Oncology Research and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Management of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Xin-Wen Zhang, Dirk Jäger, Stefanie Zschäbitz","doi":"10.1159/000546879","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Management of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has evolved significantly in the last years. Systemic treatment of clear cell RCC, the predominant subtype, is performed with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), anti-VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), HIF2α inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The application of ICI in early disease has raised new challenges regarding subsequent therapy strategies and management of new toxicities of immunotherapy-based combination therapies. Systemic treatment for non-clear cell RCC is challenging due to the lack of robust clinical evidence for effective treatment regimens. Recent phase-2 data also indicate a benefit of ICI-combination therapies for non-clear cell RCC. For oligometastatic or oligoprogressive diseases, local therapy with cytoreductive nephrectomy, metastasectomy or stereotactic radiation can be considered. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current treatment strategies for advanced RCC, including systemic therapies for both clear cell and non-clear cell subtypes, management of treatment-associated toxicities, and the role of local therapies.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Combination therapy for clear cell RCC is standard in first-line therapy and published data also support its use in non-clear cell carcinoma. Local therapies can be considered in selected patients. In subsequent treatment lines TKIs, mTOR inhibitors and the HIF2α inhibitor belzutifan are used.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Advanced Germ Cell Tumours.","authors":"Fabrizio Di Costanzo, Pasquale Rescigno, Christoph Seidel, Thomas Morrall, Pedro Oliveira, Marcus Hentrich, Christoph Oing","doi":"10.1159/000546798","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Male germ cell tumours are an exemplar of a highly curably malignancy and represent the most frequent solid malignancy among men under the age of 40. The majority of cases are detected while the tumour is confined to the testicle where cure rates exceed 99%. Even in cases of metastatic disease expansion, cure rates remain extraordinary compared to other malignancies, owing to the unique sensitivity of most germ cell tumour components to cisplatin-based chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The treatment of metastatic germ cell tumours is adapted to (i) primary histology (seminoma versus non-seminoma or mixed germ cell tumour), (ii) disease spread (clinical stage IIA/B versus IIC/III), and (iii) clinical risk according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group classification. Across all metastatic stages, the combination of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin is most commonly used. In non-seminomas, post-chemotherapy residual mass resection is the second cornerstone of treatment. Among patients who relapse after first-line chemotherapy, platinum-based conventional dose or high-dose chemotherapy regimens can still achieve cure in 50% of patients. Outcomes for patients with multiple relapses, however, remain dissatisfactory and novel treatment approaches are urgently needed. High cure rates demand cautious consideration of possible long-term side effects. Novel strategies are being explored to mitigate the risk of long-term morbidity without lowering the outstanding cure rates.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>(i) Advanced germ cell tumours are highly curable with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy and often surgical post-chemotherapy residual mass resection. (ii) Novel de-escalation strategies and survivorship programs aim to mitigate the risk of long-term treatment side effects. A lack of effective molecularly targeted treatment approaches pinpoints the need for novel treatments for multiply relapsed, platinum-resistant disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Current Assessment of the Use of Complementary Medicine in German Cancer Patients: The CONKO 022 Investigation.","authors":"Tobias Bleumer, Janine Abel, Lilian Bodden, Miriam Ortiz, Sebastian Stintzing, Uwe Pelzer, Lars Uwe Stephan","doi":"10.1159/000546767","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Approximately 50% of cancer patients use practices of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). However, some of these methods may interact with oncological medication. Despite the generally increasing use of CAM in recent years, its prevalence has been studied insufficiently among cancer patients in Germany. Thus, this study aimed to assess the recent use of CAM among cancer patients, evaluate communication on CAM between patients and healthcare providers, and present an overview of the most frequently used practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using a standardized questionnaire including 19 CAM methods as well as sociodemographic and clinical parameters. Also, aspects of communication and quality of life were assessed. Patients were surveyed between September 2022 and June 2023, involving various entities such as breast cancer, lymphoma, and gastrointestinal malignancies. Data analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test and one-factor ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 154 patients (65.5% female) were included. 88.3% of patients reported use of CAM practices either before receiving their oncological diagnosis or after or both. Out of all patients, 62.3% of patients stated to have begun using at least one CAM practice post-diagnosis. 