Oncology Research and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Regulatory Policies in Shaping Outpatient Cancer Treatment in Germany: A Comparative Perspective.","authors":"Julia Heinen, Max Kraemer, Florian Kron, Michael Hallek","doi":"10.1159/000552372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000552372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The German healthcare system has traditionally separated sectors for inpatient and outpatient care. Recently, outpatient care was increasingly integrated into hospital settings, in particular for cancer patients. This transition has been gradual, leading to inconsistencies in coordination, quality assurance and reimbursement. This study compares how different reimbursement frameworks impact outpatient care for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma at the University Hospital of Cologne (UHC) and its affiliated medical service center (Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum, MVZ).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis (2018-2021) was conducted using clinical and billing data of the outpatient unit of the Department I of Internal Medicine (Dept I) and the MVZ. Patients with DLBCL or stage IV EGJ adenocarcinoma receiving first-line therapy were included. Adherence to S3 guideline-based reference care pathways was assessed alongside additional service provision. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U tests and regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: Among 93 eligible patients (DLBCL, n=65; EGJ, n=28), DLBCL patients treated at the Dept I showed significantly higher adherence to standard procedures during primary staging and pre-therapeutic assessments compared to the MVZ (p < 0.01). The Dept I more frequently delegated routine tasks to general practitioners during chemotherapy cycles 4-6 (p < 0.01) and provided more additional medical consultations during treatment (p < 0.01). In contrast, the MVZ used multiday chemotherapy schedules more frequently than the Dept I (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for EGJ patients. Overall, both settings maintained equal levels of guideline-compliant care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regulatory frameworks did not impact overall service volume but influenced certain aspects of care delivery. The outpatient unit of the Dept I adopted a more integrated, service-oriented approach, while the MVZ emphasized operational efficiency. Overall, the findings show that reimbursement schedules influence the operational standards of cancer care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Un-)Known Chances: Emerging Hope for Cancer of Unknown Primary - Highlights from ESMO 2025 and the first International Cancer of Unknown Primary Meeting.","authors":"Maximilian Haas, Louisa Hempel, Alwin Krämer, Gerdt Hübner","doi":"10.1159/000551434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000551434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) accounts for 1-3% of newly diagnosed cancers. For decades, management has relied on empirical platinum-based chemotherapy, which offers a poor prognosis with a median overall survival typically below one year. However, data from the ESMO 2025 Congress and the International Cancer of Unknown Primary Meeting (ICUPM) signal a transformative shift in the field. This review synthesises current and upcoming data on integrative genomic profiling, liquid biopsy-based tissue-of-origin prediction, functional imaging, and tumour-agnostic therapeutic strategies in CUP. Together, these advances support redefining CUP as a molecularly stratifiable disease requiring early comprehensive profiling and multidisciplinary interpretation to improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving tumor-agnostic therapy to the big stage - translational and molecular oncology highlights from the ESMO Congress 2025.","authors":"Elisabeth Tregel, Damian T Rieke, Annalen Bleckmann, Christoph Benedikt Westphalen, Ina Pretzell, Sebastian Lange, Michael Quante, Linus D Kloker","doi":"10.1159/000551042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000551042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146227501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is new in the German S3 guideline on gastric cancer: diagnosis, staging and treatment.","authors":"Markus Moehler, Yvonne Huber, Jan Bornschein, Ines Gockel, Lars Grenacher, Peter Grimminger, Stefan Höcht, Christian Jenssen, Michael Klein, Sylvie Lorenzen, Helmut Messmann, Katja Ott, Christoph Röcken, Peter Thuß-Patience, Marino Venerito, Ulrich Wedding, Susanne Unverzagt","doi":"10.1159/000550791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000550791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carcinomas of the stomach and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) are the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In Germany, gastric cancer ranks tenth in incidence across both sexes. This summary of a German national guideline aims to provide the most relevant evidence-based recommendations on diagnosis and treatment of gastric and EGJ adenocarcinomas and has been comprehensively updated by an interdisciplinary panel of experts from national medical societies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>New recommendations introduces preventive strategies, including management of familial risk due to microsatellite instability (MSI) and H. pylori