Optics and Laser Technology最新文献

{"title":"Porosity prediction in LPBF of AISI 316L stainless steel: Refined volumetric energy density and FEM simulation approach","authors":"Muhammad Arif Mahmood ,&nbsp;Kashif Ishfaq ,&nbsp;Mihai Oane ,&nbsp;Frank Liou","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porosity in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing significantly affects the mechanical properties and performance of produced parts. Traditional volumetric energy density (VED) model has limitations in accurately predicting porosity, as it does not account for material-specific properties and thermal dynamics. This study investigates a comparative analysis of porosity formation in LPBF of AISI 316L stainless steel through experiments, finite element (FE), and analytical models. In the case of analytical model, a modified VED (MVED) relationship is proposed, incorporating material properties and thermo-physical characteristics to address the shortcomings of conventional VED approaches. LPBF experiments were conducted to print the samples by varying process parameters, and X-ray computed tomography was utilized to characterize the porosity within the fabricated samples. FEM simulations were also conducted to predict thermal distributions, melt pool dimensions and corresponding porosity. It was found that the MVED analytical model demonstrated improved empirical correlation with experimental porosity compared to the traditional VED, with an R-squared value of 0.88 versus 0.75 for the traditional model. This improvement highlights the importance of considering material-specific properties in energy density calculations. FEM results showed good agreement with experimental observations of porosity trends across different processing conditions, accurately predicting thermal distributions and melt pool dimensions. The presented approach provides insights into porosity formation mechanisms and offers potential for optimizing LPBF processing parameters to minimize defects, while addressing the limitations of traditional VED models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 113015"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biologically inspired miniature compound eye camera for high-contrast and wide-FOV imaging of dynamic targets","authors":"Ming-Ze Zhao,&nbsp;Zhi-Yong Hu,&nbsp;Ran An,&nbsp;Yan-Hao Yu,&nbsp;Xue-Qing Liu,&nbsp;Zhen-Nan Tian,&nbsp;Qi-Dai Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Miniature cameras, with compact size and light weight, hold significant promise in micro-visual applications. However, spatial constraints of traditional microlenses limit wide field-of-view (FOV) imaging with minimal aberrations. Inspired by insect compound eyes (CEs), we present an optoelectronic-integrated micro-CE camera that replaces conventional composite lens with a micro-curved CE, achieving high-contrast, wide-FOV, and low-aberration imaging. Notably, the defocusing issue in integrating curved CEs with planar-detectors is resolved through non-uniform sub-eye focal lengths, enhancing imaging clarity and contrast. As a proof of concept, a 19-eye curved CE, sized in hundreds of microns, was fabricated using femtosecond laser 3D printing, exhibiting excellent surface morphology matching the intended design and an average imaging contrast above 0.95 for both bright-field and dark-field masks. Moreover, the CE lens can be directly integrated onto a commercial CMOS chip without additional alignment or assembly. Our micro-CE camera, weighing less than 250 mg, demonstrated dynamic target detection within a 90° FOV, highlighting strong potential for medical endoscopy and micro-robot vision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 113008"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerance desensitization of long-wave infrared systems based on deep learning","authors":"Jiang Ying ,&nbsp;Yuxing Lyu ,&nbsp;Kai Hu ,&nbsp;Junhua Wang ,&nbsp;Hongming Wang ,&nbsp;Tengfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Shubo Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manufacturing and assembly tolerances degrade the imaging quality of optical systems, and image processing techniques can alleviate this effect, thereby reducing manufacturing and assembly requirements and costs. This paper presents an end-to-end optical system image quality enhancement methodology designed to reduce the impact of tolerances on imaging quality. The methodology is developed by constructing the Point Spread Functions (PSFs) grid to generate the simulated image dataset and trained using Generative Adversarial Network to improve imaging quality and reduce the system’s manufacturing and assembly requirements. Both simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 112990"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining spot image denoising network and Hungarian matching algorithm: Achieving high-precision measurement of aspherical morphology","authors":"Meiyun Chen ,&nbsp;Huawen Zheng ,&nbsp;Haima Yang ,&nbsp;Wenchao Ding ,&nbsp;Dawei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The three-dimensional surface morphology measurement of aspherical lenses holds significant importance in the field of optical metrology. This study addresses two major challenges faced by a self-developed Multi-Beam Angle Sensor (MBAS) when inspecting aspherical optical elements: complex background noise interference and sub-spot deviation from the detection range. To overcome these challenges, a solution combining a Spot Image Denoising and Restoration Network (SIDRNet) with the Hungarian matching algorithm is proposed. SIDRNet processes spot images using denoising and restoration techniques, combined with a Gaussian fitting method for precise localization of spot centers. The Hungarian matching algorithm effectively expands the dynamic detection