Open Engineering最新文献_第5页

Testing the relationship between the technical condition of motorcycle shock absorbers determined on the diagnostic line and their characteristics 测试在诊断线上确定的摩托车减振器技术条件与其特性之间的关系

IF 1.7

Open Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/eng-2022-0435

Krzysztof Podosek, M. Jaśkiewicz, A. Zuska

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Manning coefficient for Dujila Canal, Wasit/-Iraq 瓦特/伊拉克杜吉拉运河曼宁系数的评估

IF 1.7

Open Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/eng-2022-0388

M. Shamkhi, Maryam Hussain Auad

引用次数: 0

Testing the way of driving a vehicle in real road conditions 测试车辆在真实路况下的驾驶方式

IF 1.7

Open Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/eng-2022-0413

M. Gruszczynski, R. Jurecki

引用次数: 0

Design and implementation of a frequency reconfigurable antenna using PIN switch for sub-6 GHz applications 基于PIN开关的频率可重构天线的设计与实现

Open Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/eng-2022-0453

Akram Jabbar Abdulhussein, Malik Jasim Farhan, Ghusoon M. Ali

{"title":"Design and implementation of a frequency reconfigurable antenna using PIN switch for sub-6 GHz applications","authors":"Akram Jabbar Abdulhussein, Malik Jasim Farhan, Ghusoon M. Ali","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0453","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The future of 5G New Radio development has many significant concerns. We present and investigate a frequency-reconfigurable antenna based on a PIN diode to overcome the working frequency band issue. The dimensions are 30 mm × 20 mm × 1.6 mm, built on material substrate (FR-4) with a relative permittivity of <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:msub> <m:mrow> <m:mi>ε</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">r</m:mi> </m:mrow> </m:msub> </m:math> {varepsilon }_{{rm{r}}} = 4.4. Two switches allow frequency reconfiguration in the antenna, giving us three operation modes. The design in mode 1 (SW1 = Off and SW2 = Off) covers a 4.6 GHz band. The proposed design in mode 2 resonated at 2.7 and 4.8 GHz (SW1 = On, SW2 = Off or SW1 = Off, SW2 = On), while the design in mode 3 operated at 3.6 GHz (SW1 = On, SW2 = On). Before fabrication, the proposed design is simulated by the Computer Simulation Technology microwave studio software. The presentation and discussion of the radiated pattern and S parameter demonstrate the practicability of the proposed design. The design module’s dimensions and performance are both precisely appropriate. The results indicate a good agreement between both simulation and experimental findings.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135507015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Depletion zones of groundwater resources in the Southwest Desert of Iraq 伊拉克西南沙漠地下水资源枯竭区

IF 1.7

Open Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/eng-2022-0421

M. Shlash, I. H. Obead

{"title":"Depletion zones of groundwater resources in the Southwest Desert of Iraq","authors":"M. Shlash, I. H. Obead","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0421","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aquifers offer a reliable supply of high-quality water, making groundwater significant in arid and semi-arid regions. Climate change is predicted to result in a decrease in rainfall and an increase in droughts. The prolonged drought severely devastated Iraq and is the main reason for the ongoing increase in groundwater consumption over the last decade. In this study, the stresses and depletion potentials of the Dammam confined aquifer, which extended along the Najaf and Muthanna governorates, are identified and analyzed. By using the Groundwater Modelling System (GMS v10.4) software, a numerical simulation of groundwater flow was used to study the Dammam aquifer system. The upper layer was modeled as unconfined, while the bottom layer was confined. The findings from the steady-state calibration indicate that the hydraulic conductivity (HK) within the study area varies between 1.47 to 20.0 m/day. Additionally, the recharging rate (RH) was estimated to be approximately 1.66 × 10−6 m/day. These parameters were utilized as the initial condition for conducting the transient analysis. Two operating scenarios were employed to perform unsteady simulations. The initial scenario involved the utilization of 89 production wells, while the second scenario included all 139 stand-by production wells, resulting in a total of 228 wells for the operational period from July 2021 to June 2022. The results of the first operation scenario showed that the drawdowns ranged from 0.4 to 5.8 m, whereas the second operation scenario showed that the drawdown increased from 1.0 to 22 m. The depletion rate in the groundwater static heads was measured by the percentage of relative difference. Hence, the depletion rate for the first scenario varied from 4.32 to 33.34%. On the other hand, the second scenario ranged from 7.45 to 33.34%.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44958716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

