Oncology Research and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Prophylactic Tocilizumab in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Receiving Bispecific Antibodies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Angeline Tancherla, Fernando Dharmaraja, Andree Kurniawan","doi":"10.1159/000553500","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000553500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) remains a major toxicity associated with bispecific antibody (BsAb) therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Prophylactic IL-6 receptor blockade with tocilizumab has emerged as a potential strategy to mitigate CRS; however, its efficacy and safety have not been systematically evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Databases were searched for studies evaluating prophylactic tocilizumab in patients with RRMM receiving BsAb therapy. Comparative and single-arm studies were included. The primary outcome was CRS incidence. Secondary outcomes included CRS severity, adverse events, hospitalization, and antimyeloma efficacy. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) were calculated using random-effects models due to heterogeneity across studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies encompassing 704 patients were included, comprising 5 cohorts and 3 single-arm trials. Meta-analysis of 3 comparative studies demonstrated that prophylactic tocilizumab is associated with lower all-grade CRS incidence (RR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.16-0.53; p < 0.0001), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 59%). A pooled analysis of two studies evaluating grade ≥2 CRS showed a numerically lower risk with prophylaxis, although this did not reach statistical significance (RR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.02-2.57; p = 0.23). CRS events were predominantly low grade, short-lived, and occurred during step-up dosing. ICANS was uncommon, and infection and hematologic toxicity rates were comparable between groups. No signal of reduced overall response rate was observed (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.91-1.62; p = 0.19).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prophylactic tocilizumab is associated with lower CRS incidence without compromising efficacy in RRMM patients receiving BsAb therapy. Prospective randomized studies are warranted to confirm these findings and refine prophylactic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision Oncology in Northern Germany: Integrating Multi-Omics and Artificial Intelligence to Support Evidence-Based Molecular Tumor Boards.","authors":"Jan Vorwerk, Lisa Leypoldt, Johanna Schwandt, Jakob Kohler, Subbaiah Chary Nimmagadda, Helal Ahmed, Pradeep Kumar Patnana, Helene Hönemann, Theresa Helbing, Sabrina Feierabend, Eva Dazert, Lorenz Oelschläger, Thomas Beder, Lorenz Bastian, Felix Sommer, Henrike Zech, Malte Kriegs, Alice Dauth, Deepak Ailani, Corinna Albers-Leischner, Maximilian Christopeit, Steffen Heckl, Hauke Busch, Sarah Habig, Frank Ückert, Stephanie M J Fliedner, Niklas Gebauer, Nikolas von Bubnoff, Cyrus Khandanpour, Karin Huber","doi":"10.1159/000553462","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000553462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The expanding availability of multi-omics profiling and advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are changing precision oncology. Molecular testing strategies such as longitudinal liquid biopsy assessment, germline variant analysis, and the evaluation of tumor-infiltrating clonal hematopoiesis are gaining attention, given their potential to inform treatment decisions from surveillance through therapy selection.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In 2025, during a NORD (Northern Oncology, Research and Development) workshop on \"Precision Oncology,\" stakeholders from three Northern German University hospitals exchanged insights on the impact of tumor heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment, approaches for multi-layer data integration, and strategies to accelerate translation using innovative clinical trial designs. Building on this discussion, participants evaluated how the integration of multi-omics data, AI, and ML into Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) workflows could enhance decision-making, as well as the challenges associated with implementing these tools in routine clinical care. The workshop thereby not only identified key opportunities and obstacles but also formulated recommendations on how these tools can be stepwise integrated into existing workflows to generate the evidence required for their implementation in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>This review connects expert perspectives with targeted literature to outline how these emerging methods advance precision oncology. It further identifies the technical, structural, and clinical requirements for their implementation in clinical use, and highlights how they can improve the quality, speed and accessibility of MTB recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148472056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Xin-Wen Zhang, Dirk Jäger, Stefanie Zschäbitz","doi":"10.1159/000546879","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Management of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has evolved significantly in the last years. Systemic treatment of clear cell RCC, the predominant subtype, is performed with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), anti-VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), HIF2α inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The application of ICI in early disease has raised new challenges regarding subsequent therapy strategies and management of new toxicities of immunotherapy-based combination therapies. Systemic treatment for non-clear cell RCC is challenging due to the lack of robust clinical evidence for effective treatment regimens. Recent phase-2 data also indicate a benefit of ICI-combination therapies for non-clear cell RCC. For oligometastatic or oligoprogressive diseases, local therapy with cytoreductive nephrectomy, metastasectomy or stereotactic radiation can be considered. