Open Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Exploitation of landfill gas <i>vs</i> refuse-derived fuel with landfill gas for electrical power generation in Basrah City/South of Iraq","authors":"Kifah M. Khudair, Ahmed Sagban Khudier, Mohammed Al-Tofan","doi":"10.1515/eng-2025-0133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2025-0133","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Municipal solid waste (MSW) decomposition in a landfill produces what is called “landfill gas” (LFG). LFG contains methane besides other gases. It can be utilized for energy generation and, thus, reduce its emission into the atmosphere and its adverse impact on global climate. Exploitation of LFG is critical for Basrah city, Iraq (one of the hottest spots in the world) to reduce its demand for non-renewable fuels. This study aims to compare the electrical power generation potential from MSW in Basrah city adopting two scenarios: (1) LFG and (2) refuse-derived fuel (RDF) with LFG. In the first scenario, all MSW components are dumped into the landfill and the LFG is converted to energy. However, in the second scenario, only the organic wastes are dumped into the landfill and the RDF components are incinerated. Thus, energy will be produced from both the LFG and RDF. For both scenarios, LandGEM software was used for quantifying the LFG. The study results showed that the annual rates of electrical energy generation by the first and second scenarios for the period between 2022 and 2035 varied in the ranges of 4.3–9.1 MW and 26.4–36.1 MW, respectively. Therefore, the application of RDF with LFG is the better choice for electrical power generation from MSW in Basrah city.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147922815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible light-boosted photodegradation activity of Ag–AgVO₃/Zn_0.5Mn_0.5Fe₂O₄ supported heterojunctions for effective degradation of organic contaminates","authors":"Nuralhuda Aladdin Jasim, Shahlaa Esmail Ebrahim, Saad H. Ammar","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0585","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the most important concerns in developing efficient heterojunction photocatalysts for the photodegradation of environmental contaminants is the enhancement and acceleration of photocarrier separation. In this study, novel nanocomposite photocatalysts of Ag–AgVO 3 nanorods grafted with Zn 0.5 Mn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 metal ferrites nanoparticles were developed by using facial hydrothermal and coprecipitation techniques for the effective photodegradation of Rhodamine B (Rh B) under visible light exposure. The fabricated materials were analyzed in detail using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), nitrogen adsorption/desorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), vibrating sample magnetometer, and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results showed an efficient contribution when compared to the earlier research. The TEM showed a hybrid of nanorods of supported composite with metal ferrite and Ag attached on the surface, consistent with field emission scanning electron microscopy and EDS results. The DRS expressed a lower band gap for supported nanocomposites (1.5 eV), which, arranged with PL, showed a lower recombination rate of supported nanocomposites. The surface properties showed that the supported hybrid might be as small as 45.42 nm or as large as 20.33 nm compared with others. When comparing the photocatalytic activity of pure AgVO 3 , Ag/AgVO 3 , and Zn 0.5 Mn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 photocatalysts, the performance of Ag–AgVO 3 /Zn 0.5 Mn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanocomposite photocatalyst was clearly superior (more than 99.9% degradation efficiency was achieved). The boosted activity the Ag–AgVO 3 /Zn 0.5 Mn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 photocatalyst system was justified by Z-system heterojunction induced by the plasmonic effect, and the suggested mechanism was investigated by quenching of reactive species by scavengers. The degradation performance was achieved under optimum conditions (pH = 2, 20 ppm of pollutant concentration, 120 mM of hydrogen peroxide, 1 g/L of catalysts dose). The results showed that after 240 min of visible irradiation resulted in the high (chemical oxygen demand) and (total organic carbon) reductions with a removal efficiency of (85) to (90%) for Rh B dye. The fabricated Ag–AgVO 3 /Zn 0.5 Mn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanocomposites were effective in the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/eng-2022-0585/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147918417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of adverse slope on performance of USBR II stilling basin","authors":"Layla Ali Mohammed Saleh, Saleh Issa Khassaf","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0469","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article focuses on the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) Type II stilling basin, which has chute blocks, an end dentated sill, and a flat floor. USBR provides general design criteria to contain the hydraulic jump within the stilling basin. The sequent depth ratio, energy dissipation ratio, and stilling basin dimensions of the hydraulic jump are changed when the bed slope of USBR II stilling basins is changed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of adverse slope on the performance of USBR II stilling basin