《不应得的穷人:美国与贫困的持久对抗:全面更新和修订》

M. Katz
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引用次数: 184

摘要

《不应得的穷人》首次出版于1989年,是一本广受好评且极具影响力的书,讲述了美国关于贫困的持久辩论。回顾过去的四分之一世纪,迈克尔·b·卡茨(Michael B. Katz)对这部经典的新版本实际上是一本新书。正如第一次那样,它将迫使所有关心的美国人重新考虑我们对穷人政策的基础,特别是在2008年开始的大衰退之后。卡茨强调,在整个美国历史上,穷人一直被认为是不值得同情的:他们不值得同情,因为他们的贫穷是自己造成的,要么是因为懒惰和不道德,要么是因为他们有文化或智力缺陷。这种长期占主导地位的观点认为,贫穷是个人的失败,为美国人对待穷人的刻薄态度辩护。然而,卡茨提醒我们,除了个人的失败,贫穷还有其他的解释。贫困被认为是一个与地方、资源、政治经济、权力和市场失灵有关的问题。卡茨依次审视了每一种观点,展示了它们如何为我们与贫困作斗争提供更有效的方法。第二版包含了重要的新材料。它揭示了文化思想在贫困研究中的复兴;丹尼尔·帕特里克·莫伊尼汉的康复;在讨论贫穷的原因时,生物学重新发挥作用,例如在《钟形曲线》中;人权运动更加关注减轻世界贫困。它强调了“向贫困宣战”和“伟大社会”的成功,尤其是在基层的成功。这也是第一本将“下层阶级”的兴衰作为一种推动公共政策的概念来描绘的书。《不应得的穷人》是对一项具有里程碑意义的研究的重大修订,它帮助读者从新的角度看待贫困——以及我们为消除贫困所做的努力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Undeserving Poor: America's Enduring Confrontation with Poverty: Fully Updated and Revised
First published in 1989, The Undeserving Poor was a critically acclaimed and enormously influential account of America's enduring debate about poverty. Taking stock of the last quarter century, Michael B. Katz's new edition of this classic is virtually a new book. As the first did, it will force all concerned Americans to reconsider the foundations of our policies toward the poor, especially in the wake of the Great Recession that began in 2008. Katz highlights how throughout American history, the poor have been regarded as undeserving: people who do not deserve sympathy because they brought their poverty on themselves, either through laziness and immorality, or because they are culturally or mentally deficient. This long-dominant view sees poverty as a personal failure, serving to justify America's mean-spirited treatment of the poor. Katz reminds us, however, that there are other explanations of poverty besides personal failure. Poverty has been written about as a problem of place, of resources, of political economy, of power, and of market failure. Katz looks at each idea in turn, showing how they suggest more effective approaches to our struggle against poverty. The Second Edition includes important new material. It now sheds light on the revival of the idea of culture in poverty research; the rehabilitation of Daniel Patrick Moynihan; the resurgent role of biology in discussions of the causes of poverty, such as in The Bell Curve; and the human rights movement's intensified focus on alleviating world poverty. It emphasizes the successes of the War on Poverty and Great Society, especially at the grassroots level. It is also the first book to chart the rise and fall of the "underclass" as a concept driving public policy. A major revision of a landmark study, The Undeserving Poor helps readers to see poverty-and our efforts to combat it--in a new light.
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