OUP Catalogue最新文献

{"title":"Ensuring a Sustainable Future: Making Progress on Environment and Equity","authors":"Magda Barrera","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780199974702.001.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780199974702.001.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The Environment and the Economy: Finding Equitable and Effective Solutions Jody Heymann and Magda Barrera Section 1: Moving Forward on the Environment and the Economy: Creating Jobs, Building Healthy Communities Chapter 1 The Essential Connection: Environmental Sustainability, Community Stability and Equitable Development in Struggling Cities in High-Income Countries Ted Howard Chapter 2 Community Action in Informal Settlements: Strategies for Improved Environmental Health and Equity in Low and Middle Income Countries David Satterthwaite Chapter 3 Achieving Environmental Equity: Race, Place, and the Movement to Build Healthy Communities in the United States Angela Glover Blackwell Chapter 4 Building Income and Social Equity through Environmental Sustainability: Lessons from Vancouver's Downtown Eastside Mitra Thompson Chapter 5 New Skills for the Green Economy: Two Training Programs for Job Seekers in the United States Cosmin Paduraru and Kara Quennell Chapter 6 Green Social Entrepreneurship as a Poverty-Reduction Strategy: TIDE India's Use of Technological Innovation for Healthier and More Sustainable Communities Shannon Lockhart Section 2: Addressing Specific Environmental Challenges in an Economically Sustainable Way Chapter 7 Moving Towards Sustainable Urban Transport: How Can We Integrate Environmental, Health and Equity Objectives Globally? David Banister and James Woodcock Chapter 8 The New Challenges of Rapid Urban Growth: Imperatives and Strategies for Transport in India Madhav Badami Chapter 9 Healthy and Sustainable Agriculture: Working with Farmers to Transform Food Production in Latin America Donald Cole, Gordon Prain and Willy Pradel Chapter 10 Access to Healthy Foods in Urban Settings: A Comprehensive Strategy for Low-income Communities in Montreal Lise Bertrand Chapter 11 Water for Development: Investing in Health and Economic Wellbeing Globally William Cosgrove and Hakan Tropp Chapter 12 The Potential of Clean Energy for Equity in Remote Communities in the North Tim Weis Chapter 13 Remote Indigenous Populations and Climate Change: Reducing the Impacts on Health and Wellbeing James Ford and Peter Adams","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87102001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's Wrong with Fat?: The War on Obesity and its Collateral Damage","authors":"Abigail C. Saguy","doi":"10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199857081.001.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199857081.001.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The United States, we are told, is facing an obesity epidemic--a \"battle of the bulge\" of not just national, but global proportions--that requires drastic and immediate action. Experts in the media, medical science, and government alike are scrambling to find answers. What or who is responsible for this fat crisis, and what can we do to stop it? Abigail Saguy argues that these fraught and frantic debates obscure a more important question: How has fatness come to be understood as a public health crisis at all? Why, she asks, has the view of \"fat\" as a problem--a symptom of immorality, a medical pathology, a public health epidemic--come to dominate more positive framings of weight--as consistent with health, beauty, or a legitimate rights claim--in public discourse? Why are heavy individuals singled out for blame? And what are the consequences of understanding weight in these ways? What's Wrong with Fat? presents each of the various ways in which fat is understood in America today, examining the implications of understanding fatness as a health risk, disease, and epidemic, and revealing why we've come to understand the issue in these terms, despite considerable scientific uncertainty and debate. Saguy shows how debates over the relationship between body size and health risk take place within a larger, though often invisible, contest over whether we should understand fatness as obesity at all. Moreover, she reveals that public discussions of the \"obesity crisis\" do more harm than good, leading to bullying, weight-based discrimination, and misdiagnoses. Showing that the medical framing of fat is literally making us sick, What's Wrong with Fat? provides a crucial corrective to our society's misplaced obsession with weight. Available in OSO:","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87338723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Undeserving Poor: America's Enduring Confrontation with Poverty: Fully Updated and Revised","authors":"M. Katz","doi":"10.5860/choice.51-4557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-4557","url":null,"abstract":"First published in 1989, The Undeserving Poor was a critically acclaimed and enormously influential account of America's enduring debate about poverty. Taking stock of the last quarter century, Michael B. Katz's new edition of this classic is virtually a new book. As the first did, it will force all concerned Americans to reconsider the foundations of our policies toward the poor, especially in the wake of the Great Recession that began in 2008. Katz highlights how throughout American history, the poor have been regarded as undeserving: people who do not deserve