Oncology最新文献

{"title":"A Scoping Review of Population Diversity in the Common Genomic Aberrations of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Sean S Kumar,Ninad Khandekar,Komal Dani,Saina R Bhatt,Vinay Duddalwar,Anishka D'Souza","doi":"10.1159/000541370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541370","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONPrevious literature has shown that clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is becoming a more prevalent diagnosis and that the incidence and mortality differ both regionally and racially. While the molecular profiles for ccRCC are studied regionally through biopsy and sequencing techniques, the genomic landscape and ccRCC diversity data are not well-studied. We conducted a review of the known genomic data on 6 of the most clinically relevant DNA biomarkers in ccRCC: Von Hippel-Landau (vHL), Polybromo-1 (PBRM1), Breast Cancer Gene 1-Associated Protein 1 (BAP1), Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase Domain-Containing 2 (SETD2), Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), and Lysine-Specific Demethylase 5C (KDM5C). The review compiled genomic diversity data, incidence, and risk factor differences by geographical and racial cohorts.METHODSThe review methodology was created using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) principles from articles on PubMed and Embase through July 31, 2023, written and published in English, with diagnoses of primary or metastatic ccRCC via cytology or pathology, recorded the incidence of one or more of the 6 biomarkers, explored gene aberration via sequencing, were epidemiological in nature; and/or discussed basic science research, cohort studies, or retrospective studies.RESULTSAberrations in vHL, PBRM1, and SETD2 driving ccRCC are studied frequently, but the data is heterogenous; whereas, there is a paucity in the data regarding KDM5C, PBRM1, and mTOR mutations.CONCLUSIONStudying the genetic aberrations that frequently occur in different regions gives insight into what current research lacks. When more genomic landscape research arises, precision therapy, risk calculators, and artificial intelligence may help better prognosticate and individualize treatment for those at risk for ccRCC. Provided the scarcity of existing data, and the rising prevalence of ccRCC, more studies must be conducted at the clinical level.","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Index Including Age, Sex, hTERT, and Methylated RUNX3 Is Useful for Diagnosing Early Gastric Cancer.","authors":"Katsuhiko Nakamura, Yutaka Suehiro, Koichi Hamabe, Atsushi Goto, Shinichi Hashimoto, Yuki Kunimune, Akiyo Ishiguro, Naoko Okayama, Tomohiro Fujii, Yukiko Nakahara, Mitsuaki Nishioka, Shingo Higaki, Ikuei Fujii, Chieko Suzuki, Jun Nishikawa, Isao Sakaida, Taro Takami, Takahiro Yamasaki","doi":"10.1159/000541173","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is increasing in East Asia including Japan, a simple blood test for early GC is needed as an alternative to upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy. We performed this study to address this issue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected serum samples from 319 participants comprising 225 healthy subjects without GC (control group) and 94 patients with early GC (early GC group). After evaluating copy numbers of serum hTERT and methylated RUNX3 (m-RUNX3) using the Combined Restriction Digital PCR (CORD) assay, which we developed, we assessed the diagnostic performance of hTERT and m-RUNX3 for early GC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum levels of hTERT and m-RUNX3 were significantly higher in the early GC group than in the control group. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.89 for hTERT and 0.78 for m-RUNX3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed age, sex, hTERT copy number, and m-RUNX3 copy number to be independent factors for early GC. We then established a prediction formula and named it the ASTEm-R3 (age, sex, hTERT, and m-RUNX3) index. The AUC of the ASTEm-R3 index was 0.93 with a sensitivity of 79.7% and specificity of 91.1%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We demonstrated excellent performance of the ASTEm-R3 index using the CORD assay to detect early GC. This index might be a promising alternative to UGI endoscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Diagnostic Model for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Using Machine Learning and Blood-Based miRNAs.","authors":"Jason Y Tang, Valentina L Kouznetsova, Santosh Kesari, Igor F Tsigelny","doi":"10.1159/000540329","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the lowest survival rate among all major cancers due to a lack of symptoms in early stages, early detection tools, and optimal therapies for late-stage patients. Thus, effective and non-invasive diagnostic tests are greatly needed. Recently, circulating miRNAs have been reported to be altered in PDAC. They are promising biomarkers because of stability in the blood, ease of non-invasive detection, and convenient screening methods. This study aimed to use blood-based miRNA biomarkers and various analysis methods in the development of a machine-learning (ML) model for PDAC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood-based miRNAs associated with PDAC were