Oncology Research and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Identification of Biomarkers for Cervical Cancer Radiotherapy Sensitivity and Survival Prognosis.","authors":"Han Huang, Jianguang Ma, Hekai Cui, Tiantian Liang, Qingqing Ma","doi":"10.1159/000543409","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Radiotherapy resistance leads to treatment failure and disease progression in patients with cervical cancer. This study aims to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of radiotherapy response in cervical cancer by identifying radiotherapy sensitivity genes (RSGs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized two GEO expression profiling datasets (GSE3578 and GSE6213) comprising cervical cancer biopsy samples taken before and during radiotherapy to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the RankProd meta-analysis approach. Subsequent analysis was conducted using data from the TCGA-CESE project to further determine the RSGs and investigate their associations with survival prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and drug sensitivities. The differential expressions of the candidate RSGs were validated in an independent set of cervical cancer patients by qPCRs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 518 DEGs were identified, with 305 genes upregulated and 213 genes down-regulated during radiotherapy. Six key RSGs were identified as significantly associated with radiotherapy response. Cox regression analysis revealed that upregulations of IL1RAP and GPR15 were associated with an increased risk of poor survival prognosis. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted the involvement of these genes in critical biological processes such as cytokine signaling and immune regulation. Correlation analyses demonstrated significant associations between RSG expressions and M2 macrophage and γδT cell abundances in tumor microenvironment, as well as drug sensitivities. The expression of IL1RAP was significantly higher in the complete response group, supporting the bioinformatic finding.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings on RSGs could potentially serve as potential biomarkers for predicting radiotherapy response and as therapeutic targets to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"197-211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Before-and-after Studies in Oncology: How Real Is the Real-World Evidence?","authors":"Vadim Lesan, Cristian Munteanu","doi":"10.1159/000543391","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543391","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"220-223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142922486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognosis and Therapy of Ovarian Cancer, Part 1: Patient Selection and Surgical Management in Advanced Ovarian Cancer - What Tools Do We Have to Make the Right Decision?","authors":"Alaa El Housheimi, Sara Tato Varela, Walther C Kuhn, Walther Kuhn","doi":"10.1159/000545818","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ovarian cancer is the gynecological cancer with the worst overall survival worldwide. Around 70% of patients are diagnosed in an advanced stage. Since low residual tumor after surgery has been repeatedly observed to deeply affect survival, achieving complete resection of tumor with no macroscopic residual disease through primary debulking surgery (PDS) has become the standard of care in advanced ovarian cancer.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The concept of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS) was introduced in order to improve resectability in patients who otherwise, due to advanced age, poor performance status, or extensive tumor burden, cannot be optimally operated. Patient-related factors like age, performance status, comorbidities, and nutritional status can all affect the survival and are all key factors in the selection process. Accurately assessing tumor extension and therefore allocating a patient to the NACT/IDS strategy is of great importance and can be achieved either through imaging (CT scan, ultrasound, MRI, PET scan) or laparoscopy using different validated laparoscopic scoring systems.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>There is sizable randomized evidence to support the NACT/IDS as an acceptable strategy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer, in whom a PDS is not possible or would have a suboptimal outcome. Patient- and tumor-related factors play a key role in allocating the right management plan to the right patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"524-531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thoracic Oncology Highlights from the European Society for Medical Oncology Annual Meeting 2024: Non-Targeted therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Small Cell Lung Cancer and Thymic Epithelial Tumors.","authors":"Marie-Elisabeth Leßmann, Christine Sibbert, Lea Reitnauer, Sophie Heinzen, Maximilian Webendörfer, Tobias Raphael Overbeck, Frank Griesinger, Annalen Bleckmann, Marcel Wiesweg, Amanda Tufman, Michael Thomas, Cornelia Kropf-Sanchen, Cornelia Kropf-Sanchen","doi":"10.1159/000545493","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545493","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"464-470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of Communication Skills Training at Oncology Centers in Germany: Results of a Mixed-Methods Survey.","authors":"Christian Albus, Esther-Rosa Vens-Cappell, Corinna Bergelt, Elisabeth Jentschke, Friederike Mumm, Andrea Petermann-Meyer, Frank Vitinius, Alexander Wünsch, Christian Albus","doi":"10.1159/000545729","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The concept of oncological communication skills training (CST) has already proven to be effective and has been incorporated into the relevant guidelines. The current status of CSTs in Germany is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We approached all oncology centers