{"title":"To double transmission distance of optical fiber communication based on MIMO-CMA and MRC","authors":"Ying Wu, Jianjun Yu, Jianyu Long, Qiutong Zhang, Weiping Li, Bohan Sang, Tianqi Zheng, Bing Zhang, Wen Zhou, Kaihui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relentless pursuit of longer data transmission in fiber optic communications has led to the development of advanced signal processing techniques for multiplexing and detection. In this context, this paper presents a thorough investigation into the applicability of a novel Maximum Ratio Combining Algorithm (MRC) for Polarization Division Multiplexed (PDM) systems. Towards this objective, a detailed simulation study was carried out on commercial software, focusing on a PDM 16QAM long-haul coherent transmission system. The system leveraged the MIMO-CMA for equalization and MRC for signal combining, aiming to enhance the overall system performance. Furthermore, this research extended to an experimental demonstration of a 32G-Baud PDM-16QAM coherent transmission scheme. The experimental setup employed the MIMO-CMA and MRC techniques for signal processing over long-haul standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). Results from the experimental study are promising, revealing that the system utilizing MRC-based PDM-16QAM can achieve a maximum Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) gain of up to 2.3 dB, thereby almost twice the optical fiber transmission distance can be achieved. The findings of this paper confirm the viability of the proposed scheme for improving the performance of PDM coherent transmission systems. The research underscores the potential of PDM and MRC as powerful tools for next-generation long-haul coherent transmission system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 131466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on the time-frequency splitting mechanism of Pearcey-Gaussian pulses in optical fibers with Raman effect","authors":"Siyuan Pan, Guoxing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In fiber optic communication systems, an in-depth understanding of the pulse splitting mechanism is crucial for optimizing signal propagation and developing efficient optical devices. In particular, when the Raman effect is considered, tuning the pulse time-frequency splitting mechanism becomes critical for enhancing the signal quality in long-distance propagation systems. This paper systematically investigates the influ-ence of the Raman effect on the Pearcey-Gaussian pulse using the stepwise Fourier al-gorithm. The results show that the integral term coefficients have precise regulation on the shape and intensity distribution of the main flap; the truncation factor, on the other hand, can significantly change the intensity distribution of the side flap, and the nonlinear intensity regulates the spectral peak intensity. Meanwhile, all three factors affect the number of shed solitons. These findings deepen the understanding of the Pearcey-Gaussian pulse splitting mechanism under various parameters and provide new insights into pulse shaping in fiber optic communication systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 131478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Si-Qi Zhang , Bing Zhang , Bo Yan , Xiang-Qian Jiang , Jing Guo , Xiu-Dong Sun
{"title":"Elliptical attosecond pulses generated from mixed atomic gases in corotating bicircular laser fields","authors":"Si-Qi Zhang , Bing Zhang , Bo Yan , Xiang-Qian Jiang , Jing Guo , Xiu-Dong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a scheme for generating bright elliptically polarized attosecond pulses from mixed Ne–He gases driven by a <span><math><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>ω</mi></mrow></math></span> corotating bicircular field with a high optical chirality. We find that the harmonic spectra from the pure p-type states of Ne atoms in this corotating bicircular field possess a high chirality, and the harmonic intensity can be comparable to those in a <span><math><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>ω</mi></mrow></math></span> counterrotating bicircular field by increasing the intensity ratio. Moreover, since the interference between harmonics from mixed gases has different effects on right- and left-handed components of the adjacent harmonics, the spectra with large intensity difference in a wide energy region can be obtained. Simultaneously, constructive interference between every allowed harmonic from different gas targets leads to the enhancement of the harmonic intensity. Therefore, our results demonstrate that one can optimize the attosecond pulses in terms of ellipticity and intensity by using mixed atomic gases in the corotating bicircular field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 131436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianwen Wu, Rui Liu, Kaixiang Cheng, Zhendong Zhang, Dingyi Wang, Xiaosai Wang, Yi Liu, Yanhua Han, Yan Li