sympathy because they brought their poverty on themselves, either through laziness and immorality, or because they are culturally or mentally deficient. This long-dominant view sees poverty as a personal failure, serving to justify America's mean-spirited treatment of the poor. Katz reminds us, however, that there are other explanations of poverty besides personal failure. Poverty has been written about as a problem of place, of resources, of political economy, of power, and of market failure. Katz looks at each idea in turn, showing how they suggest more effective approaches to our struggle against poverty. The Second Edition includes important new material. It now sheds light on the revival of the idea of culture in poverty research; the rehabilitation of Daniel Patrick Moynihan; the resurgent role of biology in discussions of the causes of poverty, such as in The Bell Curve; and the human rights movement's intensified focus on alleviating world poverty. It emphasizes the successes of the War on Poverty and Great Society, especially at the grassroots level. It is also the first book to chart the rise and fall of the \"underclass\" as a concept driving public policy. A major revision of a landmark study, The Undeserving Poor helps readers to see poverty-and our efforts to combat it--in a new light.","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75530987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Oxford Handbook of U.S. Environmental Policy","authors":"S. Kamieniecki, M. Kraft","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199744671.001.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199744671.001.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to the Nixon administration, environmental policy in the United States was rudimentary at best. Since then, it has evolved into one of the primary concerns of governmental policy from the federal to the local level. As scientific expertise on the environment rapidly developed, Americans became more aware of the growing environmental crisis that surrounded them. Practical solutions for mitigating various aspects of the crisis - air pollution, water pollution, chemical waste dumping, strip mining, and later global warming - became politically popular, and the government responded by gradually erecting a vast regulatory apparatus to address the issue. Today, politicians regard environmental policy as one of the most pressing issues they face. The Obama administration has identified the renewable energy sector as a key driver of economic growth, and Congress is in the process of passing a bill to reduce global warming that will be one of the most important environmental policy acts in decades. The Oxford Handbook of U.S. Environmental Policy is a state-of-the-art work on all aspects of environmental policy in America. Over the past half century, America has been the world's leading emitter of global warming gases. However, environmental policy is not simply a national issue. It is a global issue, and the explosive growth of Asian countries like China and India mean that policy will have to be coordinated at the international level. The book therefore focuses not only on the U.S., but on the increasing importance of global policies and issues on American regulatory efforts. This is a topic that will only grow in importance in the coming years, and this handbook serves as an authoritative guide to any scholar interested in the issue. Contributors to this volume - Richard N. L. Andrews is Professor Emeritus of Environmental Policy in the Department of Public Policy and in the Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering of the Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. William Ascher is Professor of Government and Economics, Claremont McKenna College. Walter F. Baber is Professor and Director of the Graduate Center for Public Policy and Administration, California State University, Long Beach. Robert V. Bartlett is Gund Professor of Liberal Arts in the Political Science Department, University of Vermont. Amy Below is Associate Professor of Political Science in the School of Public Policy, Oregon State University. Lori S. Bennear is Assistant Professor of Environmental Economics and Policy in the Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University. Christopher J. Bosso is Professor of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University. Cary Coglianese is the Edward B. Shils Professor of Law, Professor of Political Science, and Director of the Penn Program on Regulation, University of Pennsylvania. Steven Cohen is the Executive Director of The Earth Institute, Professor in the Practice of Public Af","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84828001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Twenty-First Century U.S. Water Policy","authors":"J. Christian-Smith, P. Gleick, H. Cooley, L. Allen, Amy Vanderwarker, K. Berry, W. Reilly","doi":"10.1093/ACPROF:OSOBL/9780199859443.001.