One Health最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology, evolution, and biological characteristics of H3 avian influenza viruses isolated from chickens in China","authors":"Minghui Li ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Gao ,&nbsp;Yunjing Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongying Du ,&nbsp;Wanbing Wang ,&nbsp;Sumei Hong ,&nbsp;Jialei Duan ,&nbsp;Hui Tian ,&nbsp;Lulu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuoyi Li ,&nbsp;Wenqiang Pang ,&nbsp;Kegong Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During an epidemiological investigation of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in China, we isolated four H3 AIVs from chickens. To investigate the genetic relationships of these Chinese isolates with the globally circulating H3 viruses, we performed a detailed phylogenic analysis of the hemagglutination (HA) genes of 2613 representative H3 viruses available in the public source, and found that the HA genes of H3 viruses in China evolved from the Eurasian lineage and became established in domestic Anseriformes (primarily ducks). Bayesian phylodynamic analysis revealed that the Southern China (Guangdong and Guangxi provinces) served as a hub for the H3 virus diffusion to other parts of China, and the virus dissemination was potentially primarily driven by domestic ducks. Of note, the rate of H3N8/H3N3 virus detection had been increasing since 2021, and the main host of these H3 viruses appeared to have shifted from ducks to chickens, posing a potential pandemic threat within poultry populations. Here we showed that changes in amino acid substitutions located at antigenic sites around the receptor binding pocket of the HA protein, together with internal gene recombination of G57 H9N2 viruses, causing altered antigenicity and improved adaptability in chickens. The four H3 isolates in this study acquired multiple mutations for mammalian adaption, and presented increased pathogenicity in mice. These findings emphasize that the continued evolution of these H3 viruses in poultry poses ongoing economic and pandemic threat, and highlight the need for continued surveillance of H3 viruses from poultry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes and risk practices on echinococcosis in Aysén District, Chile","authors":"Nicole Sepulveda ,&nbsp;Marcela Fresno ,&nbsp;Yanina Poblete ,&nbsp;Hernan Cañon Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Echinococcosis, a zoonotic disease caused by <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> and <em>E. multilocularis</em>, presents significant health and economic challenges globally. This study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cystic echinococcosis in the rural communities, health professionals, and educators of Capitán Prat Province, Aysén Region, Chile. A survey of 243 participants revealed a high general awareness of the disease (81.6 %), with significant variations in knowledge levels and practices across sectors. Risk behaviours, such as allowing dogs to roam freely and improper disposal of animal viscera, were prevalent, particularly in rural areas. While preventive measures, including deworming and education, were highly valued, gaps in their consistent application persisted. The findings underscore the need for targeted educational campaigns and culturally sensitive interventions to address behavioural risk factors. Strengthening One Health initiatives through community engagement and intersectoral collaboration is critical to reducing the burden of hydatidosis in endemic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Clostridium perfringens from healthy broiler chickens: A potential public health threat","authors":"Tsepo Ramatla ,&nbsp;Silence Ncube ,&nbsp;Prudent Mokgokong ,&nbsp;Jane Nkhebenyane ,&nbsp;Lesego Molale-Tom ,&nbsp;Rendani Ndou ,&nbsp;Ntelekwane Khasapane ,&nbsp;Carlos Bezuidenhout ,&nbsp;Oriel Thekisoe ,&nbsp;Kgaugelo Lekota","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and toxin type of <em>Clostridium perfringens</em> isolated from broiler chicken faeces and determine its antibiotic resistance (AR) profile. A total of 480 broiler chicken faeces were collected from four different chicken abattoirs in North West Province, South Africa. Faecal samples were pooled (5 per pool from the same farm), resulting in 96 pooled samples. The disc diffusion method was used for documenting phenotypic AR, whilst PCR was used for the identification of <em>C. perfringens</em> and detection of toxin and antibiotic resistance genes. All 52 isolates identified as <em>Clostridium</em> spp. using the <em>tpi</em> gene PCR assay were also positive for the <em>16S rRNA</em> gene which is specific for <em>C. perfringens</em>. All 52<em>C. perfringens</em> isolates harboured the <em>cpa</em> gene responsible for encoding alpha toxin. Additionally, 7 (13.5 %) of these isolates were found to carry the <em>netB</em> gene. None of the isolates harboured <em>cpe</em>, <em>cpb2</em>, and <em>cpb</em> genes. All isolates in this study exhibited AR to ampicillin, followed by tetracycline, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol with resistance rates of 100 %, 71.15 %, 46.15 %, and 34.62 %, respectively. <em>C. perfringens</em> isolates contained tetracycline encoding genes, namely <em>tet</em>(A) and <em>tet</em>(W), chloramphenicol encoding genes which are: <em>flo</em>R, <em>cat</em>I, and <em>cat</em>II and beta-lactamase encoding genes including <em>bla</em>_TEM, <em>bla</em>_SHV, <em>bla</em>_CTX-M and <em>bla</em>_OXA. None of the isolates carried <em>bla</em>_CARB. This is the first study to characterize <em>C. perfringens</em> and determine its antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypically and genetically in food-producing chicken in South Africa, proving that animals may be sources of resistant strains of <em>C. perfringens</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Squirrel reservoirs of monkeypox virus are sister species separated by the Sanaga River (Cameroon), as are the two main viral clades","authors":"Manon Curaudeau ,&nbsp;Julian Kerbis Peterhans ,&nbsp;Thomas Le Flanchec ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Gilissen ,&nbsp;Laurent Granjon ,&nbsp;Lison Barale ,&nbsp;Antoine Gessain ,&nbsp;Alexandre Hassanin","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monkeypox is an emerging infectious disease of unclear zoonotic origin in Africa although increasing evidence suggests that rope squirrels are reservoirs of the monkeypox virus (MPXV).</div><div>Here, we describe new data on the systematics of rope squirrels (Sciuridae, <em>Funisciurus</em>). Our molecular phylogeny strongly supports the polyphyly of <em>Funisciurus pyrropus</em>, with a Central African clade sister to <em>Funisciurus leucogenys</em> and a West African clade sister to <em>Funisciurus anerythrus</em>. Museum specimens show that the two clades have distinct pelage patterns. We propose therefore to resurrect the name <em>Funisciurus leucostigma</em> for the West African clade. Using reliable taxonomic identifications of georeferenced squirrels, we inferred the ecological niches of the three species of interest. The Sanaga River in Cameroon appears to be the barrier separating both the sister species <em>F. anerythrus</em> and <em>F. leucostigma</em> as well as the sister MPXV clades I and II. This suggests that these two MPXV clades were isolated in Central and West Africa, respectively, due to allopatric squirrel speciation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of natural and anthropogenic drivers on plague risk in Southwest China: A multicenter cross-sectional study","authors":"Zhe Lou ,&nbsp;Huajun Zhao ,&nbsp;Chao Su ,&nbsp;Ennian Pu ,&nbsp;Xiyang Li ,&nbsp;Qingxi Shi ,&nbsp;Yunqin Shen ,&nbsp;Ying Zhao ,&nbsp;Zihou Gao ,&nbsp;Ruiyun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The natural and anthropogenic environment have contributed to the dynamic risk of plague and their threats to human health. Although evidence has indicated the environmental suitability for disease dynamics, the alteration of the risk by anthropogenic factors have not been fully investigated. We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional survey among 2998 residences across 54 villages in 13 counties in Southwest China. With the survey data, we developed composite anthropogenic indices to make systematic assessment of people's living environment, household sanitation levels, and risk perception regarding plague. We identified disparities of these anthropogenic indices among ethnic groups. By featuring plague, we further established statistical model to assess how environmental and anthropogenic factors associate with the occurrence of the typical zoonotic disease. Our results show that the improved living environment is significantly linked to the lower risk of plague occurrence. In contrast, we have no evidence for the significant association between household sanitation, protective behaviors, environmental conditions and plague risk. These findings pointed at the improved living environment as the most likely anthropogenic driver that is associated with the reduced risk of plague. Integrating anthropogenic modulators of disease dynamics in public health strategies would be the key for the effective management of disease risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An update on the prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in a Central European focus: Northern and northeastern Poland (2022–2024)","authors":"Paweł Gładysz ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Świątalska ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg ,&nbsp;Jacek Karamon ,&nbsp;Anna Lass","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowing <em>Echinococcus multilocularis</em> prevalence in wild canids helps us assess the risk of zoonotic spillover. In this study, we updated the infection statistics among red foxes in northern and northeastern Poland since the last monitoring effort at the district (Polish: <em>powiat</em>) level (2001–2004). We collected faecal samples from 192 red foxes from the districts of Słupsk, Puck, Wejherowo, Kościerzyna, and Kartuzy (Pomorskie Voivodship); 200 individuals from the districts of Bartoszyce, Kętrzyn, Gołdap, Iława, and Węgorzewo (Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship); and 47 individuals from the district of Augustów (Podlaskie Voivodship). Based