eradication. The biomarkers HER2, PD-L1, MSI, and Claudin18.2 enable the use of targeted therapies that improve long-term outcomes in advanced disease. Combinations of chemotherapy with immunotherapy nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or tislelizumab significantly prolong survival compared with chemotherapy alone (e.g., nivolumab 14.4 vs. 11.1 months, HR 0.71; pembrolizumab 13.0 vs 11.4 months, HR 0.75; tislelizumab 17.2 vs. 12.6 months, HR 0.74) with 5-year survival rates up to 16%. In patients with high Claudin18.2 expression, zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy has improved median survival to 16.4 vs. 13.4 months (HR 0.77). For patients in good general condition, subsequent lines of therapy including biomarker-driven approaches (trastuzumab deruxtecan, pembrolizumab) or third-line therapies (e.g., trifluridine tipirazil) and advanced molecular diagnostics are recommended after treatment failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The updated S3 guideline reflects the latest advances in diagnostics, improved palliative therapies, and supportive care. The objectives are to improve the quality of individual and broad care and to ensure consistent, evidence-based treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146227496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Xin-Wen Zhang, Dirk Jäger, Stefanie Zschäbitz","doi":"10.1159/000546879","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Management of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has evolved significantly in the last years. Systemic treatment of clear cell RCC, the predominant subtype, is performed with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), anti-VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), HIF2α inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The application of ICI in early disease has raised new challenges regarding subsequent therapy strategies and management of new toxicities of immunotherapy-based combination therapies. Systemic treatment for non-clear cell RCC is challenging due to the lack of robust clinical evidence for effective treatment regimens. Recent phase-2 data also indicate a benefit of ICI-combination therapies for non-clear cell RCC. For oligometastatic or oligoprogressive diseases, local therapy with cytoreductive nephrectomy, metastasectomy or stereotactic radiation can be considered. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current treatment strategies for advanced RCC, including systemic therapies for both clear cell and non-clear cell subtypes, management of treatment-associated toxicities, and the role of local therapies.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Combination therapy for clear cell RCC is standard in first-line therapy and published data also support its use in non-clear cell carcinoma. Local therapies can be considered in selected patients. In subsequent treatment lines TKIs, mTOR inhibitors and the HIF2α inhibitor belzutifan are used.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer.","authors":"Thomas Hilser, Christopher Darr, Jens Bedke, Philipp Ivanyi, Niklas Klümper, Markus Eckstein, Katrin Schlack, Viktor Grünwald","doi":"10.1159/000545514","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a significant global health burden and shows consistent increase in incidence. The treatment landscape for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) has evolved, but significant challenges remain to prolong survival. The article is based on the content of the recent guidelines and a selective literature search.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>For many years in the past, cisplatin-based chemotherapy was the standard first-line therapy for eligible patients. But chemotherapy alone provides limited long-term benefit, and a large proportion of patients either progress rapidly or are ineligible for cisplatin due to comorbidities. This demonstrates the medical need and led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in the field of mUC treatment. More recently, the introduction of ADCs further enlarged the medical armamentarium in mUC patients and was further explored as combined regimens. The combination of enfortumab vedotin (EV) and pembrolizumab was superior to standard platin-based chemotherapy as did nivolumab plus gemcitabine with cisplatin, which permanently transformed the medical treatment landscape in mUC. Today, EV plus pembrolizumab is the first-line standard in treatment of therapeutic advanced or mUC. New options are also emerging, such as molecular therapies that target the fibroblast growth factor receptor. In the future, targeted therapy could also be used in the perioperative area.