{"title":"Optically tunable broadband reflective metasurfaces for dynamic terahertz wave modulation","authors":"Jianwen Wu, Rui Liu, Kaixiang Cheng, Zhendong Zhang, Dingyi Wang, Xiaosai Wang, Yi Liu, Yanhua Han, Yan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Terahertz metasurfaces have potential applications in areas such as high-resolution imaging, wireless communications, and security detection. However, most of the previously reported metasurfaces are either static or tunable metasurfaces with limited overlap bandwidth, which hinders their application prospects. Here, a dynamically tuned terahertz metasurface was proposed based on the Pancharatnam–Berry phase principle. The insulator-to-metal phase transition of the photoconductive silicon allows the design of two independent resonators combined in a single unit structure and switched reflection phase shift under pump light illumination. Based on the multiple resonance theory, two resonators are carefully designed to achieve an overlapping bandwidth operating in the ultra-broadband range of 0.9–1.5 TH z. Consequently, a broadband vortex beam generator with switchable topological charges <em>l</em> = 2 and <em>l</em> = 1 was proposed. In addition, a broadband holographic memory also was demonstrated, allowing switching between different holograms. The propose broadband tunable metasurface not only has promising applications in vortex beam generation and holographic memory, but also provides a broad application prospect for the miniaturisation of future terahertz devices and increasing the capacity of communication systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 131481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trace determination of dimethyl phthalate based on double F-type multi-frequency resonant metamaterial sensor","authors":"Guocui Liu, Zhen Sun, Tingting Yuan, Xujun Xu, Jianjun Liu, Yong Du","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phthalate esters (PAEs) are a widely used plasticizer. Many studies have shown that some patients with some diseases such as breast, testis and kidney disease are related to their exposure to excessive PAEs. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is one of the substances in the PAEs group. The traditional methods of DMP detection have many problems, such as complicated operation, high cost and tedious sample preparation. Therefore, developing a fast, simple and low-cost DMP detection technology is necessary. The terahertz combined with metamaterial sensor detection method solves the problems existing in traditional detection. In this paper, a double F-type multi-resonant metamaterial sensor is proposed. The sensor has three resonance peaks, <em>f</em><sub>1</sub> = 0.267 THz, <em>f</em><sub>2</sub> = 0.364 THz, <em>f</em><sub>3</sub> = 0.649 THz and the maximum sensitivity of the three resonance peaks is 160 GHz/RIU. It can be used for high-sensitivity trace detection. The sensor is employed to detect the concentration of DMP solutions at varying levels. The lowest limit of detection this sensor for DMP solution is experimentally demonstrated to be 0.001%, which is in line with the DMP residue regulations of the European Union. The higher sensitivity of designed metamaterial sensors is expected to further applied in biomedical field for sensing and detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 131482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gang Zhao , Chen Li , Jun Meng , Gaoyou Liu , Zhigang Zhao , Zhaojun Liu
{"title":"Pump-enhanced, continuous-wave, narrow linewidth optical parametric oscillator at 2.9–3.6 μm based on a fan-out PPLN","authors":"Gang Zhao , Chen Li , Jun Meng , Gaoyou Liu , Zhigang Zhao , Zhaojun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on a fan-out grating periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), a high efficiency, continuous-wave, narrow linewidth, pump-enhanced optical parametric oscillator (OPO) was demonstrated. This OPO exhibited a broad tuning range of 2890–3574 nm, attributable to the unique properties of the fan-out grating PPLN crystal. The OPO achieved over 3 W output power across 2956–3525 nm, due to pump-enhancement technology and an optimized input coupler, whose transmissivity was optimized based on the efficiency on the tuning range. The maximum output power was 4.06 W at 3014 nm. The signal light was employed for locking, resulting in a standard deviation of idler output power of 0.8% over a duration of 30 min. The linewidth of the idler was measured and estimated to be less than 665 kHz. At the maximum output power at 3238 nm, the M<sup>2</sup> factors were determined to be 1.25 and 1.33 in the x and y directions, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"577 ","pages":"Article 131473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhanyi Gao , Zhaoxia Su , Jingwen He , Maixia Fu , Xing Li , Sen Wang
{"title":"Plasmonic Luneburg and Eaton lenses for terahertz spoof surface plasmon polaritons","authors":"Zhanyi Gao , Zhaoxia Su , Jingwen He , Maixia Fu , Xing Li , Sen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combining the principle of gradient index optics and spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs), plasmonic Luneburg and Eaton lenses in the terahertz frequency range are demonstrated and dynamical modulation of SSPPs field is also realized. The lenses are composed of subwavelength metallic pillars. By analyzing the dispersion characteristics of the pillars, the relationship between the effective mode index and the width of the pillars is obtained. The desired index distribution of the lenses can be achieved by arranging metallic pillars with different widths. For the Luneburg lens, the SSPPs field can be effectively focused to a point around perimeter of the lens with a bandwidth of 100 GHz. By changing the incident direction of THz beam, the SSPPs fields are imprinted with oblique phases and thus can be dynamically coupled to different waveguides. Conversely, the plasmonic Luneburg lens can transform a SSPPs point source into a SSPPs plane wave. Moreover, because of the spin-dependent spiral phase introduced by the circularly polarized THz beam, the propagation direction can be adjusted by changing the polarization state of the beam. Similarly, plasmonic Eaton lenses are also designed to realize the 30 and 60° bending of the SSPPs plane wave. This study may advance the development of miniaturized THz devices and on-chip THz communications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"577 ","pages":"Article 131476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amala Jose , Massimiliano Guasoni , Aurelien Coillet , Patrice Tchofo Dinda , Philippe Grelu , K. Nithyanandan