36.6% of all patients reported to have received information on potential drug interactions by their attending physician, while 60.8% informed their physician about their use of CAM. The most frequently used CAM methods were dietary supplements, massage therapy, and yoga. Overall, female patients reported use of CAM significantly more often than males.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Use of CAM methods appears to be common in this sample of cancer patients. To mitigate risks associated with potential drug interactions, enhanced communication and education between patients and healthcare providers is essential. Integrating a standardized questionnaire on CAM methods into routine oncological care may improve patient safety and treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12215149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Adding Aromatherapy to Sound Intervention on Cardiovascular Parameters and Psychophysiological Measures in Cancer Patients: A Randomized Exploratory Trial.","authors":"Anna Lena Hohneck, Melissa Troia, Valentin Kolar, Simone Weingärtner, Kirsten Merx, Felicitas Sarodnick, Athanasios Mavratzas, Iris Burkholder, Gerhard Schumacher, Wolf-Karsten Hofmann, Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz","doi":"10.1159/000545932","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Integrative therapeutic approaches are able to improve psychophysiological outcomes in cancer patients. Whether additional beneficial effects can be achieved by combining aromatherapy to sound intervention is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty cancer patients were randomized (1:1) to either a 20-min sound intervention (\"sound only,\" classical music via headphones) or a sound intervention combined with aromatherapy (\"aroma\"). Cardiovascular parameters (measured with VascAssist2.0), visual analogue scales for emotional well-being, anxiety, stress, pain and sadness, and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory were assessed before and after intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sound only led to a significant reduction in the heart rate, while a trend for a lower heart rate was observed in the aroma group. Both pulse wave velocity (p = 0.04) and vascular resistance (p = 0.04) were reduced by sound only. Psychophysiological outcomes were improved by both interventions with a more pronounced but not significantly different effect on pain reduction by aroma (aroma p < 0.001; sound only p = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both interventions were able to improve psychophysiological outcomes. In terms of cardiovascular parameters, a sound intervention alone achieved greater but not significantly different results compared to aroma, while the addition of aromatherapy yielded no substantial additional effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Follow-Up Time of Anal Cancer Screening among Women Living with HIV at High Risk of Developing Anal Cancer.","authors":"Steven P Masiano, Tiffany L Green, Bassam Dahman, April D Kimmel","doi":"10.1159/000546717","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Screening for anal cancer can help in its secondary prevention. We examined follow-up time for anal cancer screening among high-risk women living with HIV (WLHIV) and whether it varies with the number of risk factors for developing anal cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study involving high-risk WLHIV under 65 enrolled in Medicaid for at least 2 years across 16 US states plus D.C. from 2009 to 2012. High risk was defined by a history of abnormal cervical test results or genital warts. Initial anal cancer screening was the first screening after a high-risk diagnosis, with results classified as normal or abnormal. Follow-up was until the next screening. Follow-up time was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the Cox Proportional Hazards model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our cohort included 4,340 high-risk WLHIV, mean (±SD) age 41.8 (±10.2) years. About 18% (763/4,340) had both risk factors, while 9% (374/4,340) had abnormal results on their initial anal cancer screening. The median time, or the time at which 50% of the cohort received follow-up screening, was 17.53 (95% CI = 16.13, 18.30) months overall. Follow-up screening was more common in women with both risk factors for developing anal cancer compared to those with one risk factor (median time: 10.13 [95% CI = 8.90, 11.47] vs. 19.56 [95% CI = 18.36, 21.40] months; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.53 [95% CI = 1.38, 1.68]). The follow-up was also more common in women with abnormal results on the initial screening compared to those with a normal result (median time: 7.00 [95% CI = 5.40, 9.23] vs. 18.91 [95% CI = 17.92, 20.12] months; aHR = 2.00 [95% CI = 1.76, 2.28]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Follow-up time for anal cancer screening in high-risk WLHIV was about 1.5 years but varied according to the risk of developing anal cancer. Future research should examine the guideline-concordance of follow-up screening time given the recently issued guidelines for anal cancer screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12215150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONKO-011/AIO-SUP-0115/ass.: Rivaroxaban Compared to Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Cancer Patients with Acute Venous Thromboembolism.","authors":"Marianne Sinn, Anja Lohneis, Omar Mohamed, Christoph Roderburg, Matthias Hellmann, Thomas Südhoff, Daniel C Christoph, Anett Krziwanie, Jürgen Heinz, Sabine Semrau, Anke Schlenska-Lange, Thomas J Ettrich, Ralf Ulrich Trappe, Jana Kaethe Striefler, Uwe Pelzer, Klaus-Dieter Wernecke, Hanno