on nested PCR testing confirmed by Sanger sequencing, we calculated the prevalence with a 95 % confidence interval and compared the results to previous reports. We recorded the highest proportion of infected red foxes in Gołdap District (21/40, 52.5 %, 95 % CI: 37.5 %–67.1 %). The shared prevalence in Puck, Wejherowo, Kościerzyna, and Kartuzy Districts was 10.4 % (19/182, 95 % CI: 6.7 %–15.8 %). One red fox tested positive in Iława District (1/48, 2.1 %, 95 % CI: −0.6 %–11.9 %). We found no statistically significant changes in prevalence in the sampled areas. Our results indicate that <em>E. multilocularis</em> prevalence has remained stable in red fox populations throughout the region over the past 20 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interconnections between the food system and antimicrobial resistance: A systems-informed umbrella review from a One Health perspective","authors":"Chloe Clifford Astbury ,&nbsp;Catherine Hu ,&nbsp;Krishihan Sivapragasam ,&nbsp;Arabi Rajan ,&nbsp;Mandy Geise ,&nbsp;Cécile Aenishaenslin ,&nbsp;Arne Ruckert ,&nbsp;Kathleen Chelsea Togño ,&nbsp;Mary Wiktorowicz ,&nbsp;Tarra L. Penney","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Human food systems are a major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with significant implications for human, animal, and ecosystem health. While recent research frames AMR as an emerging property of a complex system, this perspective has not been systematically applied to the existing evidence. This review aims to synthesise the evidence on AMR and the food system from a complex systems perspective, highlighting the interconnections between factors that contribute to AMR emergence and spread.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>An umbrella review methodology was used to identify relevant studies. We searched Medline, SCOPUS, Agricola, and Dimensions using terms related to AMR and the food system. Systematic reviews at this intersection containing evidence of at least one relationship between two variables were included. Data were extracted and summarised according to umbrella review guidelines, and a causal loop diagram (CLD) was developed to map the interrelationships between food system factors and AMR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our synthesis incorporated evidence from 80 studies, highlighting how AMR emergence and spread within food systems is driven by a complex interplay of factors across human, animal, and environmental reservoirs (e.g., water, soil), with impacts for disease burden in humans, animals and crops and financial viability of farming. The tensions driving antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock, a key driver of AMR, were underlined, with trade-offs between disease treatment, animal welfare, and economic outcomes. Feedback loops between humans, animals, and the environment were identified, with antimicrobials and AMR spreading between multiple reservoirs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review underscores the need for a One Health approach to AMR mitigation, given the interconnections between human, animal, and ecosystem health. Findings highlight the trade-offs in AMU and the economic incentives that may conflict with global antimicrobial stewardship. Further research may empirically explore connections to upstream factors, such as consumer preferences and environmental determinants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"West Nile virus transmission in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (Spain): A One-Health surveillance approach","authors":"Núria Busquets ,&nbsp;Jaume Gardela ,&nbsp;Eduard José-Cunilleras ,&nbsp;Alba Solé ,&nbsp;Maria José Salvador ,&nbsp;Elena Obón ,&nbsp;Rafael Molina-López ,&nbsp;Carles Aranda ,&nbsp;Tomás Montalvo ,&nbsp;Irene Corbella ,&nbsp;Maria Assumpció Bou-Monclús ,&nbsp;Miguel Julián Martínez ,&nbsp;Ana Vázquez ,&nbsp;Maria Piron ,&nbsp;Sílvia Sauleda ,&nbsp;Lola Pailler-García ,&nbsp;Sebastián Napp","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>West Nile virus (WNV), mainly transmitted by <em>Culex</em> mosquitoes, poses significant health risks to humans and horses, particularly in endemic regions. The first detection of WNV lineage 2 in Spain was in 2017 in Catalonia (northeastern Spain). In 2023, WNV was confirmed in a young yellow-legged gull and a probable human case was notified within the urban settings. We aimed to define the zone of WNV circulation in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area where these infections occurred and the effectiveness of the One Health approach for early WNV detection. The Catalan WNV surveillance and control programs includes the testing of horses, birds, mosquitoes and humans following molecular and serological methods. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to determine the origin of the circulating virus. IgM-positive data from both active and passive surveillance in horses identified the area of WNV circulation and suggested that WNV circulation happened either before or concurrently with human and bird infections in the agricultural and peri-urban areas. Furthermore, a new WNV introduction was discarded by phylogenetic studies, demonstrating that WNV lineage 2 has been established in Catalonia, albeit at a low level of circulation since the virus was not detected in blood donors. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating active and passive surveillance strategies to early assess WNV circulation and activate public health responses. The study highlights the role of wildlife in the WNV transmission and emphasizes the need for ongoing monitoring in animals and also mosquito control measures to mitigate the risk of animal and human infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Camera trap assessment of bushpig (Potamochoerus larvatus)-domestic animal interactions and implications for pathogen transmission in rural habitats of Madagascar","authors":"Rianja Rakotoarivony ,&nbsp;Ariane Payne ,&nbsp;Daouda Kassie ,&nbsp;Steven M. Goodman ,&nbsp;Alpha Andriamahefa ,&nbsp;Modestine Raliniaina ,&nbsp;Raphaël Rakotozandrindrainy ,&nbsp;Ferran Jori","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In some rural areas of Madagascar, bushpigs (<em>Potamochoerus larvatus</em>) are reported to be attracted to human disturbed habitats and share the same environment with domestic animals, including pigs (<em>Sus scrofa</em>). Such cohabitation can facilitate the transmission of pathogens between bushpigs and other domestic animals. To assess bushpig-domestic animal interactions and their implications for pathogen transmission, 26 camera-traps were deployed for three months around 10 villages in two separate regions of western Madagascar. The camera-traps were positioned at animal attraction sites: trophic resources, resting areas, and water points, and captured 17,804 images. No direct interactions (simultaneous presence) between bushpigs and domestic species were observed after analysis of 2678 trap nights. However, 44 indirect interactions (non-simultaneous presence) were recorded. The median critical time window (CTW), calculated as the time interval between the consecutive presence of bushpigs and some domestic species, was 646 min [34–1412 min]) for pigs, 672 min for cats [range 44–886 min], and 690 min for cattle [range 584–765 min]. Such CTW estimates are shorter than the average survival rate of several infectious pathogens potentially present in the environment, including African swine fever virus, <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em>, and <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>. Factors such as proximity to water sources and protected areas statistically increased the chances of these interactions. Our research provided novel information on the level of interaction between bushpigs and other domestic animals in anthropized rural areas and which can be used to design and implement strategies to mitigate the risk of pathogen spread at the wildlife/livestock/human interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptospirosis? An epidemiologic investigation following the historic 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","authors":"Christopher J. Hernandez ,&nbsp;Greici Gunzel ,&nbsp;Clarice Ritter ,&nbsp;Roberto Carlos Freitas Bugs ,&nbsp;Thiago Rocha ,&nbsp;Trevon Fuller ,&nbsp;Patricia Brasil ,&nbsp;Ivana Rosângela dos Santos Varella ,&nbsp;Maria da Graça Pimenta Machado ,&nbsp;Carina Guedes Ramos ,&nbsp;Ângela Piccoli Ziegler ,&nbsp;Breno Riegel Santos ,&nbsp;Marineide Gonçalves de Melo ,&nbsp;Karin Nielsen-Saines","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In May 2024, the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul experienced an historic flood that affected millions of people. Hundreds of thousands of people were displaced by the record-breaking flood waters, exposing them to water-borne pathogens, including leptospirosis. With concern for an outbreak, local efforts focused on identifying and treating any potential cases of leptospirosis. Using data from a local database for people presenting with signs and symptoms compatible with leptospirosis, we conducted a retrospective-prospective cohort study to estimate the incidence of confirmed cases. Of 539 patients reported to the database, a total of 485 patients were tested for leptospirosis and 303 were tested for Dengue (with 283 testing for both pathogens). We found 17 (3.5 %) confirmed cases of leptospirosis and 102 (33.7 %) confirmed cases of dengue fever. Most tested negative for both, with several confirmed cases of Hantavirus, Influenza A, and HIV. Although there were no significant differences between diagnoses and exposure risk factors, we did find several clinical differences, including headache, respiratory symptoms, diarrhea, acute kidney injury, jaundice, bleeding diathesis, and pulmonary hemorrhage. Leptospirosis was also found to be significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes when compared to both dengue and the Unrelated/Unknown illness group and more likely to be of the male sex. These data reinforce the need for broader systematic surveillance for pathogens that may circulate in the event of major environmental disasters. Further, stronger diagnostics are urgently needed to distinguish between the causes of largely febrile outbreak in the face of a changing climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}