Oncology Research and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Thoracic Oncology Highlights from the European Society for Medical Oncology Annual Meeting 2024: Non-targeted therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) and Thymic Epithelial Tumors (TET).","authors":"Marie-Elisabeth Leßmann, Christine Sibbert, Lea Reitnauer, Sophie Heinzen, Maximilian Webendörfer, Tobias Raphael Overbeck, Frank Griesinger, Annalen Bleckmann, Marcel Wiesweg, Amanda Tufman, Michael Thomas, Cornelia Kropf-Sanchen","doi":"10.1159/000545493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2024 presented pivotal new data across various trials that continue to explore the nuances of immunotherapy (ICI) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In early-stage lung cancer, additional data was presented for immune-checkpoint-inhibitor therapy in the perioperative setting, aiming to deepen the knowledge of potential predictive markers. An update from the ADRIATIC study on limited-stage SCLC provided new insights into various subgroups, including the impact of different aspects of radiation therapy and the choice of platinum doublet chemotherapy. In the context of palliative treatment of NSCLC several studies focused on optimizing first-line therapy, e.g. by incorporating anti-TIGIT or LAG-3 antibodies. Additionally, the issue of targeting resistance pathways in patients with advanced NSCLC was addressed. Deescalation of therapy was the aim of low-dose versus standard-dose Pembrolizumab in advanced NSCLC. Preliminary data in thymic epithelial tumors (TET) and immune-checkpoint-inhibitor (ICI) therapy in combination with Lenvatinib were presented in the PECATI trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic evaluation of vitamin D and the risk of breast cancer development.","authors":"Mei Zhang, Junting Zhang, Guangyao Huang, Shan Gao, Junping Wang","doi":"10.1159/000545130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgroud: </strong>Tumor is a major public health problem worldwide and poses a serious threat to human life and health. Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing tumors.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Epidemiological evidence supports the anti-tumor effect of vitamin D mainly comes from the binding of its active metabolites and vitamin D receptor（VDR） to play relevant biological functions. The meta-analysis generally reported that high vitamin D status was a protective factor for breast cancer (BC). In addition, the relationship of vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms with the tumor and the relationship between vitamin D levels and tumor occurrence and risk have also attracted much attention.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>This paper reviews the research progress of vitamin D metabolism, potential anticancer mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment and its relationship with the risk of different tumors, and explores the relationship between vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms and tumors, providing theoretical reference for primary prevention of future tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of advanced or metastatic Urothelial Cancer.","authors":"Thomas Hilser, Christopher Darr, Jens Bedke, Philipp Ivanyi, Niklas Klümper, Markus Eckstein, Katrin Schlack, Viktor Grünwald","doi":"10.1159/000545514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a significant global health burden and shows consistent increase in incidence. The treatment landscape for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) has evolved, but significant challenges remain to prolong survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The article is based on the content of the recent guidelines and a selective literature search.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For many years in the past, cisplatin-based chemotherapy was the standard first-line therapy for eligible patients. But chemotherapy alone provides limited long-term benefit, and a large proportion of patients either progress rapidly or are ineligible for cisplatin due to comorbidities. This demonstrates the medical need and led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and antibody drug conjugates (ADC) in the field of mUC treatment. More recently, the introduction of ADCs further enlarged the medical armentarium in mUC patients and was further explored as combined regimens. The combination of enfortumab vedotin (EV) and pembrolizumab was superior to standard platin-based chemotherapy as did nivolumab plus gemcitabine with cisplatin, which permanently transformed the medical treatment landscape in mUC. Today, EV plus pembrolizumab is the first line standard in treatment of therapeutic advanced or mUC. New options are also emerging, such as molecular therapies that target the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). In the future, targeted therapy could also be used in the perioperative area.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The advent of ICI therapies marked a milestone in medical treatment, which improved survival in UC patients. EV combined with pembrolizumab has fundamentally changed the medical treatment of this disease. This novel therapy in combination with molecular therapies, novel devices and molecular markers offers a great opportunity for the next step in medical development in localized UC and its clinical applicability is being investigated in ongoing studies Key message: Today, EV combined with pembrolizumab sets a new standard of care in medical treatment of a/mUC patients. Compared to platinum-based therapy, EV-P doubled the overall survival probability and reported a median OS of 31.5 months, which is a new hallmark of palliative medical treatment in this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment satisfaction and treatment wishes of patients with chronic cancer-related pain.","authors":"Hannes