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current treatment strategies for advanced RCC, including systemic therapies for both clear cell and non-clear cell subtypes, management of treatment-associated toxicities, and the role of local therapies.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Combination therapy for clear cell RCC is standard in first-line therapy and published data also support its use in non-clear cell carcinoma. Local therapies can be considered in selected patients. In subsequent treatment lines TKIs, mTOR inhibitors and the HIF2α inhibitor belzutifan are used.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer.","authors":"Thomas Hilser, Christopher Darr, Jens Bedke, Philipp Ivanyi, Niklas Klümper, Markus Eckstein, Katrin Schlack, Viktor Grünwald","doi":"10.1159/000545514","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a significant global health burden and shows consistent increase in incidence. The treatment landscape for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) has evolved, but significant challenges remain to prolong survival. The article is based on the content of the recent guidelines and a selective literature search.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>For many years in the past, cisplatin-based chemotherapy was the standard first-line therapy for eligible patients. But chemotherapy alone provides limited long-term benefit, and a large proportion of patients either progress rapidly or are ineligible for cisplatin due to comorbidities. This demonstrates the medical need and led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in the field of mUC treatment. More recently, the introduction of ADCs further enlarged the medical armamentarium in mUC patients and was further explored as combined regimens. The combination of enfortumab vedotin (EV) and pembrolizumab was superior to standard platin-based chemotherapy as did nivolumab plus gemcitabine with cisplatin, which permanently transformed the medical treatment landscape in mUC. Today, EV plus pembrolizumab is the first-line standard in treatment of therapeutic advanced or mUC. New options are also emerging, such as molecular therapies that target the fibroblast growth factor receptor. In the future, targeted therapy could also be used in the perioperative area.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>Today, EV combined with pembrolizumab sets a new standard of care in medical treatment of a/mUC patients. Compared to platinum-based therapy, EV plus pembrolizumab doubled the overall survival probability and reported a median OS of 31.5 months, which is a new hallmark of palliative medical treatment in this disease. This novel therapy in combination with molecular therapies, novel devices, and molecular markers offers a great opportunity for the next step in medical development in localized UC, and its clinical applicability is being investigated in ongoing studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"4-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-HER2/Neu Antibody Therapy Inhibits HER2⁺ Breast Cancer by Blocking Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Activity.","authors":"Jae-Hyeog Choi, Saegwang Park, Xingguo Quan, Jin-Hee Park, Myoung Joo Kang, Yong June Lee, Sung Sook Lee, Sung-Nam Lim, Jin Lee, Tae-Hoon No, So Young Jung, Ki Hyang Kim, Ji Young Lee, Won Sik Lee, Byeonghwa Bak, Chul Hoi Jeong, Il Hwan Kim","doi":"10.1159/000549018","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) constitute a heterogeneous population that plays a key role in tumor-related immune suppression. MDSCs are immature cells that express the myeloid markers CD11b and Gr1 in mice and accumulate in tumor-bearing mice, including those with HER2/neu+ breast cancer. We previously reported that tumor regression by anti-neu antibodies requires both innate and adaptive immunity. MDSCs inhibit both types of immunity and are immunosuppressive, particularly for T cells. However, the effect of anti-neu antibodies on MDSCs remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HER2+ TUBO tumor-bearing mice were treated with an anti-neu antibody or a control. MDSC populations were analyzed via flow cytometry, and immunosuppressive function was analyzed by a suppression assay. Tumors were analyzed using an RT2-PCR array and RT-PCR for gene expression related to MDSC activation, migration, and function. Additional mice received combination therapy with 5-FU or zoledronic acid to assess enhanced MDSC inhibition and changes in MDSC and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of MDSCs decreased within 3 days after anti-neu antibody treatment in the tumor and spleen, with the number of tumor MDSCs declining 1 day earlier. The number of monocytic MDSCs was significantly reduced in both tissues (p > 0.05). Anti-neu antibodies also reduced MDSC immunosuppressive activity. Gene expression analysis revealed decreased levels of IL-1β, VEGF, and CX3CL1, which are linked to MDSC activation and migration. The level of the immunosuppressive factor indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase was also reduced. Compared with treatment with the antibody alone, combination therapy with 5-FU further suppressed the number of MDSCs and TAMs, resulting in better tumor suppression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tumor suppression by anti-neu antibodies is associated with a reduction in MDSCs via the inhibition of key MDSC-related factors. MDSCs may be therapeutic targets for increasing Herceptin efficacy in patients with breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"203-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Honey