collected from open sources. miRNA sequences, targeted genes, and involved pathways were used to construct a set of descriptors for an ML model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bioinformatics analysis revealed that most genes in pancreatic cancer and insulin signaling pathways were targeted by the PDAC-related miRNAs. The best-performing ML model with the Random Forest classifier was able to achieve an accuracy of 88.4%. Model evaluations of an independent PDAC-associated miRNAs test set had 100% accuracy while non-cancer miRNAs had 52.4% accuracy, indicating specificity to PDAC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest an ML model developed using blood-based miRNA biomarkers' target gene, pathway, and sequence features could be potentially implicated in PDAC diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of Assessing Early Tumor Shrinkage as an Efficacy Predictor in Patients with Non-Surgically Indicated or Recurrent Esophageal Cancer Treated with Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab.","authors":"Seiji Natsuki, Shigeru Lee, Hiroaki Kasashima, Yuichiro Miki, Tatsunari Fukuoka, Mami Yoshii, Tatsuro Tamura, Masatsune Shibutani, Takahiro Toyokawa, Hiroaki Tanaka, Maeda Kiyoshi","doi":"10.1159/000540851","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy has been administered as a first-line treatment in Japan since 2022 for patients with unresectable progressive or recurrent esophageal cancer. The efficacy and safety of this immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) doublet therapy are now being evaluated, and it is necessary to identify populations that benefit from this treatment at an early phase after initiation. For patients not showing early benefit, changing as soon as possible to other therapeutic strategies could improve their survival outcomes. Therefore, we attempted to identify decision-making factors such as early tumor shrinkage (ETS) based on treatment experience with ICI doublet therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 19 patients who received nivolumab plus ipilimumab for non-surgically indicated or recurrent esophageal cancer between July 2022 and November 2023. Tumors were assessed approximately every 2 months after treatment initiation. The effects of ETS, depth of response (DpR), and clinicopathologic features, including immune-related adverse events (irAEs), on progression-free and overall survival were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazard models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean duration of ICI doublet administration was 5.89 months (range, 1-16 months). At first evaluation, patients who exhibited no tumor progression &gt;20% indicated possible response to ICI doublet therapy, and patients whose tumors shrank even minimally exhibited favorable progression-free survival. Higher DpR at any cut-off line exhibited better progression-free survival than those with lower DpR. Fifteen patients experienced irAEs, with 13 of these patients experiencing irAEs within 3 months of treatment initiation. irAEs were associated with the efficacy of ICI doublet therapy, but efficacy could not be predicted based on early irAE experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ETS-high, DpR-high, and irAEs might be associated with favorable responses to nivolumab plus ipilimumab. As a predictor of efficacy at an early phase, ETS &gt;0% could be a deciding factor for continuing ICI doublet therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Expression in the Prognosis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Deeksheetha Prabhuvenkatesh, Pratibha Ramani, Monal B Yuwanati, Gheena Sukumaran","doi":"10.1159/000541004","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common mucosal neoplasm that affects the head and neck region. It is the 6th most common cancer globally, most commonly seen in South Asian countries. Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), like insulin receptor, is an adapter protein that integrates multiple transmembrane signals from growth factors and hormones, to regulate cell growth, survival, differentiation, and metabolism. Evidence suggests that IRS-1 plays a vital role in cancer progression and nodal metastasis. The aim was to assess the prognostic implications of the IRS-1 expression in HNSCC from evidence-based results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was done to identify articles describing IRS-1 and HNSCC carried out for PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, using MeSH terms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 486 cases of HNSCC were included in this systematic review. Out of 3 studies, increased/high expression of IRS-1 was 67%. 64% of the cases in stage I and stage II (TNM staging) showed higher expression of IRS-1, whereas 70% of stage III and stage IV cases showed upregulation of IRS-1. IRS-1 was equally upregulated in cases with lymph node metastasis as well as in cases without any lymph node metastasis. 