Hofbauer, Birgit Abberger, Nadia Kheirandish, Kristin Kieselbach","doi":"10.1159/000545363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose Up to 40% of long-term cancer survivors suffer from chronic cancer-related pain (CCRP) with often inadequate treatment. CCRP is influenced by biopsychosocial factors, with interdisciplinary multimodal pain therapy (IMPT) being a comprehensive treatment option. In our study, patients with CCRP were asked about their treatment satisfaction and treatment wishes. Methods Two anonymous online surveys on CCRP in long-term survivors were analyzed: Survey 1 from cancer self-help group members and Survey 2 from patients with CCRP assessed at the Interdisciplinary Pain Centre (IPC), resulting in recommendations ranging from outpatient treatment to IMPT. Results 38 members of 8 self-help groups in Survey 1 and 50 of 158 patients with CCRP in Survey 2 completed the questionnaire. In both surveys, relevant pain impairment and pain therapy dissatisfaction were identified. A higher intensity of therapy, including the implementation of IMPT, did not lead to better pain control. Consistent with the biopsychosocial factors in CCRP, increased depression scores and increased treatment dissatisfaction correlated. In both surveys participants expressed extensive therapy wishes. Conclusions Despite comprehensive therapeutic approaches, long-term survivors with CCRP suffer from severe pain and treatment dissatisfaction. Biopsychosocial influences are evident, with depression worsening treatment satisfaction. Classical IMPT for CCRP may not be targeted enough and a more specific therapeutic approach should be developed and must be tested using PROMs (patient-reported outcome measures).</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PARANEOPLASTIC PAPILLITIS AS A PRECURSOR TO COLON CARCINOMA. A CASE OF UNEXPECTED VISION LOSS LEADING TO EARLY CANCER DETECTION.","authors":"Tana Takacova, Yashpal Singh, Adrian Seidel, Raphael Gübitz, Dirk Arnold","doi":"10.1159/000545214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are rare manifestations of cancer, characterized by auto-antibodies targeting neuronal antigens. These syndromes often precede or accompany cancer diagnosis, complicating their interpretation. In this case report, we present the first documented patient with paraneoplastic papillitis causing visual disturbances in association with colorectal adenocarcinoma. A 76-year-old female presented with acute vision loss and difficulty walking. A multidisciplinary team, including an ophthalmologist, neurologist, gastroenterologist, radiologist, and oncologist, collaborated to diagnose early-stage adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon. This diagnosis was triggered by the detection of anti-CV2 and anti-amphiphysin antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid, indicative of PNS. This case underscores the necessity of considering colorectal carcinoma in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid syndromes and highlights the crucial role of interdisciplinary collaboration in identifying rare paraneoplastic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Statin Use on Survival Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.","authors":"Pornpimon Nittiwatthanawit, Putsarat Insin","doi":"10.1159/000545430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) usually experience a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 40%. Thus, there would be an interest in a new perspective on the anticancer action of statins on survival outcomes in patients with EOC. This study aimed to assess the effect of statin on survival outcomes in patients diagnosed with EOC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on EOC patients scheduled for cytoreductive surgery at Rajavithi Hospital between January 2012 and December 2016. Data on statin use before being diagnosed with EOC and cancer treatment were extracted from medical records. Survival outcomes, including progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, comparing statin users and non-users. The Cox proportional hazards model was employed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) to determine the association between statin use and survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 477 EOC patients met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 76 (15.9%) were statin users, while 401 (84.1%) were non-users. Over a median follow-up of 59 months, 210 patients (44%) experienced disease recurrence, and 197 (41.3%) succumbed to EOC. There was no statistically significant difference between statin users and non-users between 5-year PFS (45.1% vs. 56.1%, p=0.295) or 5-year OS (50.8% vs. 55.3%, p=0.590). Multivariate Cox analysis identified advanced cancer stage and optimal surgery as independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS. However, statin uses did not significantly impact PFS (adjusted HR 1.09; 95%CI 0.73,1.64) or OS (adjusted HR 0.84; 95%CI 0.56,1.27).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Statin use was not associated with improved survival outcomes in patients with EOC. Future research, preferably through prospective randomized control trials, is warranted to minimize selection bias and further explore the potential benefits of statin in this context.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Targeting CAR-T Cell Strategies to Overcome Immune Evasion in Lymphoid and Myeloid Malignancies.","authors":"Jessica Peter, Fabio Toppeta, Alexandre Trubert, Sophia Danhof, Michael Hudecek, Thomas Däullary","doi":"10.1159/000543806","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has become a groundbreaking treatment for hematological malignancies, particularly lymphomas and multiple myeloma, with high remission rates in refractory and relapsed patients. However, most CAR-T therapies target a single antigen, such as CD19, which can result in immune evasion through antigen escape. This mechanism describes the downregulation or complete loss of the targeted antigen by the tumor cells, eventually leading to relapse. To address this issue, multi-targeting strategies like logic-gated CARs, adapter CARs, or combination therapies can increase the potency of CAR-T cells. These approaches aim to minimize immune evasion by targeting multiple antigens simultaneously, thereby increasing treatment durability. Additionally, advanced tools such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), or multiparametric flow cytometry are helping to identify novel tumor-specific targets and improve therapy designs.