in terms of sequent depth ratio and energy dissipation. Six discharges ranging from 8 to 33 lps were applied to the USBR II stilling basin with bed slopes ( S ) of −0.085, −0.055, −0.035, and 0. Results demonstrated that for Q = 13 and 8 lps, the basin performs better than other models with S = −0.085, increasing energy dissipation by about 10% compared to a typical basin due to the formation of a free hydraulic jump downstream dentated end sill. On the other hand, the floor downstream of the dentated end sill needs more protection against this free jump, and this case becomes economically expensive. In other cases, the downstream jump was submerged, resulting in a counterintuitive current and reverse roller based on the submerged ratio, reducing the effectiveness of the stilling basin. In addition, the modified design of the stilling basin resulted in a shorter effective length that included the hydraulic jump downstream spillway, thereby reducing internal friction. As a result, the standard USBR II with a flatbed is less expensive and more efficient than the adverse slope basin.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136258932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk management based on the best value approach and its application in conditions of the Czech Republic","authors":"P. Marvan, V. Hromádka, E. Vítková","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0438","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study focuses on the issue of the best value approach (BVA) method in the public procurement and on the European experience with the implementation of the BVA method, with a focus on the use of this method in the Czech Republic. The key topic here is the effort to manage the risks of the construction project already at the stage of preparation and tender for suppliers of construction works or services, namely, for public contracts evaluated through the BVA. The findings show that public procurement tenderers often misunderstand the concept of project risk as managerial, temporal, economic, or qualitative risk. Case studies show reserves and possibilities for improvement. The goal of the study is to provide a framework for understanding and explaining the principles and methods of evaluating a qualitative criterion in the form of the risk assessment plan.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47740741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human factors in aviation: Fatigue management in ramp workers","authors":"Carlota Morais, J. Ribeiro, Jorge Silva","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0411","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although over the years, technical systems (equipment) have been evolving, most of the occurrences in the aviation industry, namely in the ground-handling area, are related to human error, constituting a neglected topic in aviation safety. Since one works 24 h a day and 7 days a week in the aviation industry, the shift work system is the most viable and (only) option to solve this problem, making fatigue an important and quite significant safety issue. Currently, the performance and alertness of ramp workers continue to be negatively affected by fatigue, increasing the risk of accidents/incidents. In this sense, the overall objective of this study was to establish and propose a first attempt to develop a Fatigue Management System, designed to prevent ramp workers from performing their tasks when fatigued and to take appropriate mitigation actions to minimize the consequences of fatigue caused by shift work. Despite not being exhaustive, this approach may also provide good guidance for future research in this field since fatigue is not associated with sleep disorders only.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49289941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of CBR of gypsum subgrade soil by cement kiln dust and granulated blast-furnace slag","authors":"Asaad Mohammed Baqir Al-Gharrawi, Tawfek Sheer Ali, A. K. Alzerjawi, M. K. Fakhraldin, H. A. Abdul-Husain","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0397","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most construction projects face the problem of a high percentage of gypsum in the soil. To get rid of the unwanted effects of gypsum, which lead to the dissolution of gypsum in the presence of water and the settlement of the foundations of buildings and subsoil of roads, the researchers used several materials that can be added to the soil to improve its properties in resisting loads. This research presents a study of the effect of adding cement kiln dust (CKD) and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) on the California Bearing ratio (CBR) of gypsum sandy soil. The percentages of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% of additives by the weight of the soil sample were collected, and CBR tests were performed on dry and soaked samples. The main results showed that the ideal CKD ratio, which improves the CBR soil in a dry state, is 5% and in a soaked condition is 7.5%. Also, CBR in dry and soaked states increases slightly when the GGBS percentage increases reaching 10%. The use of GGBS gives an increment in CBR, which is around 1.6 times in a dry condition and 4 times in a soaked state.