Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Model Predicting Malignant Potential of Adnexal Masses in Areas with Scarcity of Ultrasound Resources.","authors":"Guangxia Cui, Yu Guo, Wenpei Bai","doi":"10.1159/000542952","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Appropriately stratifying the risk of adnexal masses is of great importance. Many diagnostic algorithms have been devised, most of which rely on ultrasound features. However, some remote areas lack trained sonographers. This study aimed to develop an alternative model to distinguish between malignant and benign adnexal masses in resource-constrained settings using clinical information rather than ultrasound data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included women diagnosed with an adnexal tumor and scheduled for surgery between 2020 and 2023. Participants were divided into two groups based on histopathology reports: those with malignant adnexal masses and those with benign ones. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of adnexal mass malignancy. The training set yielded a nomogram model, which was then validated in the validation set. The model's effectiveness was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration, and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA) curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We randomly assigned 550 participants to the training and the validation sets in an 8:2 ratio. Logistic regression analyses identified age (OR = 1.044, p = 0.003), abdominal distension (OR = 0.139, p < 0.001), serum CA125 (OR = 1.007, p < 0.001), and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (OR = 1.291, p = 0.004) as independent risk factors for predicting malignant adnexal tumors. A nomogram was constructed using these factors. The ROC curve showed an area under the curve of 0.846 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.783, 0.908) in the training set and 0.817 (95% CI: 0.668, 0.966) in the validation set. The calibration curve showed good consistency between model predictions and actual outcomes. The DCA curve demonstrated a considerable clinical advantage afforded by the model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The logistic regression model can aid gynecologists - particularly those in areas with limited access to skilled sonographers - in identifying patients at high risk and implementing appropriate management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjuvant Sequential Chemotherapy for Salivary Duct Carcinomas: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis.","authors":"Younghac Kim, Nayeon Choi, Eun-Hye Kim, Man Ki Chung, Young-Ik Son, Dongryul Oh, Yong Chan Ahn, Se-Hoon Lee, Hyun Ae Jung, Sehhoon Park, Jinyong Kim, Han-Sin Jeong, Myung-Ju Ahn","doi":"10.1159/000543281","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to report the efficacy and safety of adjuvant sequential chemotherapy after definitive treatment of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) compared with the standard treatment alone (surgery with postoperative radiation therapy).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study of pathologically confirmed 135 SDC patients (study period 2009 to 2022). After curative surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy, 55 of 135 patients decided to receive additional chemotherapy (OP + RT + chemo group), while 80 opted for surgery and radiation (OP + RT group). Treatment outcomes of overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were compared using a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of three cycles of cisplatin-based regimen, which was well tolerated in most patients with minimal adverse events. Multivariable analyses indicated that the addition of chemotherapy did not improve OS (p = 0.05), DFS (p = 0.386), and DMFS (p = 0.735), although there was a trend toward favoring adjuvant chemotherapy in terms of OS. With PSM analysis, OS (OP + RT + chemo to OP + RT, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.12-1.29, p = 0.126), DFS (HR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.30-1.56, p = 0.367), and DMFS (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.46-1.99, p = 0.903) were not statistically different.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy did not significantly improve treatment outcomes of SDC patients over the surgery and adjuvant radiation. Further development or clinical studies are required to improve the outcomes of SDC, including chemotherapeutic, biomarkers, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Efficacy of Nal-IRI+5FU/LV and S-1 in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Refractory to Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel.","authors":"Kazuhisa Yamaguchi, Yoshinori Kikuchi, Yusuke Kimura, Susumu Iwasaki, Kensuke Takuma, Naoki Okano, Takahisa Matsuda","doi":"10.1159/000543027","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) + 5-fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) is the new standard second-line therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (PC). Tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium (S-1) have been used in advanced PC after gemcitabine (GEM) plus nab-paclitaxel treatment, but the clinical difference between nal-IRI+5-FU/LV and S-1 remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively compared the efficacy and safety of nal-IRI+5-FU/LV and S-1 in patients with advanced PC refractory to GEM plus nab-paclitaxel. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed patients with advanced PC who were refractory to GEM plus nab-paclitaxel from May 2015 to January 2022 at our hospital. Twelve patients treated with nal-IRI+5-FU/LV and 51 patients treated with S-1 were included in this study. Comparing the nal-IRI+5-FU/LV and S-1 groups, the median PFS was 2.95 months versus 2.10 months (p = 0.658), respectively, and the median OS was 8.51 months versus 5.83 months (p = 0.763), respectively. The ORR and DCR were 8.3% and 2.0% (p = 0.347) and 58.3% and 49.0% (p = 0.750) for the nal-IRI+5-FU/LV and S-1 groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in adverse events between the two groups. In a subgroup analysis, patients under 65 years of age treated with S-1 had a significantly better median OS (HR, 3.46; 95% CI: 1.02-11.71, p = 0.046).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nal-IRI+5-FU/LV and S-1 were equally effective and safe as second-line therapy for PC. However, the results suggest that S1 is an option for younger patients, especially those under 65 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Mechanism of Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim in the Treatment of Liver Cancer through Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Validation.","authors":"Nan Wang, Liwen Tang, Ronghui Duan, Yuhong Shu","doi":"10.1159/000542990","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim (HMM), a Chinese traditional medicine, exerts antitumor effects and has been extensively studied for its potential to treat cancer in recent years. Clinical research has shown that HMM can control hepatocellular cancer, but the exact molecular mechanism is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To identify the principal bioactive constituents of HMM and their corresponding targets, we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Second, the Cytoscape software was utilized to delineate the relationships among drugs, active components, targets, and illnesses. Gene ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis using the clusterProfiler tools on the DAVID platform and the Bioconductor package in R. Molecular docking was performed on the PubChem database, whereas the AutoDock, and PyMOL software were utilized to explore the binding affinity of the primary targets and active molecules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses identified six key active constituents of HMM: quercetin, kaempferol, formononetin, isorhamnetin, calycosin, and 7-O-methylisomucronulatol. It was predicted that this herb can modulate the expression of several genes, including TP53, AKT1, MYC, CASP3, VEGFA, EGFR, HIF1A, ESR1, CCND1, and PTGS2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HMM has potential therapeutic effects on the liver cancer. This study provides important insights regarding the methods for investigating HMM in the treatment of hepatocellular cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting High-Risk Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma: The Power of Plasma Cell-Related Genes.","authors":"Jiameng Gao, Xianqiang Zhou, Weibin Tian, Junyi Xia, Lei Wang, Yao Shen","doi":"10.1159/000543101","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543101","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;The incidence of lung cancer remains high worldwide and is still the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The primary reason for this is that the vast majority of patients are diagnosed only when the disease has progressed to an advanced stage or metastasized. Therefore, early diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial. Approximately 85% of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As a type of NSCLC, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is more prone to distant metastasis and has a poorer prognosis. It is often primarily treated with immunotherapy. Currently, immunotherapy mainly focuses on T cells. However, with the deepening of research, plasma cells, which have long been considered non-essential in anti-tumor responses, have been increasingly recognized for their critical role.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study integrates data from TCGA, Tumor Immune Single-Cell Hub 2 (TISCH), and 10X databases, focusing on plasma cells. Through clustering analysis and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis, it aimed to establish a predictive model for high-risk LUAD patients and further explore the relationship between the risk model and immune cells, with the goal of providing potential predictions for the efficacy of immunotherapy for patients. Additionally, we conducted drug sensitivity analysis and immune checkpoint analysis to identify drugs with potential benefits for the clinical management of high-risk patients. At the same time, we performed further immune checkpoint analysis to identify potential therapeutic targets for LUAD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;By integrating the TCGA, TISCH, and 10X databases and focusing on plasma cells through clustering analysis and LASSO regression analysis, we established a predictive model for high-risk LUAD patients involving four feature genes: BEX5, CASP10, EPSTI1, and LY9. The ROC and results demonstrate that our model has strong predictive performance. Additionally, we found that the risk model is closely related to immune cells, providing the potential for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy for patients. Subsequently, we conducted drug sensitivity analysis and immune checkpoint analysis, revealing that the majority of drugs are more sensitive to low-risk patients, while