Combined with Cryotherapy in the Prevention and Management of Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis in Patients Undergoing Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer.","authors":"Yuting Bao, Yajing Kan, Shuang Yang, Wanmin Qiang, Jing Zhao","doi":"10.1159/000553185","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000553185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The objectives of the study were to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of honey combined with cryotherapy on radiation-induced oral mucositis (RTOM) in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy and to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical prevention and management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a single-center, prospective comparative design. A total of 72 head and neck cancer patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and received concurrent chemoradiotherapy in a specialized oncology institution between July 2021 and May 2022 were enrolled in this study. The patients were allocated equally into 2 groups: 1 in the intervention group (n = 36) that received honey and cryotherapy, and one in the control group (n = 36) that received routine nursing care. Interventions were applied at three time periods - prior to radiotherapy, 15 min post-radiotherapy, and 6 h afterward. The main outcome measures were onset time and grade of RTOM assessed via criteria established by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). Independent-samples t and χ2 tests were utilized to analyze timing and grading outcome between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed between the two groups in the onset time of RTOM (15.58 ± 4.60 days vs. 11.58 ± 6.22 days; p = 0.003) and in the incidence of grade ≥II RTOM (11.11% vs. 33.33%; p = 0.045). Statistical differences in severity grading were also observed during the second week (χ2 = 12.828, p = 0.005) and the third week (χ2 = 10.619, p = 0.014) of treatment, indicating consistent intergroup benefits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Honey in combination with cryotherapy is probably a safe, low-cost nursing intervention that could postpone the onset and severity of RTOM in head and neck cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. This could improve comfort and compliance through poorly tolerated treatment, but further validation with more comprehensive studies is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"349-356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Advanced Penile Cancer.","authors":"Ramona Stelmach, Patrizia Giannatempo, Nicola Nicolai, Xavier Garcia Del Muro","doi":"10.1159/000546246","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Penile cancer is a rare, aggressive malignancy, with incidence varying geographically. The primary risk factor is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Squamous cell carcinoma represents the most common histological subtype, accounting for around 95% of cases. For advanced penile carcinoma, prognosis remains poor with a 5-year survival rate of 16% in stage IV disease. Treatment is largely centred on palliative systemic therapy. This review provides an overview of the evidence on palliative systemic treatment for advanced penile cancer, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, as well as emerging treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the established first-line treatment for advanced penile cancer, but its efficacy is often limited and short-lived. Immune checkpoint inhibitors showed limited but promising efficacy in penile carcinoma, with some patients experiencing durable responses, particularly those with high tumour mutational burden, HPV positivity, or high PD-L1 expression, though further research is needed to identify predictive biomarkers for optimal patient selection. HPV vaccine-based therapies targeting HPV oncoproteins, adoptive T-cell therapies and agents like binatrafusp alfa are showing potential in HPV-associated cancers, though their role in penile cancer remains uncertain. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating potentially synergistic combination therapies, such as HPV vaccines with checkpoint inhibitors or immune therapies combined with chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the first-line treatment for advanced penile cancer, while immunotherapy and targeted therapies show promise but require further investigation. Enrolling patients in clinical trials and conducting early tumour molecular sequencing, if possible, are crucial for improving outcomes and identifying effective treatment targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"48-61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Un-)Known Chances: Emerging Hope for Cancer of Unknown Primary - Highlights from ESMO 2025 and the First International Cancer of Unknown Primary Meeting.","authors":"Maximilian Haas, Louisa Hempel, Alwin Krämer, Gerdt Hübner","doi":"10.1159/000551434","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) accounts for 1-3% of newly diagnosed cancers and remains a biologically heterogeneous and clinically challenging entity. For decades, management has relied on empirical platinum-based chemotherapy, which offers a poor prognosis with a median overall survival typically below 1 year. Recent advances in comprehensive genomic profiling, liquid biopsy, functional imaging, and tumour-agnostic drug development may transform diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms for the management of CUP.