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>Today, EV combined with pembrolizumab sets a new standard of care in medical treatment of a/mUC patients. Compared to platinum-based therapy, EV plus pembrolizumab doubled the overall survival probability and reported a median OS of 31.5 months, which is a new hallmark of palliative medical treatment in this disease. This novel therapy in combination with molecular therapies, novel devices, and molecular markers offers a great opportunity for the next step in medical development in localized UC, and its clinical applicability is being investigated in ongoing studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"4-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-HER2/Neu Antibody Therapy Inhibits HER2⁺ Breast Cancer by Blocking Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Activity.","authors":"Jae-Hyeog Choi, Saegwang Park, Xingguo Quan, Jin-Hee Park, Myoung Joo Kang, Yong June Lee, Sung Sook Lee, Sung-Nam Lim, Jin Lee, Tae-Hoon No, So Young Jung, Ki Hyang Kim, Ji Young Lee, Won Sik Lee, Byeonghwa Bak, Chul Hoi Jeong, Il Hwan Kim","doi":"10.1159/000549018","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) constitute a heterogeneous population that plays a key role in tumor-related immune suppression. MDSCs are immature cells that express the myeloid markers CD11b and Gr1 in mice and accumulate in tumor-bearing mice, including those with HER2/neu+ breast cancer. We previously reported that tumor regression by anti-neu antibodies requires both innate and adaptive immunity. MDSCs inhibit both types of immunity and are immunosuppressive, particularly for T cells. However, the effect of anti-neu antibodies on MDSCs remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HER2+ TUBO tumor-bearing mice were treated with an anti-neu antibody or a control. MDSC populations were analyzed via flow cytometry, and immunosuppressive function was analyzed by a suppression assay. Tumors were analyzed using an RT2-PCR array and RT-PCR for gene expression related to MDSC activation, migration, and function. Additional mice received combination therapy with 5-FU or zoledronic acid to assess enhanced MDSC inhibition and changes in MDSC and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of MDSCs decreased within 3 days after anti-neu antibody treatment in the tumor and spleen, with the number of tumor MDSCs declining 1 day earlier. The number of monocytic MDSCs was significantly reduced in both tissues (p > 0.05). Anti-neu antibodies also reduced MDSC immunosuppressive activity. Gene expression analysis revealed decreased levels of IL-1β, VEGF, and CX3CL1, which are linked to MDSC activation and migration. The level of the immunosuppressive factor indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase was also reduced. Compared with treatment with the antibody alone, combination therapy with 5-FU further suppressed the number of MDSCs and TAMs, resulting in better tumor suppression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tumor suppression by anti-neu antibodies is associated with a reduction in MDSCs via the inhibition of key MDSC-related factors. MDSCs may be therapeutic targets for increasing Herceptin efficacy in patients with breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"203-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Advanced Penile Cancer.","authors":"Ramona Stelmach, Patrizia Giannatempo, Nicola Nicolai, Xavier Garcia Del Muro","doi":"10.1159/000546246","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Penile cancer is a rare, aggressive malignancy, with incidence varying geographically. The primary risk factor is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Squamous cell carcinoma represents the most common histological subtype, accounting for around 95% of cases. For advanced penile carcinoma, prognosis remains poor with a 5-year survival rate of 16% in stage IV disease. Treatment is largely centred on palliative systemic therapy. This review provides an overview of the evidence on palliative systemic treatment for advanced penile cancer, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, as well as emerging treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the established first-line treatment for advanced penile cancer, but its efficacy is often limited and short-lived. Immune checkpoint inhibitors showed limited but promising efficacy in penile carcinoma, with some patients experiencing durable responses, particularly those with high tumour mutational burden, HPV positivity, or high PD-L1 expression, though further research is needed to identify predictive biomarkers for optimal patient selection. HPV vaccine-based therapies targeting HPV oncoproteins, adoptive T-cell therapies and agents like binatrafusp alfa are showing potential in HPV-associated cancers, though their role in penile cancer remains uncertain. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating potentially synergistic combination therapies, such as HPV vaccines with checkpoint inhibitors or immune therapies combined with chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the first-line treatment for advanced penile cancer, while immunotherapy and targeted therapies show promise but require further investigation. Enrolling patients in clinical trials and conducting early tumour molecular sequencing, if possible, are crucial for improving outcomes and identifying effective treatment targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"48-61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"37. Deutscher Krebskongress: Fortschritt gemeinsam gestalten: zusammen - gezielt - zukunftsfähig: ABSTRACTS.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000550849","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550849","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":"49 Suppl. 1","pages":"1-335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146195141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the Evolving Landscape of Advanced Genitourinary Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Marcus Hentrich, Stefanie Zschäbitz","doi":"10.1159/000548229","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}