Riess","doi":"10.1159/000545976","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAT) is a frequent and medical relevant problem. Guidelines recommend treatment with low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) or direct oral factor-Xa inhibitors as rivaroxaban for ≥3 months. Patient's preference and convenience is an important factor to guide treatment decision and to support treatment adherence. No data are available so far about patient-reported outcome in CAT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CONKO-011/AIO-SUP-0115/ass. was an open-label, prospective, multicenter German phase III trial for cancer patients with newly diagnosed venous thromboembolism (VTE) randomized to rivaroxaban (Riva) or site-specific LMWH. Primary endpoint was patient-reported treatment satisfaction, measured by the Anti-Clot Treatment Scale (ACTS). The 12-item ACTS Burdens scale (primary endpoint after 4 weeks) and the 3-item ACTS Benefits scale were analyzed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Secondary endpoints included recurrent VTE, major/clinically relevant bleeding, safety, compliance, overall mortality at 3 and 6 months, quality of life measured by the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication II (TSQM II) and Spitzer Index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 03/2016 and 06/2019, 247 (123 Riva/124 LMWH) patients were randomized. Mean ACTS Burdens scores after 4 weeks were 52.8 versus 51.2 in favor of rivaroxaban (p = 0.019) with mean score differences ranging from 3.3 (week 8; p = 0.001) to 2.4 (week 12; p = 0.006). The treatment effect of ACTS burden was consistent over treatment time (p < 0.001). More patients on LMWH requested to stop study treatment preterm (19.4% versus 11.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oral treatment with rivaroxaban led to an improvement in patient-reported treatment satisfaction, particularly in reducing anticoagulation-related burden, resulting in less patient-requested treatment stops.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additional Immunotherapy to Standard of Care for Unresectable Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Wanfang Zhang, Shaojie Li, Ni Zhang, Linlin Bu, Qiuji Wu","doi":"10.1159/000546407","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The role of immunotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA HNSCC) remains uncertain, particularly in cases of unresectable LA HNSCC. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with unresectable LA HNSCC through a systematic review of the existing literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This meta-analysis followed a registered protocol on the INPLASY platform with the registration number INPLASY202510102. We systematically collected studies that compared the combination of immunotherapy and standard of care (SOC) with SOC alone for patients with unresectable LA HNSCC. Review Manager, Stata, and R software were employed to conduct single-group rate meta-analysis, pairwise meta-analysis, and Bayesian network meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A meta-analysis of fifteen eligible studies involving 3,055 patients revealed no significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) with the addition of immunotherapy. Specifically, in patients with human papilloma-positive (HPV+) LA HNSCC, the combination of pembrolizumab and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) resulted in 2-year PFS and OS rates of 93% and 97%, respectively. In contrast, LA HNSCC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy followed by sequential pembrolizumab exhibited 2-year PFS and OS rates of 89% and 94%, respectively. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that the combination of pembrolizumab and CCRT achieved a higher 2-year PFS rate compared to the combination of avelumab and CCRT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the addition of immunotherapy to SOC regimens did not result in a survival benefit, patients with HPV+ unresectable LA HNSCC may potentially derive benefit from immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Advanced Penile Cancer.","authors":"Ramona Stelmach, Patrizia Giannatempo, Nicola Nicolai, Xavier Garcia Del Muro","doi":"10.1159/000546246","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Penile cancer is a rare, aggressive malignancy, with incidence varying geographically. The primary risk factor is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Squamous cell carcinoma represents the most common histological subtype, accounting for around 95% of cases. For advanced penile carcinoma, prognosis remains poor with a 5-year survival rate of 16% in stage IV disease. Treatment is largely centred on palliative systemic therapy. This review provides an overview of the evidence on palliative systemic treatment for advanced penile cancer, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, as well as emerging treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the established first-line treatment for advanced penile cancer, but its efficacy is often limited and short-lived. Immune checkpoint inhibitors showed limited but promising efficacy in penile carcinoma, with some patients experiencing durable responses, particularly those with high tumour mutational burden, HPV positivity, or high PD-L1 expression, though further research is needed to identify predictive biomarkers for optimal patient selection. HPV vaccine-based therapies targeting HPV oncoproteins, adoptive T-cell therapies and agents like binatrafusp alfa are showing potential in HPV-associated cancers, though their role in penile cancer remains uncertain. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating potentially synergistic combination therapies, such as HPV vaccines with checkpoint inhibitors or immune therapies combined with chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the first-line treatment for advanced penile cancer, while immunotherapy and targeted therapies show promise but require further investigation. Enrolling patients in clinical trials and conducting early tumour molecular sequencing, if possible, are crucial for improving outcomes and identifying effective treatment targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Genomic Landscape of Gastrointestinal Cancers in Asia and the Middle East Using Comprehensive Circulating Tumor DNA Next-Generation Sequencing.","authors":"Manabu Muto, Yu Sunakawa, Nippun Sandhir, Yi Hsin Liang, Shaheenah Dawood, Nitesh Rohatgi, Ankur Bahl, Steve Olsen","doi":"10.1159/000545560","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gastrointestinal malignancies account for 25% of all cancer cases and 35% of cancer-related mortality. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can elucidate the genomic landscape of gastrointestinal cancers; tissue-based genotyping has traditionally been used, but liquid biopsy-based genotyping is a noninvasive alternative. Moreover, geographical variations in the genomic landscape of gastrointestinal cancers have not been fully elucidated. This retrospective study aimed to gain insight into the genomic landscape of patients with gastrointestinal cancers from the Asia and Middle East (AME) region using plasma-derived circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From routine clinical practice, 2,601 plasma samples were collected from 2,062 patients with gastrointestinal cancers in the AME region. NGS profiling was conducted using the Guardant360® assay. The frequency of biomarkers that can aid decision-making in cancer patients was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Single-nucleotide variants affected most commonly TP53 (70.4%), KRAS (44.0%), APC (25.7%), ATM (15.1%), and PIK3CA (12.3%). Copy number alterations were most often observed in EGFR (13.7%), CCNE1 (5.9%), PIK3CA (5.0%), MYC (4.7%), and FGFR1 (4.6%); fusions were detected in 1.6% of patients and most frequently affected FGFR2, RET, ALK, FGFR3, and NTRK1/3. In patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the most frequently observed clinically informative genomic biomarkers occurred in KRAS (G12C, 1.6%; all others, 67.1%), BRCA1/2 (4.1%), BRAF (V600X, 1.5%), and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) (1.0%). In patients with colorectal cancer, the most common clinically relevant alterations were KRAS (49.0%), BRAF (V600E, 7.6%), and NRAS (5.7%) mutations; ERBB2 amplifications (2.5%); and MSI-H (1.8%). In patients with biliary tract cancers, actionable alterations included IDH1 mutations (11.1%), ERBB2 amplifications (4.6%), FGFR2 fusions (2.0%), MSI-H (2.0%), and BRAF V600E (1.5%). In patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas, actionable alterations included ERBB2 amplifications (10.1%) and MSI-H (3.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data provide insight into the genomic landscape of patients with gastrointestinal cancers from the AME region using ctDNA analysis. These findings highlight the potential utility of liquid biopsy as a noninvasive tool for characterizing tumor genomic profiles and support its role in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer.","authors":"Thomas Hilser, Christopher Darr, Jens Bedke, Philipp Ivanyi, Niklas Klümper, Markus Eckstein, Katrin Schlack, Viktor Grünwald","doi":"10.1159/000545514","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a significant global health burden and shows consistent increase in incidence. The treatment landscape for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) has evolved, but significant challenges remain to prolong survival. The article is based on the content of the recent guidelines and a selective literature search.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>For many years in the past, cisplatin-based chemotherapy was the standard first-line therapy for eligible patients. But chemotherapy alone provides limited long-term benefit, and a large proportion of patients either progress rapidly or are ineligible for cisplatin due to comorbidities. This demonstrates the medical need and led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in the field of mUC treatment. More recently, the introduction of ADCs further enlarged the medical armamentarium in mUC patients and was further explored as combined regimens. The combination of enfortumab vedotin (EV) and pembrolizumab was superior to standard platin-based chemotherapy as did nivolumab plus gemcitabine with cisplatin, which permanently transformed the medical treatment landscape in mUC. Today, EV plus pembrolizumab is the first-line standard in treatment of therapeutic advanced or mUC. New options are also emerging, such as molecular therapies that target the fibroblast growth factor receptor. In the future, targeted therapy could also be used in the perioperative area.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>Today, EV combined with pembrolizumab sets a new standard of care in medical treatment of a/mUC patients. Compared to platinum-based therapy, EV plus pembrolizumab doubled the overall survival probability and reported a median OS of 31.5 months, which is a new hallmark of palliative medical treatment in this disease. This novel therapy in combination with molecular therapies, novel devices, and molecular markers offers a great opportunity for the next step in medical development in localized UC, and its clinical applicability is being investigated in ongoing studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19543,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}