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review explores the current landscape of CAR-T cell therapies in lymphoid and myeloid malignancies, highlights ongoing clinical trials, and discusses the future of these innovative multi-targeting approaches to improve patient outcome.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Antigen escape limits CAR-T cell therapy success, but multi-targeting strategies like logic gates and adapter CARs offer solutions. Optimizing antigen selection and CAR design, along with larger clinical trials, is essential for improving patient outcomes. Personalization using advanced technologies like CRISPR screening and single-cell RNA sequencing can enhance durability and effectiveness of treatments for heavily pretreated patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights of Translational and Molecular Research Presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology Annual Meeting 2024.","authors":"Carolin Krekeler, Verena Turco, Annabel Helga Sophie Alig, Annalen Bleckmann, Michael Quante, Christoph Benedikt Westphalen, Kathrin Heinrich, Maryam Barsch","doi":"10.1159/000543566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000543566","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Gynecological Oncology: A Comparative Study of ChatGPT-Omni and Gemini-Pro Across Repeated Intervals with Case Scenario and Open-Ended Queries.","authors":"Seckin Tuna Kaplan","doi":"10.1159/000545231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>supporting clinical decision-making, diagnosis, and treatment. The study aims to compare the performance of ChatGPT-4o (Omni) and Gemini-pro in answering clinical questions and case scenarios related to gynecological oncology and to assess the consistency of their long-term responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-phase comparative analysis was conducted. 700 clinical questions (350 per model) were developed and categorized into open-ended and case-scenario questions. Three months later, the same set of questions was presented again to evaluate any changes in performance for accuracy, completeness, and guideline adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Omni outperformed Gemini-pro across all question types (p=0.001). Omni achieved a mean score of 5.9 for the basic open-ended questions, higher than Gemini, which had 5.1 (p=0.001). It also maintained a clear advantage in complex, open-ended questions, scoring a mean of 5.6 than Gemini AI's 4.2 (p=0.001). Omni scored a mean of 5.7 for basic case scenarios, while Gemini AI lagged with a mean score of 5 (p=0.001). Omni showed a modest improvement in complex, open-ended queries, with an increase of 0.2 points (+3.57%) (p=0.001). Omni provided more accurate and comprehensive responses in guideline adherence than Gemini, particularly in complex cases requiring nuanced judgment and adherence to oncology protocols. Its responses aligned with the latest guidelines, including the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Omni is a more reliable and consistent model for answering questions related to gynecological cancers than Gemini. The stability of Omni's performance over time highlights its potential as an effective tool for clinical applications requiring high accuracy and consistency.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Early Tumor Shrinkage and Depth of Response on the Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization and Lenvatinib Plus PD-1 Inhibitors.","authors":"Xiaobing Zhang, Zhemin Shen, Shuping Qu, Hongyu Pan, Yalin Chen, Dong Wu","doi":"10.1159/000545210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Systematic therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have now been approved as the mainstay treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). However, only a minority of the patients are expected to respond to TKIs and ICIs. Because early tumor shrinkage (ETS) and depth of response (DoR) might have the potential to predict survival outcomes, this study aimed to identify the optimal cutoffs for ETS and DoR to predict patients' clinical outcomes in their early treatment stage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study enrolled patients with uHCC treated with triple combination therapy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and lenvatinib plus toripalimab between November 2017 and March 2022. The clinical characteristics, ETS, DoR, and overall efficacy were collected to analyze the optimal cutoffs for ETS and DoR and predict patient survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 157 patients were included. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were observed in 94 (59.87%) and 130 (82.8%) patients, respectively, with a median progression-free survival (mPFS) of 8 months and a median overall survival (mOS) of 23 months. Patients with ETS ≥10% had significantly longer mPFS (11 months) and mOS (24 months), and patients with DoR ≥27% had significantly prolonged mPFS (10 months) and mOS (23 months).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ETS of 10% and DoR of 27% were identified as the optimal cutoffs for predicting the clinical outcomes of patients with uHCC treated with TACE and lenvatinib plus a programmed death-1 inhibitor.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}