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSOBL/9780199859443.001.0001","url":null,"abstract":"As is becoming clearer and clearer, pressures on water resources in the United States are growing, with no foreseeable end in sight. Yet these pressures are not due to a national water scarcity. While the Southwest faces the problems of draught, a rising population, and over-allocation of resources, the Northeast and Northern Plains must deal with increasingly wet weather and flooding. The greatest challenges that the United States faces with regard to water are regional disparities in availability, a changing climate, worsening water quality, and, increasingly, controversies over management strategies and policies. While many countries have adopted federal approaches to water management, the United States has no cohesive national water policy. In fact, the oversight of current water policy is shared by over sixty different agencies,and the last national water assessment undertaken in the United States occurred over forty years ago. The lack of coordinated oversight not only renders national policymakers unable to make informed analyses of water quality standards and availability, it also results in large gaps of understanding regarding variability of water resources and how to most efficiently and effectively manage and preserve those resources. A Twenty-First Century U.S. Water Policy culls together independent analysis of freshwater availability; water usage in agriculture, municipalities, tribal settlements, and energy production; exisiting legal frameworks; environmental justice movements; and data on water quality and climate change. The result is a visionary proposal for a coherent and critically needed federal water policy. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/politicalscience/9780199859443/toc.html","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74290661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Oxford Handbook of the Digital Economy","authors":"M. Peitz, J. Waldfogel","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195397840.001.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195397840.001.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The economic analysis of the digital economy has been a rapidly developing research area for more than a decade. Through authoritative examination by leading scholars, this handbook takes a closer look at particular industries, business practices, and policy issues associated with the digital industry. The volume offers an up-to-date account of key topics, discusses open questions, and provides guidance for future research. It offers a blend of theoretical and empirical works that are central to understanding the digital economy. The chapters are presented in four sections, corresponding with four broad themes: 1) infrastructure, standards, and platforms; 2) the transformation of selling, encompassing both the transformation of traditional selling and new, widespread application of tools such as auctions; 3) user-generated content; and 4) threats in the new digital environment.The first section covers infrastructure, standards, and various platform industries that rely heavily on recent developments in electronic data storage and transmission, including software, video games, payment systems, mobile telecommunications, and B2B commerce. The second section takes account of the reduced costs of online retailing that threatens offline retailers, widespread availability of information as it affects pricing and advertising, digital technology as it allows the widespread employment of novel price and non-price strategies (bundling, price discrimination), and auctions. The third section addresses the emergent phenomenon of user-generated content on the Internet, including the functioning of social networks and open source. The fourth section discusses threats arising from digitization and the Internet, namely digital piracy, privacy, and security concerns.","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91085238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Predictable Surprise: Unraveling the U.S. Retirement System","authors":"S. Schieber","doi":"10.1093/ACPROF:OSOBL/9780199890958.001.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSOBL/9780199890958.001.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Social Security is in jeopardy, private pension systems have fallen apart, and workers are trying to save for their own for retirement with the stock market in the worst shape since the Great Depression. In The Predictable Surprise, Sylvester J. Schieber shows that forewarnings of the coming retirement crisis have been apparent for decades, but we have never mustered the political will to address the problem. This book explains how we have gotten into the retirement predicament and where we can go from here. Schieber, a renowned authority on this topic, provides a compact, insightful history of Social Security, pension plans, and other retirement options, highlighting both their original justifications and the point when things began to go wrong. He brings his discussion right up to the present morass and concludes with suggestions as to how we can reform our retirement system. Our situation is not hopeless, Schieber concludes, if we take on some of these issues and resolve them. If we do not, we will severely jeopardize the prosperity of younger generations. Available in OSO:","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74331422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misunderstanding Financial Crises: Why We Don't See Them Coming","authors":"Gary B. Gorton","doi":"10.5860/choice.50-3958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.50-3958","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to the financial crisis of 2007-2008, economists thought that no such crisis could or would ever happen again in the United States, that financial events of such magnitude were a thing of the distant past. In fact, observers of that distant past--the period from the half century prior to the Civil War