ABT-888, AS601245, and CCT007093 may have greater potential clinical benefits for high-risk patients. Immune checkpoint analysis showed significant differences in the expression of ADORA2A, BTLA, CD276, CD27, CD28, CD40LG, CD48, and TNFRSF14 between high-risk and low-risk patient groups, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets for LUAD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;We constructed a risk assessment model for LUAD patients based on these genes. This model achieved breakthroughs in predicting the prognosis of LUAD patients with different risk levels and identifying potential immune targets, which were validated in the TCGA-LUAD clinical ","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative Palbociclib Dosing Schedules for Hormone Receptor-Positive and HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer.","authors":"Makiko Go, Michio Kimura, Shiori Yamada, Keitaro Kamei, Yoshinori Noguchi, Eiseki Usami, Tomoaki Yoshimura","doi":"10.1159/000542991","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor palbociclib is associated with a high incidence of neutropenia. Treatment continuation using the standard dosing schedule (3 consecutive weeks of oral administration followed by 1-week off-treatment: 3/1 schedule) can be difficult, and other dosing schedules have been previously adopted. We aimed to investigate whether alternative dosing schedules can be used effectively to continue palbociclib.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included all patients who received palbociclib for hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer (HR+/HER2-MBC) at Ogaki Municipal Hospital between January 2018 and November 2023. Reasons for treatment discontinuation, changes in treatment administration, treatment duration, relative dose intensity (RDI), overall response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and adverse events were retrospectively investigated using electronic medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On November 30, 2023 (a data censor date), patients who discontinued or continued palbociclib on the 3/1 schedule were classified into the 3/1 schedule group (n = 20), and those who started a 3/1 schedule (partly on a 2/2 schedule) and then switched to the 3/2 schedule (3 consecutive weeks of oral administration followed by 2-week off-treatment) or the 2/2 schedule (2 consecutive weeks of oral administration followed by 2-week off-treatment) were classified into the 3/2 (n = 10) or 2/2 schedule groups (n = 18), respectively. For the 3/1, 3/2, and 2/2 schedule groups, respectively, the median treatment duration was 255.5, 1,253.0, and 923.0 days (p = 0.0013), the median RDI (%) was 71.0%, 69.2%, and 40.8% (p < 0.001), and the ORR was 15.0%, 80.0%, and 50.0% (p = 0.002), while the CBR was 55.0%, 100%, and 72.2% (p = 0.028).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dosing schedules other than the standard 3/1 schedule can be used to continue palbociclib with HR+/HER2-MBC while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Alternative dosing schedules look promising and need further research (preferably, prospective studies) with a larger sample size and longer follow-up to validate treatment efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of HCC Patients with Portal Vein Thrombosis: Albumin and Survival.","authors":"Brian Carr, Rossella Donghia, Sezai Yilmaz","doi":"10.1159/000542774","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Presence of macroscopic portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been found to be a major poor prognosis characteristic.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of the study was to examine patients with PVT for their clinical characteristics and factors related to both PVT and survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A large HCC database containing 1,094 patients with PVT and 2,513 patients without PVT was examined. Patients had routine baseline serum liver parameters and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels measured, as well as radiological assessment of maximum tumor diameter (MTD), tumor number, presence of macroscopic PVT, plus survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percent of patients with PVT increased with increase in both MTD and serum AFP levels and liver parameter levels were worse in patients with PVT than without it. A logistic regression model showed that the combination of MTD >5 cm plus AFP >100 IU/mL plus albumin <3.5 g/dL had an odds ratio of 10.988 for the presence of PVT. Normal serum albumin levels significantly reduced the hazard ratio for death in a Cox proportional hazard model and were associated with decreased liver failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Logistic regression showed the significance of MTD, AFP, and albumin in the presence of PVT, and the Cox model highlighted the importance of albumin levels in decreasing death.