in Germany certified by Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) and investigated quantitative and qualitative aspects of CST programs in a mixed-methods approach using questionnaires and interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only a quarter (23.7%, n = 18/76) of the responding centers demonstrated a regular CST. These CSTs were partially congruent with the consensus recommendations while deviating significantly in other areas, such as duration, scope, and course content. We asked centers that do not offer CST or do not offer fully satisfactory CST (respondents n = 60) for factors that hinder successful implementation, which were identified as, e.g., scarce time and personnel resources (92%), no counterpart funding (27%), lack of appreciation (25%) and knowledge about the concept (3%), organizational obstacles (22%), and low prioritization (12%). Steps that could facilitate nationwide implementation were found, such as support for implementation through concrete instructions (27%), mandatory participation (20%), an active management level in the question of responsibility (17%), inclusion in the certification criteria for oncology centers (12%), and an integration into the Weiterbildungsordnung (WBO, specialist training guideline) (10%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although previous studies have shown that CSTs have positive effects, sufficient implementation has not yet been achieved across the board in Germany. Individual starting points have been identified; further efforts are needed to advance this goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"601-613"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thoracic Oncology Highlights from the European Society for Medical Oncology Annual Meeting 2024: Targeted Therapies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Maximilian Webendörfer, Sophie Heinzen, Christine Sibbert, Marie-Elisabeth Leßmann, Cornelia Kropf-Sanchen, Michael Thomas, Amanda Tufman, Annalen Bleckmann, Marcel Wiesweg, Frank Griesinger, Lea Reitnauer, Tobias Raphael Overbeck","doi":"10.1159/000542957","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542957","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"142-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Disaggregated Analysis of Central Venous Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in Patients with Cancer.","authors":"Enrico Schalk, Alva Seltmann, Boris Böll, Nicola Giesen, Judit Grans-Siebel, Oliver Kriege, Julia Lanznaster, Antrea Minti, Jan-Hendrik Naendrup, Julia Neitz, Jens Panse, Martin Schmidt-Hieber, Ruth Seggewiss-Bernhardt, Daniel Teschner, Philipp Weber, Kai Wille, Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal, Marcus Hentrich","doi":"10.1159/000542535","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542535","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Men are generally more susceptible to bacterial infections than women. Central venous catheters (CVCs), often used to administer systemic treatment in patients with cancer, are an important source of infection. However, little is known about sex-specific differences of CVC-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in patients with cancer. This study aimed to compare CRBSIs in men versus women in a large cohort of patients with cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Data were derived from the SECRECY registry including nonselected patients with centrally inserted non-tunneled internal jugular or subclavian vein CVCs in 10 hematology and oncology sites in Germany. Only CRBSIs classified as definite CRBSI (dCRBSI) or probable CRBSI were included, and the combination of both was summarized as dpCRBSI. CVCs were matched 1:1 for underlying disease, anatomic site of CVC insertion, type of CVC dressing, antimicrobial coated CVC, complicated CVC insertion, and CVC in situ time by propensity score matching (PSM). Endpoints were CRBSI rates and incidences in CVCs inserted in men versus women.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 5,075 CVCs registered from March 2013 to March 2024 were included in the analysis, of which 3,024 comprise the PSM cohort. A total of 1,512 (50.0%) CVCs were inserted in men. Underlying diseases mainly were hematological malignancies (96.4%). While there was no statistically significant difference between men and women in the dCRBSI rate (5.4% vs. 4.1%; p = 0.12) and the dCRBSI incidence (3.8 vs. 2.9/1,000 CVC days; p = 0.11), the rate of dpCRBSI (9.9% vs. 6.7%; p = 0.002) and the dpCRBSI incidence (7.0 vs. 4.7/1,000 CVC days; p = 0.002) were significantly higher in men versus women. The proportion of coagulase-negative staphylococci as causative agent of both dCRBSI and dpCRBSI was higher in men than in women (58.8% vs. 41.2%; p = 0.07 and 61.5% vs. 38.5%; p = 0.002, respectively). A multivariable regression revealed neutropenia as an independent risk factor for dCRBSI and male sex as risk factor for dCRBSI and dpCRBSI.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In patients with hematological malignancies, men have a higher risk of CRBSI than women. This finding may be attributed to the high number of jugular vein-inserted CVCs, which in men may be associated with higher rates of skin colonization than in women. Special preventive measures such as earlier removal of CVCs in men may be studied in future.