up to the passage of deposit insurance during the Great Depression, which was marked by repeated financial crises--note that while legislation immediately after crises reacted to their effects, economists and policymakers continually failed to grasp the true lessons to be learned. Gary Gorton, considered by many to be the authority on the financial crisis of our time, holds that economists fundamentally misunderstand financial crises--what they are, why they occur, and why there were none in the U.S. between 1934 and 2007. In Misunderstanding Financial Crises, he illustrates that financial crises are inherent to the production of bank debt, which is used to conduct transactions, and that unless the government designs intelligent regulation, crises will continue. Economists, he writes, looked from a certain point of view and missed everything that was important: the evolution of capital markets and the banking system, the existence of new financial instruments, and the size of certain money markets like the sale and repurchase market. Delving into how such a massive intellectual failure could have happened, Gorton offers a back-to-basics elucidation of financial crises, and shows how they are not rare, idiosyncratic, unfortunate events caused by a coincidence of unconnected factors. By looking back to the \"Quiet Period \" from 1934 to 2007 when there were no systemic crises, and to the \"Panic of 2007-2008, \" he brings together such issues as bank debt and liquidity, credit booms and manias, and moral hazard and too-big-too-fail, to illustrate the costs of bank failure and the true causes of financial crises. He argues that the successful regulation that prevented crises did not adequately keep pace with innovation in the financial sector, due in large part to economists' misunderstandings. He then looks forward to offer both a better way for economists to conceive of markets, as well as a description of the regulation necessary to address the historical threat of financial crises.","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85582733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special drawing rights (SDRs) : the first international money","authors":"C. Wilkie","doi":"10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199606467.001.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199606467.001.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Following the Rio Agreement in 1967, the birth of the Special Drawing Right (SDR) was widely heralded as the first step towards a world international money. The SDR's intended purpose, though, was more modest: to help salvage the prevailing international monetary system which had evolved since Bretton Woods. This volume examines the relatively recent and important history of SDRs - what they are, where they came from, and why they are significant. It considers the changing roles and influences of the US and the IMF as post-Bretton Woods monetary arrangements established themselves. Despite their retreat from early acclaim, work continued, particularly at the Fund, on enhancing the potential of SDRs to contribute to international monetary stability and SDRs have recently re-emerged as a potential source of support and stability for the international monetary system underpinning the world economy. The SDR, and the debate surrounding it, is an excellent prism through which to examine other important themes in contemporary international political economy, including international liquidity provision and international monetary reform. Ultimately, the policies of the US, the Fund, and the changing nature of the relationship between them emerge as fundamental themes for an understanding of prospects for SDRs under post-Bretton Woods international monetary arrangements. Today, the promise and disappointment that has characterized the short history of SDRs is more important than ever as the world again examines these arrangements in the wake of the international financial crisis.","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83918513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Econometric Methods for Labour Economics","authors":"S. Bazen","doi":"10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199576791.001.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199576791.001.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This book provides an accessible presentation of the standard statistical techniques used by labour economists. It emphasises both the input and the output of empirical analysis and covers five major topics concerning econometric methods used in labour economics: regression and related methods, choice modelling, selectivity issues, duration analysis, and policy evaluation techniques. Each of these is presented in terms of model specification, possible estimation problems, diagnostic checking, and interpretation of the output. It aims to provide guidance to practitioners on how to use the techniques and how to make sense of the results that are produced. It covers methods that are considered to be 'standard' tools in labour economics, but which are often given only a brief and highly technical treatment in econometrics textbooks. It will be a useful reference for postgraduates and advanced undergraduates, researchers embarking on empirical labour market analysis, and for more experienced economists wishing to apply these techniques for the first time.","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80797622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}