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142801929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Efficacy of a Triplet Antiemetic Regimen in Patients with Esophageal Cancer and Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Masahiro Hatori, Shota Fukuoka, Shunya Kimura, Kazuyoshi Kawakami, Kensei Yamaguchi, Masakazu Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1159/000543026","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cisplatin-based highly emetogenic chemotherapy is recommended in combination with neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, 5-hydroxytryptamine-3-receptor antagonist (5HT3RA), dexamethasone (DEX), and olanzapine. However, olanzapine is contraindicated in patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus (DM). This study compared the efficacy of a triplet antiemetic regimen (NK1RA, 5HT3RA, and DEX) in patients with and without preexisting DM treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study enrolled patients with esophageal cancer with and without preexisting DM who received fluorouracil and cisplatin (FP) combination chemotherapy as initial therapy with a triplet antiemetic regimen for antiemetic prophylaxis. These data were compared using propensity score matching (PSM). The primary endpoint was the complete response (CR) rate during the first cycle, which was defined as no emetic episodes and no rescue medication use during the overall period (0-120 h). The CR rate was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, including previously reported risk factors. The significance level was set at 5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 210 eligible patients, 39 and 39 were patients with DM and non-DM patients after PSM, respectively. The CR rate measured by multivariate analysis during the overall period with DM and non-DM was 56.4% and 41.0% (adjusted odds ratio of 0.566 [95% confidence intervals: 0.209-1.536], p = 0.264), respectively. The CR rate during the delayed period (24-120 h) with DM and non-DM patients was 84.6% and 46.2% (p = 0.002), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A triplet antiemetic regimen in patients with esophageal cancer with preexisting DM might be more effective in delayed period compared to non-DM patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival Outcomes of Durvalumab in Combination with Cisplatin and Gemcitabine in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: Real-World Results from a Single Italian Institution.","authors":"Margherita Rimini, Silvia Foti, Silvia Camera, Federico Rossari, Francesco Vitiello, Federica Lo Prinzi, Luca Aldrighetti, Francesco De Cobelli, Federica Pedica, Paolo Giorgio Arcidiacono, Mara Persano, Stefano Cascinu, Andrea Casadei-Gardini","doi":"10.1159/000541891","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The TOPAZ-1 phase III trial showed a survival benefit with durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). To understand this combination's real-world efficacy and tolerability, we conducted a retrospective analysis of its first-line treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included patients with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic BTC treated with cisplatin, gemcitabine, plus durvalumab. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three patients were enrolled. Median OS was NR and median progression free survival (PFS) was 7.6 months, after a median follow-up of 13.5 months. The investigator-assessed overall response rate was 34.5%, with stable disease in 53.0% of patients. High baseline CEA levels were associated with poor survival. Any grade adverse events (AEs) occurred in 97% of patients. Immune-related AEs (irAEs) occurred in 16% (grade >2: 6%). Presence of TP53 mutation was related to a worse OS; conversely the presence of ARID1A genomic alteration was related to a better PFS. A tendence toward a better OS was found for BRCAness patients which did not reach the statistical significance. On the other hand, BRCAness patients showed significantly higher PFS compared to no BRCAness patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This real-world analysis largely confirmed the TOPAZ-1 findings, supporting gemcitabine, cisplatin, and durvalumab as a first-line standard of care for patients with advanced BTC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Value of Artificial Intelligence-Based Pathology Diagnosis System in Lymphatic Metastasis of Gastric Cancer.","authors":"Tiantian Zhao, Qiong Wu, Chenglou Zhu, Hong Ma, Mingxu Da","doi":"10.1159/000542852","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with lymph node metastasis (LNM) being an independent prognostic factor. However, there are still challenges in the pathological diagnosis of LNM in GC. The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) in detecting LNM in GC from whole-slide pathological images.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As of March 24, 2024, a comprehensive search for studies on the pathological diagnosis of GC LNM AI was performed in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI. Meta-analysis of the included data was performed using Meta-DiSc 1.4, Review Manager 5.4, and Stata SE 17.0 software to calculate diagnostic metrics such as overall sensitivity and specificity. The overall diagnostic performance of the AI was assessed. Meta-regression analysis explored sources of heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7 articles involving 1,669 GC patients were included. The analysis showed that AI had a sensitivity of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84-0.94) and a specificity of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91-0.98) for the diagnosis of GC LNM, with significant heterogeneity across studies. The area under the curve was 0.97, indicating an excellent diagnostic value. Meta-regression analysis showed that the sample size and the number of study centers contributed to the heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI for diagnosing LNM in GC from whole-slide pathological images demonstrates high accuracy, offering significant clinical implications for improving diagnosis and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}