StarCrete: A starch-based biocomposite for off-world construction StarCrete:用于外星建筑的淀粉基生物复合材料

IF 1.7

Open Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/eng-2022-0390

A. Roberts, N. Scrutton

{"title":"StarCrete: A starch-based biocomposite for off-world construction","authors":"A. Roberts, N. Scrutton","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0390","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Robust and affordable technology capabilities are needed before a sustained human presence on the lunar and Martian surfaces can be established. A key challenge is the production of high-strength structural materials from in situ resources to provide spacious habitats with adequate radiation shielding. Ideally, the production of such materials will be achieved through relatively simple, low-energy processes that support other critical systems. Here, we demonstrate the use of ordinary starch as a binder for simulated extraterrestrial regolith to produce a high-strength biocomposite material, termed StarCrete. With this technique, surplus starch produced as food for inhabitants could be used for construction, integrating two critical systems and significantly simplifying the architecture needed to sustain early extraterrestrial colonies. After optimisation, lunar and Martian StarCrete achieved compressive strengths of 91.7 and 72.0 MPa, respectively, which is well within the domain of high-strength concrete (>42 MPa) and surpasses most other proposed technology solutions despite being a relatively low-energy process. The flexural strength of the lunar and Martian StarCrete, at 2.1 and 8.4 MPa, respectively, was also comparable to ordinary concrete (2.5–4.5 MPa). Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47740569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Probabilistic derivation of droplet velocity using quadrature method of moments 用矩交法概率推导液滴速度

IF 1.7

Open Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/eng-2022-0407

N. M. Jasim

{"title":"Probabilistic derivation of droplet velocity using quadrature method of moments","authors":"N. M. Jasim","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0407","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Accurately prediction of dispersion and polydispersity of droplet flow is not a trivial task due to the complex behavior of the droplet size distribution (DSD) and the strong state of the instantaneous velocity of a droplet on the shape and size of the droplet. Describing the distribution of sizes and velocities of droplets initially formed in sprays is an essential piece of information needed in spray modeling, which is used to define the initial state of the spray droplets in the downstream two-phase flow fields’ predictive computations. The predictive model for the droplet size and velocity distributions in sprays is formulated as the droplet’s velocity magnitude has a power–law relationship with the droplet in this study. The present model incorporates the deterministic and stochastic aspects of the spray formation process. The quadrature method of moments (QMOM) is applied to solve numerically the transport equations of the probability density function coupled with conserved source terms incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for the liquid phase. The sub-models are connected by different source terms signifying the liquid-gas interaction. Equations of transport for spray moments are derived from DSD, and closure is attained using a gamma distribution. The integer spray moments concerning the volume are used to construct the continuous distribution of QMOM. In contrast, the velocity moments are used to determine the droplet velocity as a constant function of the droplet diameter. The model is first applied to simulate a diesel spray tip penetration under nonreactive conditions with different droplet velocity profiles to validate the approach with experimental data. An additional case of a liquid nitrogen spray is applied to show the gamma distribution’s ability to describe spray drop size distribution. The model generally predicts reasonable agreement with the experimental for both cases.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41912067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancement of air conditioning system using direct evaporative cooling: Experimental and theoretical investigation 直接蒸发冷却空调系统的改进:实验与理论研究