range of MBAS and enables rapid matching of each sub-spot. Experimental results demonstrate that this combined method can significantly remove noise interference, restore spot information, and accurately match each sub-spot, further enhancing the dynamic detection range of MBAS. When measuring aspherical lenses with different radii of curvature, the obtained standard deviation (STD) is as low as <span><math><mrow><mn>0.0026</mn><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 112970"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pulsed laser duty cycle on the macrostructure, microstructure and mechanical properties of TiN/Co-based cladding layers under the constant laser energy density","authors":"Zheng Gao ,&nbsp;Wei Chang ,&nbsp;Guangchun Xiao ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Jingjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingdong Yi ,&nbsp;Zhaoqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Chonghai Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the macrostructure, microstructure and mechanical properties of TiN/Co-based cladding layers were investigated for different pulse laser duty cycles (95 %-50 %) under a constant laser energy density (i.e., heat input). The results indicated that under a constant laser energy density, the aggregation and uplift of TiN in the cladding layer disappeared with a decrease in the pulse laser duty cycle. The thicknesses of the cladding layer and heat-affected zone increased with a reduction in the pulsed laser duty cycle, which is related to the depression zone of the molten pool during laser irradiation. At 65 % of the pulsed laser duty cycle, TiN particles in the cladding layer were most finely and uniformly distributed, with an average grain size of 0.27 μm, forming a uniform white dendritic and WC-TiN core–shell structure. The mechanical properties of the cladding layer improved and then deteriorated as the pulsed laser duty cycle decreased. When the pulsed laser duty cycle was 65 %, the mechanical properties were optimal, with an average hardness, wear volume, and friction coefficient of 779.0 HV_0.2, 0.84 × 10⁷ μm³, and 0.34, respectively. Compared with a pulsed laser duty cycle of 95 %, the average hardness increased by 33.6 %, and the wear volume and friction coefficient were reduced by 40.0 % and 22.7 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 112993"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the rigid preparation method of flexible micro coils for flexible self powered electrical devices using laser cutting technology","authors":"Wencheng Li,&nbsp;Huifang Liu,&nbsp;Yufei Lu,&nbsp;Xiaoge Yin,&nbsp;Quan Liang,&nbsp;Teng Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increase of miniaturization degree, integration degree and application environment requirements of electronic devices, the research on flexible electronic devices becomes extremely urgent. Flexible self-powered devices with good environmental adaptability, continuous energy supply, high mechanical and deformation stability, and environmental friendliness are considered as promising alternatives to conventional batteries. And the preparation of stable and high-performance flexible coils applied to flexible self-powered devices is a great challenge. Herein, a numerical simulation and processing method based on laser cutting technology for the rigid preparation of flexible coils is proposed for magnetostrictive flexible self-powered devices. Three different laser cutting models were set up to analyze the effects of key process parameters. Influence patterns of key process parameters were analyzed. When the laser pulse frequencies are 30 kHz-40 kHz, the laser cutting speeds are 300 mm/s-500 mm/s and the processing times are 6 times-8 times, coils have excellent morphology. Orthogonal experiments were designed to analyze the effects of three process parameters, including laser pulse frequency, laser cutting speed and number of processing times on three process responses including kerf width, kerf roughness, and depth of cut. The significance of the effects and the optimal parameter values (Lp = 40 kHz, Ls = 161 mm/s, P = 6times) were obtained by ANOVA and quadratic regression modeling of the parameters fitted to 90 groups of independent experiments. Rigid preparation combined with flexible transfer has completed the preparation of single-layer flexible coils. Results of bending deformation stability test of the flexible coil show that the resistance value of the coil remained stable after 2000 times of bending test. Double-layer flexible coils were prepared for electrical signal acceptance testing. The flexible coils in the magnetostrictive flexible self-powered device have excellent reception of electrical signals at different vibration frequencies. The results show the wide potential of the prepared flexible coils for application in flexible self-powered applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 112991"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) gas sensor using phase change material and black phosphorus for non-invasive diagnosis of lung and liver diseases","authors":"Trideep Deb ,&nbsp;Puspa Devi Pukhrambam ,&nbsp;Abinash Panda ,&nbsp;Ghanshyam Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present research focuses on designing and modeling a novel bimetallic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for non-invasive detection of lung and liver diseases by analyzing the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the exhaled breath. The proposed SPR sensor is designed with NaF prism/Ag/Au/ Ge₂Sb₂Te₅/BP/Sensing medium layer-by-layer arrangements. The finite element method (FEM) integrated COMSOL Multiphysics software tool is used to model the sensor and analyze the angular reflectivity. The thickness of different layers and the number of