optimize numerous structural parameters simultaneously, especially metamaterials that are compatible with multiple functions. Herein, this paper proposes a novel inverse design method, combining African vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA) with rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA), to design an optical metamaterial capable of achieving infrared camouflage and thermal management compatibly. The proposed metamaterial enables dual-band infrared camouflage for mid-wave infrared (MWIR, 3–5 μm) and long-wave infrared (LWIR, 8–14 μm), along with thermal management through dual-band non-atmospheric windows of 5–8 μm and 14–17 μm. Comparing to other intelligent optimization algorithms, the AVOA is exceptionally efficient, which only takes less time than others to get better results. This work not only provides theoretical guidance to design an optical metamaterial for infrared camouflage with thermal management, but also has the potential to solve the multi-objective optimization problems of multi-band or wide-band radiative modulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-broadband high-isolation circularly polarized Low-RCS shared-aperture antenna array based on mushroom-type metasurface","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a metasurface (MS)-based dual-broadband high-isolation circularly polarized (CP) shared-aperture antenna array with in-band radar cross section (RCS) reduction is proposed. The higher-band antenna consists of a metasurface composed of four surrounded subarrays and a center driven patch. The lower-band antenna is composed of four patch antennas fed by a sequential-rotated feeding network. The mushroom-type metasurface works as additional radiators for extending the operating band in the higher-band and reducing the mutual coupling in the lower-band simultaneously. The working bands are broadened to 15.4% (5.40–6.30 GHz) and 12.9% (4.13–4.70 GHz) at the higher and the lower bands, respectively. Over 22 dB isolation is obtained by reusing the electromagnetic bandgap property of the mushroom-type metasurface. Moreover, the RCS of the antenna array is reduced due to the diffusion of the metasurface. Over 5 dB in-band RCS reduction is achieved. A sample is fabricated and measured. The experimental and simulated results are in good agreement, indicating that the proposed shared-aperture antenna array can find application in synthetic aperture radar, aircraft, and stealth platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030401824008642/pdfft?md5=dabb5830a3788b86e0080cd371518598&pid=1-s2.0-S0030401824008642-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-time demonstration of 64 × 200 Gbps UDWDM-PON downstream transmission based on silicon photonic integrated transceiver","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coherent detection, high-order modulation, and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technologies provide solutions for increasing bandwidth demand of future access networks. We experimentally demonstrate a real-time 64 × 200-Gb/s coherent ultra-dense wavelength-division (UDWDM) coherent passive optical networks (PONs) at 75-GHz channel spacing. The demonstrated downlink transmission is realized with the dual-polarization QPSK (DP-QPSK) modulation scheme. The cost is reduced by using silicon photonic integrated coherent transceiver modules and wider grid AWGs. The power budget is evaluated when all 200 channels are launched at C band. The power budget is 26 dB after 20-km G.652D standard single mode fiber (SSMF) transmission without amplifier at the receiver side under soft-decision FEC (SD-FEC) threshold of 1 × 10<sup>−2</sup>, and can achieve 32.5 dB with pre-amplified semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) used at the receiver side.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030401824008630/pdfft?md5=a277b51cd32b33b49a275f259a0c20bd&pid=1-s2.0-S0030401824008630-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel method of high-speed all-optical logic gate based on metalens","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel approach to constructing all-optical logic gates based on metalens. The designed structure enables the realization of five commonly used logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, XOR, XNOR). Each logic gate is composed of two to three metalenses. The advantages of this approach are as follows: 1. Metalens offer flexible phase control capabilities, overcoming the strict phase requirements in traditional optical logic gate design. 2. The miniaturization of the metalens makes integration possible and provides a potential method for high-speed parallel optical computing. 3. By controlling different types and quantities of metalens, various types of logic gates can be formed, enhancing programmability during use. The contrast values for the designed logic gates are as follows: 27.95 dB (OR), 18.18 dB (AND), 10.83 dB (NOT), 10.29 dB (XNOR), and 13.56 dB (XOR). With similar structures, the bit rates for the five logic gates at a 50% duty cycle range from 1.04 to 1.05 Tb/s. Overall, these results demonstrate a successful balance between contrast and transmission speed when utilizing metalens to realize all-optical logic gates. From the results, the logic gate proposed in this paper has high contrast and transmission speed, which proves the rationality of using metalens to realize all-optical logic gate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compact mid-infrared dual-wavelength optical parametric oscillator pumped by Yb-doped fiber lasers based on two PPMgLN crystals","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A compact mid-infrared (MIR) dual-wavelength optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by Yb-doped fiber lasers (YDFLs) based on dual-crystal with an L-shaped cavity structure is demonstrated. Two periodically poled MgO-doped lithium niobite (PPMgLN) crystals with polarization periods of 30.44 μm and 28.96 μm are pumped by two YDFLs, respectively. The dual-wavelength output at 3.45 μm and 4.00 μm is obtained synchronously by adjusting the double pump power. When the total power of double-end pumping is 28.98 W with a ratio of 2:3, the pulse width is 60.80 ns under the repetition frequency of 110 kHz, the output power is 1.483 [email protected] μm and 1.703 [email protected] μm, respectively. The total conversion efficiency is 10.99%. By utilizing this cavity structure, the gain and wavelength tuning of the two OPOs can be controlled separately. Meanwhile, the pulse width is 46.93 [email protected] μm and 39.38 [email protected] μm, respectively. The laser beam quality closely approaches the theoretical quality of the fundamental mode beam. Additionally, by independently adjusting the temperature of the two PPMgLN crystals from 20 °C to 150 °C, tunable mid-infrared laser outputs with wavelengths of 3.448–3.272 μm and 4.006–3.864 μm are achieved. The corresponding tuning bandwidths are 176 nm and 142 nm, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030401824008678/pdfft?md5=689735295888262de4a1842d346af7c1&pid=1-s2.0-S0030401824008678-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}