IF 1.7

Open Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/eng-2022-0415

Rasha Hayder Hashim, S. Hammdi, A. Eidan

{"title":"Enhancement of air conditioning system using direct evaporative cooling: Experimental and theoretical investigation","authors":"Rasha Hayder Hashim, S. Hammdi, A. Eidan","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0415","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Air conditioners (ACs) are more commonly used nowadays in residential and commercial buildings to achieve thermal comfort in the summer season. Due to the high outside temperature, condenser pressure was highest and ultimately resulted in high electricity consumption. One of the ways to reduce the energy consumption of AC systems and increase cooling capacity is by reducing air temperature entering the condenser by using the evaporative cooling principle. This article presents an experimental and theoretical investigation of improving the performance of the conventional air conditioning unit supported by a direct evaporative cooling system to increase the cooling capacity and reduce the consumption of power in hot and dry climates. A window-type AC unit was implemented in the experiment where the AC system is modulated to provide a wide range of various weather conditions. The results show that using evaporative cooling assist enhanced the system to overcome the many challenges by which the refrigeration capacity was increased in the range of 10–20%. Also, the results show a decrease in outlet temperature by 6–10°C, and the power consumption was reduced by about 3%. MATLAB program was used to analyze different data that were obtained. The input parameters for this program are the inlet conditions such as the weather conditions of the located city, namely the outdoor dry temperature and the outdoor relative humidity. The effectiveness and cooling capacity were calculated based on the frontal air velocity and the inlet air temperature. A comparison between the experimental and theoretical work showed a good agreement, as the relative difference is less than 9%.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43740013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis and assessment of the human factor as a cause of occurrence of selected railway accidents and incidents 分析和评估人为因素作为选定的铁路事故和事件发生的原因

IF 1.7

Open Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/eng-2022-0398

Katarzyna Gawlak

{"title":"Analysis and assessment of the human factor as a cause of occurrence of selected railway accidents and incidents","authors":"Katarzyna Gawlak","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0398","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ensuring safety is the key factor in the development of rail transport. For this reason, the railway market is heavily regulated, including recording and analysis of railway accidents and incidents. The article presents analysis of 148 final reports of accidents and incidents that occurred in the year 2020 in the Polish railway network and whose direct cause was human factor. The analysis looks at the age and experience of railway employees, as well as analyses human error using the Human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS) model and included train drivers and infrastructure-related stuff. It is pointed out that the available publications are generally focused on signal passed at danger accidents and incidents, which relate to passing through a stop signal, or another stop location, most often caused by an error of the train driver. Therefore, these analyses ignore accidents and incidents related to an improperly prepared and protected route, e.g. failure to close the level crossings boom barriers or incorrectly placed junction point, which under minimally different circumstances could have led to a tragedy. The causes of such accidents and incidents are also related to the human factor and therefore should have been identified and classified. The article identifies weaknesses in the investigations, including the quality of the documentation prepared. Such documentation most often focuses on the factors and causes directly related to the site of the accident or incident, while neglecting the factors at the organisational level.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43839824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Identification and investigation of corrosion behavior of electroless composite coating on steel substrate 钢基体化学复合镀层腐蚀行为的鉴定与研究

Open Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/eng-2022-0472

Ahlam Hamid Jasim, Nabaa S. Radhi, Noor Emad Kareem, Zainab S. Al-Khafaji, Mayadah Falah

{"title":"Identification and investigation of corrosion behavior of electroless composite coating on steel substrate","authors":"Ahlam Hamid Jasim, Nabaa S. Radhi, Noor Emad Kareem, Zainab S. Al-Khafaji, Mayadah Falah","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0472","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Because it is essential to avoid toxicity and corrosion in order to enhance the steel components and their aesthetic magnitude used in our everyday life, there has been an increased interest in the electroless field, particularly with regard to the application of nickel-phosphor on steel substrates. In this work, electroless process by nickel low phosphor solution and added titania particles (10–30 µm) to amount of coating solution (0, 5, and 10 g/L) with different coating times (30 and 60 min). Then, many tests were conducted, involving coating thickness, surfaces roughness, hardness, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and linear polarization tests in salt solution that were carried out for substrate and coating layers. Hardness indicates that the mechanical characteristics of the applied coatings with incorporated (TiO 2 ) reinforcement were far more superior to its own matrix as well as noncomposite nickel coating. The polarization curves conducted by potentiodynamic technique for different coating layers with 3.5% NaCl a medium and find all data by computerize, which shows that the addition of TiO 2 extract improved the corrosion rate (67.58%) than uncoating specimen.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135783850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1