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43573245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dislocated time sequences – deep neural network for broken bearing diagnosis","authors":"Pramudyana Agus Harlianto, T. B. Adji, N. A. Setiawan","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0402","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the serious components to be maintained in rotating machinery including induction motors is bearings. Broken bearing diagnosis is a vital activity in maintaining electrical machines. Researchers have explored the use of machine learning for diagnostic purposes, both shallow and deep architecture. This study experimentally explores the progress of dislocated time sequences–deep neural network (DTS–DNN) used to improve multi-class broken bearing diagnosis by using public data from Case Western Reserve University. Deep architectures can be utilized with the purpose of simplifying or avoiding any traditional feature extraction process. DNN is utilized for avoiding the pooling operation in Convolution neural network that could remove important information. The obtained results were compared with the present techniques. The examination resulted in 99.42% average accuracy which is higher than the present techniques.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43012744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design parameters and mechanical efficiency of jet wind turbine under high wind speed conditions","authors":"Abbas Waheed Dahham, Asylbek Zhumabekovich Kasenov, Mohammed Wahhab Aljibory, Mahmood Mohammed Hilal, Kairatolla Kayrollinovich Abishev, Mussina Zhanara Kereyovna, Nurbolat Sakenovich Sembayev, Hussein Waheed Dahham, Petr Olegovich Bykov, Adamov Abilmazhin Alirakhimovich","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0450","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Turbines are one of the most important means of producing clean energy, as they do not cause any negative emissions affecting the environment. Recently, the need to design turbines capable of facing strong winds has appeared because the currently designed turbines must be cut off in such circumstances. This study aims to find the best design parameters and investigate the efficiency of the jet turbine at high wind speed conditions. SolidWorks and MatLab are used to design and analyze small jet wind turbines. The design parameters were chosen to obtain the best efficiency. The turbine diameter is 0.5 m, and the short blade length helps withstand the generated stresses due to strong wind, especially fatigue stress, and resists bending. Blade pitch angle beta starts from 2° from the vertical axis at the hub and changes harmonically along the length to end at an angle of 88° at the blade’s tip to allow air to pass through and not form a wall. The blade number has chosen 15 blades, corresponding to the Betz limit, to obtain the maximum power coefficient. As a result, the assigned power was obtained at a wind speed of 28 m/s. At a lower wind speed, it will work with acceptable efficiency and more efficiently at higher speeds. Therefore, this turbine is suitable to use in such cases.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135401917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of varied waste concrete ratios on the mechanical properties of polymer concrete","authors":"Aliaa Rasheed, Shatha Sadiq, Aseel Shaaban","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0468","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polymer concrete (PC) was developed at the end of the 1950s and gained popularity in the 1970s for precast parts, flimsy floor coverings, and repairs. Due to its superior performance over traditional Portland cement concrete, which offers many benefits, including mechanical properties, quick hardening, and durability. In this article, polymeric concrete was made using a mixture of sand and epoxy, and different proportions of sand were replaced with crushed concrete waste. This study found that the ideal ratio between resin and fine aggregate was 23% resin to 77% fine aggregate in terms of the total weight of the combination to get the best dispersion of fine aggregate. Waste concrete replaced 5, 10, 15, and 20% of aggregate in PC, respectively. It was further demonstrated that increased waste concrete aggregate content in PC increased the 28-day compressive strength by 7.7, 13.44, 16.8, and 18.97%, respectively; flexural strength increased by 16.68, 25.32, 37.16, and 47.71% at 28 days’ age; and direct tensile strength was higher than the reference mixture by values of 3.41, 17.21, 23.54, and 30.38% at 28 days age. The findings recommended using recycled fine aggregate on PC and suggested a 20% replacement ratio as an optimum percentage.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":"99 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study to solve fractional initial value problems in discrete domain","authors":"Alaa Mohsin Abed, Hosein Jafari, Mohammed Sahib Mechee","doi":"10.1515/eng-2022-0480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0480","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, we used some methods to solve Riemann-type fractional difference equations. Firstly, we use a method that is a composite method based on the successive approximation method with the Sumudu transform. Secondly, we use a method that is a composite method that consists of the homotopic perturbation method with the Sumudu transform. It was found that the results obtained from these combined methods are identical when compared. We also provided theories and illustrative examples to support the research findings.","PeriodicalId":19512,"journal":{"name":"Open Engineering","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136302036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}