{"title":"Towards a broadband gain-flattened thulium doped fiber amplifier","authors":"Amala Jose , Massimiliano Guasoni , Aurelien Coillet , Patrice Tchofo Dinda , Philippe Grelu , K. Nithyanandan","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tm-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFAs) are capable of generating a broadband emission spanning from 1600 nm to 2100 nm. This wavelength range is significant for important applications, such as eye-safe atmospheric propagation, spectroscopy, sensing, and material processing. Utilizing this broadband emission can enhance the capacity of the optical communication channels. However, for dense wavelength division multiplexing, along with broadband amplification, a flat gain is equally desirable. Achieving a flat spectral gain profile is challenging due to the wavelength-dependent parameters in the TDFA, including the gain and inversion. To address the challenge of achieving flat broadband gain, we propose a scheme referred to as a “gain-guided amplifier”. By integrating and optimizing a passive gain-flattening filter within a dual-stage amplifier configuration, we report an ultra-flat broadband spectral gain from 1690 nm to 1986 nm. Furthermore, the parameters such as pump configuration, fiber length, and attenuation functions have been optimized to produce up to 30 dB gain having <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>05</mn></mrow></math></span> dB tilt along with a noise figure less than 5 dB. This is one of the broadest and flatter gains ever predicted for a TDFA, which can pave the way for next-generation optical communication networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 131452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Piyali Biswas , Sonam , Bishnu P. Pal , Somnath Ghosh
{"title":"Topological supermodes in a specialty periodic tri-lattice optical waveguide","authors":"Piyali Biswas , Sonam , Bishnu P. Pal , Somnath Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Topological photonic waveguides are immensely being investigated owing to the unique features of topology-protected light transmission. Here, we present the signature of topological supermodes in a specialty topological tri-lattice fiber endowed with one-dimensional (1D) periodic lattices. The topological fiber comprises a nontrivial lattice sandwiched between two identical trivial lattices leading to the formation of two interfaces. The presence of two interface states within the same topological bandgap has been observed in the transmission study of the tri-lattice fiber. Moreover, the finite element method-based analysis of the tri-lattice geometry exhibits two identical waveguide modes at two different wavelengths corresponding to the two interface states confined within the nontrivial lattice. The nearly identical propagation constants of the two modes indicate the formation of a supermode in such a periodic waveguide geometry. It is also shown that there are limitations of the fiber geometry for which detectable supermodes exist, and they are robust against a limited amount of local imperfections like layer thickness variation. Such observations intrigue further investigation towards novel topology-based photonic waveguides for strong and secure information transmission in quantum communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"577 ","pages":"Article 131456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junnan Chen , Yuhan Ge , Zheng-Da Hu , Jingjing Wu , Jicheng Wang , Sergei Khakhomov
{"title":"Multi-functional polarization imaging and optical encryption of diatomic metasurfaces by using transfer matrix analysis","authors":"Junnan Chen , Yuhan Ge , Zheng-Da Hu , Jingjing Wu , Jicheng Wang , Sergei Khakhomov","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The multi-functionalities of metasurface structure usually need to increase a high system complexity and a low efficiency, which can be mathematically expressed by the transfer matrix. This study presents an all-dielectric diatomic metasurface design approach, deduced from the transfer matrix to achieve high degrees of freedom and multifunctionalities in multimodal polarization imaging analysis. Here a compact and efficient all-dielectric diatomic metasurface platform is proposed, which can effectively achieve the selectivity of arbitrary orthogonal polarization. It is proved that the phase and amplitude of two orthogonal circular polarizations can be controlled independently by designing the rotation angle relationship between the diatoms. Furthermore, we propose an optical polarization imaging encryption that generates four near-field amplitude and far-field diffraction holograms, which can only be observed when the incident light is at a specific polarization state, whereas no image can be discerned for the orthogonal polarization incidence case, indicating the realization of incidence-polarization secured meta-image. Through data fusion, we are able to combine multiple polarization imaging modes to improve the accuracy and security of information. We envision the metasurface to enhance the security of information transmission and open new possibilities for creating compact multifunctional optical devices for optical data storage and security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 131472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}