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review synthesises current and upcoming data presented at ESMO 2025 and the first International Cancer of Unknown Primary Meeting (ICUPM), integrated with recent peer-reviewed literature. We highlight emerging diagnostic strategies, including whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing, ctDNA-based tissue-of-origin and cancer signal origin assays, and novel imaging modalities applied to CUP. We further discuss the clinical impact of multimodal molecular tumour boards, early detection approaches, and tumour-agnostic treatment strategies, including KRAS-directed and T-cell receptor-engineered cellular therapies.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>(i) Whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing, particularly when integrated within multidisciplinary tumour boards, may substantially improve diagnostic precision and tissue-of-origin prediction and may further be associated with improved survival in CUP patients. (ii) Liquid biopsy-based assays provide complementary, minimally invasive approaches for molecular stratification and tissue-of-origin prediction, with faster turnaround times than classical tissue sequencing. (iii) Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor PET-CT shows promise in improving primary tumour and metastasis detection beyond FDG-PET-CT. (iv) Tumour-agnostic treatment strategies, e.g., KRAS-selective inhibitors and T-cell receptor-engineered T-cell therapy, may advance the groundwork for molecularly driven treatment for CUP.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"322-329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Regulatory Policies in Shaping Outpatient Cancer Treatment in Germany: A Comparative Perspective.","authors":"Julia Heinen, Max Kraemer, Florian Kron, Michael Hallek","doi":"10.1159/000552372","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The German healthcare system has traditionally separated sectors for inpatient and outpatient care. Recently, outpatient care has increasingly been integrated into hospital settings, in particular for cancer patients. This transition has been gradual, leading to inconsistencies in coordination, quality assurance, and reimbursement. This study compares how different reimbursement frameworks impact outpatient care for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma at the University Hospital of Cologne (UHC) and its affiliated medical service center (Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum [MVZ]).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis (2018-2021) was conducted using clinical and billing data of the outpatient unit of the Department I of Internal Medicine (Dept I) and the MVZ. Patients with DLBCL or stage IV EGJ adenocarcinoma receiving first-line therapy were included. Adherence to S3 guideline-based reference care pathways was assessed alongside additional service provision. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U tests and regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 93 eligible patients (DLBCL, n = 65; EGJ, n = 28), DLBCL patients treated at the Dept I showed significantly higher adherence to standard procedures during primary staging and pre-therapeutic assessments compared to the MVZ (p < 0.01). The Dept I more frequently delegated routine tasks to general practitioners during chemotherapy cycles 4-6 (p < 0.01) and provided more additional medical consultations during treatment (p < 0.01). In contrast, the MVZ used multiday chemotherapy schedules more frequently than the Dept I (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for EGJ patients. Overall, both settings maintained equal levels of guideline-compliant care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regulatory frameworks did not impact overall service volume but influenced certain aspects of care delivery. The outpatient unit of the Dept I adopted a more integrated, service-oriented approach, while the MVZ emphasized operational efficiency. Overall, the findings show that reimbursement schedules influence the operational standards of cancer care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"303-313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genitourinary Oncology Highlights from the European Society for Medical Oncology Annual Meeting 2025: Advances in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.","authors":"Xin-Wen Zhang, Katrin Schlack, Arndt Hartmann, Thomas Steiner, Peter J Siska","doi":"10.1159/000552743","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Background: At ESMO 2025, practice-changing advances in genitourinary oncology emerged for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), highlighting a shift toward early systemic treatment and biomarker-driven treatment selection. Summary: In localized RCC, the NESCIO trial showed pathologic responses with short-course neoadjuvant checkpoint inhibition, while the RAMPART study supported adjuvant dual checkpoint blockade for high-risk disease. For advanced RCC, the KEYMAKER-U03 trial demonstrated improved progression-free survival with a novel HIF-2α triplet regimen, and the LenCabo study supported the use of lenvatinib plus everolimus in later treatment lines. Conversely, the CALYPSO trial noted limited benefit when using empiric combinations without precise biomarker selection. In cisplatin-ineligible MIBC, the KEYNOTE-905/EV-303 trial demonstrated a significant survival benefit with perioperative enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab. Finally, emerging data from OPTIC RCC transcriptomic stratification and circulating markers like kidney-injury molecule type 1 and circulating tumor DNA strongly support a broader transition toward tailored therapy. Key Messages: Perioperative enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab offers a major survival benefit for cisplatin-ineligible bladder cancer patients. Overall, early-stage RCC benefits significantly from perioperative immunotherapy, while managing advanced disease requires a decisive shift away from empiric combinations and toward biomarker-driven treatment selection. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"395-402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}