layers are carefully optimized to achieve high performance. The cornerstone of this research is to study the shift in the resonance angle by infiltrating different concentrations of VOCs in the sensing medium. Simulation outcomes revealed that the bimetallic sensor with an amorphous phase of GST and 18 BP layers bestows maximum performance. It is perceived that the proposed gas sensor accomplished a noteworthy sensitivity of 150⁰/RIU and 163.63⁰/RIU for detecting lung and liver diseases, respectively, which proves its potential application in the biomedical industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 112959"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on magnetically controlled laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation sapphire","authors":"Qiuling Wen,&nbsp;Shaojie Yang,&nbsp;Jinhong Chen,&nbsp;Feng Jiang,&nbsp;Xizhao Lu,&nbsp;Yangli Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation (LIPAA) of transparent hard and brittle materials presents distinctive advantages but is challenged by uncontrollable plasma. This paper examines the effects of both transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields on the LIPAA etching process of sapphire. The results indicate that the application of a transverse magnetic field significantly restricts plasma movement, leading to a 21.8 % decrease in spatter range and a 10.3 % increase in etching depth. Conversely, the longitudinal magnetic field causes the plasma to diverge, resulting in a wider sputtering distribution, and a decline in etching depth by 32.5 %. To explain the above experimental phenomena, the influence of the magnetic fields on laser-induced plasma was analyzed both experimentally and theoretically. Lastly, the study explored the impact of a magnetic field on the wettability of sapphire microgroove arrays. The findings indicated that the transverse magnetic field had a minor effect on the contact angle of the sapphire microgroove arrays. In contrast, the longitudinal magnetic field markedly decreased the contact angle from 81° to 24°, resulting in a substantial enhancement in the hydrophilicity of the microgroove arrays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 112992"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser bending of wood veneers: Phenomenological and machine-learning approaches case study","authors":"Jorge A. Ramos-Grez ,&nbsp;Iván La Fé-Perdomo ,&nbsp;Sergio Calvo-Sofia","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wood is a versatile, noble, and renewable material that plays a pivotal role in sustainable manufacturing. This study demonstrates the feasibility of laser bending veneers from various wood species by applying infrared energy via a scanned laser beam. The bending height, defined as the vertical deflection of veneer edges from the horizontal plane, was evaluated for three wood types: beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>), yesquero (<em>Cariniana ianeirensis</em>), and ulmo (<em>Eucryphia cordifolia</em>). Key parameters influencing the response variable included laser energy, moisture content, water loss, density, and wood species. Experimental results revealed that veneers measuring 15 cm in length, 3.5 cm in width, and 1.5 mm in thickness achieved bending heights ranging from 0.35 cm (beech) to 4.8 cm (yesquero). The maximum average bending height of 4.45 cm was observed in beech veneers at an equilibrium moisture content of 13% under maximum laser energy of 1061 J. Ulmo specimens, oven-dried for 72 h at 40 °C, demonstrated a significant average deflection height of up to 3.1 cm. These findings reaffirm that fiber contraction is influenced not only by free water loss but also by cell-wall-bound water loss during laser interaction, contributing to shrinkage. Additionally, volume contraction induced by molecular entropy increase due to localized temperature elevation was observed. A machine learning analysis of the experimental data identified Gaussian Process Regression as the most effective algorithm for predicting the response variable, yielding the highest correlation coefficient and lowest RMSE. Moisture content was found to account for approximately 45% of the model’s predictability, followed by laser energy (35%) and water loss (both free and bound).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 112925"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced subpixel sensitivity in 3D-DIC via Spline-Based correlation map interpolation for vibration measurements","authors":"P. Neri,&nbsp;A. Paoli,&nbsp;A.V. Razionale,&nbsp;S. Barone","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is a well-established technique that has recently gained interest in the field of vibration measurements. As vibration frequency increases, the displacement amplitude decreases, determining the need for extremely high subpixel measurement sensitivity. This work introduces a novel algorithm that exploits a spline-based approach to interpolate the integer-valued correlation map and enhance subpixel sensitivity. The approach allows for the calibration of the fitting procedure with respect to the local features of the speckle pattern, which is characterized by the reference image, improving the measurement’s signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed procedure is compared with conventional approaches, which are based on polynomial fitting of the correlation map instead. Additionally, two different strategies are discussed to compute the integer-valued correlation map, i.e. pixel domain convolution and spatial-frequency domain convolution. The algorithms’ performance is assessed in terms of temporal and spatial signal-to-noise ratio using synthetic and experimental datasets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 112958"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}