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Men are generally more susceptible to bacterial infections than women. Central venous catheters (CVCs), often used to administer systemic treatment in patients with cancer, are an important source of infection. However, little is known about sex-specific differences of CVC-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in patients with cancer. This study aimed to compare CRBSIs in men versus women in a large cohort of patients with cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;D","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Insights from Long-Term Clinical Use of Circulating Tumor DNA-Based Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring in Translocation-Associated Sarcomas.","authors":"Sophie Joch, Maria Anna Smolle, Karl Kashofer, Andrea Thüringer, Joanna Szkandera, Martin Benesch, Amin El-Heliebi, Bernadette Liegl-Atzwanger, Andreas Leithner, Markus G Seidel","doi":"10.1159/000543223","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543223","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Assessment of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a means to monitor disease activity in translocation-associated tumors has become very popular in clinical practice. However, there are still few studies on its clinical application to date. Our study evaluates the clinical applicability of ctDNA as a biomarker for monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with translocation-associated sarcomas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this retrospective study, we correlated 285 ctDNA samples from 34 patients diagnosed with translocation-associated sarcoma with the clinical course and images. Blood samples were collected at multiple time points during follow-up (median: 97 weeks, range: 7-398).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We discovered a significant association between ctDNA levels and the clinical course of the disease, particularly noting differences between patients in remission or with progressive disease (p = 0.001). Furthermore, although we noted that ctDNA levels remained undetectable in a few cases of unilocular recurrence (n = 3), they were consistently higher in patients with multilocular recurrence (n = 14; p = 0.008).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Monitoring ctDNA levels provides highly specific, additional information enabling early recurrence detection in patients with translocation-associated sarcomas during the follow-up and can be integrated into clinical practice. However, MRD monitoring by ctDNA quantification alone does not allow the reliable detection of 100% of unilocular recurrences and should be complemented by the use of conventional imaging techniques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Assessment of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a means to monitor disease activity in translocation-associated tumors has become very popular in clinical practice. However, there are still few studies on its clinical application to date. Our study evaluates the clinical applicability of ctDNA as a biomarker for monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with translocation-associated sarcomas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this retrospective study, we correlated 285 ctDNA samples from 34 patients diagnosed with translocation-associated sarcoma with the clinical course and images. Blood samples were collected at multiple time points during follow-up (median: 97 weeks, range: 7-398).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We discovered a significant association between ctDNA levels and the clinical course of the disease, particularly noting differences between patients in remission or with progressive disease (p = 0.001). Furthermore, although we noted that ctDNA levels remained undetectable in a few cases of unilocular recurrence (n = 3), they were consistently higher in patients with multilocular recurrence (n = 14; p = 0.008).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Monitoring ctDNA levels provides highly specific, additional information enabling early recurrence detection in patients wit","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"186-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Targeting CAR-T Cell Strategies to Overcome Immune Evasion in Lymphoid and Myeloid Malignancies.","authors":"Jessica Peter, Fabio Toppeta, Alexandre Trubert, Sophia Danhof, Michael Hudecek, Thomas Däullary","doi":"10.1159/000543806","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has become a groundbreaking treatment for hematological malignancies, particularly lymphomas and multiple myeloma, with high remission rates in refractory and relapsed patients. However, most CAR-T therapies target a single antigen, such as CD19, which can result in immune evasion through antigen escape. This mechanism describes the downregulation or complete loss of the targeted antigen by the tumor cells, eventually leading to relapse. To address this issue, multi-targeting strategies like logic-gated CARs, adapter CARs, or combination therapies can increase the potency of CAR-T cells. These approaches aim to minimize immune evasion by targeting multiple antigens simultaneously, thereby increasing treatment durability. Additionally, advanced tools such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), or multiparametric flow cytometry are helping to identify novel tumor-specific targets and improve therapy designs.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review explores the current landscape of CAR-T cell therapies in lymphoid and myeloid malignancies, highlights ongoing clinical trials, and discusses the future of these innovative multi-targeting approaches to improve patient outcome.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Antigen escape limits CAR-T cell therapy success, but multi-targeting strategies like logic gates and adapter CARs offer solutions. Optimizing antigen selection and CAR design, along with larger clinical trials, is essential for improving patient outcomes. Personalization using advanced technologies like CRISPR screening and single-cell RNA sequencing can enhance durability and effectiveness of treatments for heavily pretreated patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"265-279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Supportive Therapie bei Krebs: AGSMO Jahreskongress 2025, 24. Mai 2025, Berlin und online - Abstracts].","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000545615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":"48 Suppl 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}