74% of the patients who showed high expression of IRS-1 showed high mortality during the follow-up period of 13 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review concluded that elevated levels of IRS-1 expression were associated with poor prognosis and increased lymph node metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting an Increase in Spleen Volume and Association of Spleen Volume Variation with the Clinical Outcomes of Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Takeshi Hatanaka, Naoto Saito, Satoru Kakizaki, Atsushi Hiraoka, Toshifumi Tada, Kazuya Kariyama, Joji Tani, Koichi Takaguchi, Ei Itobayashi, Toru Ishikawa, Hidenori Toyoda, Kazuhito Kawata, Atsushi Naganuma, Yutaka Yata, Hideko Ohama, Tomomitsu Matono, Fujimasa Tada, Kazuhiro Nouso, Asahiro Morishita, Akemi Tsutsui, Takuya Nagano, Shinichiro Nakamura, Takashi Kumada","doi":"10.1159/000541002","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gastrointestinal varices rupture is considered to be prone to occur during atezolizumab and bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) treatment. This study aimed to investigate predictive factors affecting the increase in spleen volume (SpV) and the association of SpV variation with the clinical outcomes of Atez/Bev.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 164 HCC patients were included in this retrospective multicenter study. We measured SpV based on CT scans obtained before treatment and at evaluations. We used the inverse probability of treatment weight to address the imbalance between patient characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median pretreatment SpV was 184 (130-257) cm3 and the median SpV variation was 27 (9-60) cm3. An increase in the SpV was observed in 140 patients (85.4%). Age &lt;74 years (p = 0.03), mALBI grade 2b or 3 (p = 0.03), and pretreatment SpV ≥184 cm3 (p &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with increased SpV. There were no significant differences in progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) between patients with SpV variation &lt;25 cm3 and those with SpV variation ≥25 cm3 in the crude (p = 0.3 and 0.7) and IPTW-weighted cohorts (p = 0.08 and 0.8, respectively). Regarding pretreatment SpV, there were no significant differences in PFS or OS between patients with and without pretreatment spleen enlargement in the crude (both p = 0.3) and IPTW-weighted cohort (p = 0.6 and 0.3, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Caution is warranted to detect the aggravation of portal hypertension when administering Atez/Bev to young patients or patients with an impaired liver function or pretreatment spleen enlargement. The impact of spleen modulation by Atez/Bev appears to be limited on clinical efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Survival Outcomes and Risk Factors for Axillary and Locoregional Recurrence in Japanese Patients with Sentinel Node-Positive Breast Cancer Treated in Accordance with the ACOSOG Z0011 Strategy.","authors":"Yuri Oyama, Nobuyoshi Kittaka, Ayako Higuchi, Yusa Togashi, Azusa Taniguchi, Yukiko Seto, Ai Soma, Sungae Park, Jun Okuno, Noriyuki Watanabe, Saki Matsui, Mikiya Ishihara, Minako Nishio, Keiichiro Honma, Takahiro Nakayama","doi":"10.1159/000540363","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In 2018, we reported the results of a study to assess the feasibility of applying the ACOSOG Z0011 criteria to Japanese patients with early-stage breast cancer (median follow-up, 3 years). Their results over the longer term can now be presented. Risk factors for axillary and locoregional recurrence in Z0011-eligible patients are unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Long-term survival outcomes were investigated by analyzing data from patients enrolled in the feasibility study. Data from the feasibility study patients, and from patients eligible for the Z0011 strategy after its introduction into clinical practice, were subjected to multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for axillary and locoregional recurrence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regarding long-term outcomes for the feasibility study patients (n = 189), distant disease-free survival rates at 5 and 7 years were 90.4 ± 2.1% and 85.9 ± 2.6%, respectively, and overall survival rates at 5 and 7 years were 97.3 ± 1.2% and 95.3 ± 1.7%, respectively. Analysis of data from these patients plus the 93 who received Z0011 in clinical practice (total, n = 282) identified the following independent risk factors for axillary recurrence: absence of high axillary tangential irradiation (OR, 5.87 [95% CI, 1.09-31.35], p = 0.04) and number of positive sentinel lymph nodes (OR, 4.65 [95% CI, 1.11-19.48], p = 0.04). Only high Ki67 labeling index (OR, 5.92 [95% CI, 1.31-26.70], p = 0.02) was identified as an independent risk factor for locoregional recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Long-term survival outcome results of the feasibility study show that the Z0011 strategy can be used to treat Japanese patients with early-stage breast cancer. Our findings regarding risk factors suggest that high axillary tangent irradiation is necessary for the prevention of axillary recurrence and that irradiation, including of the regional lymph nodes, should be considered, especially in patients with high Ki67 index values.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and initial validation of neuroendocrine differentiation as a novel prognostic factor in stage II colorectal cancer patients.","authors":"Yu Liang, Yongmin Li, Rui Guo, Yan Zhao, Huanshuo Miao, Hong Chang, Yue Chen","doi":"10.1159/000540936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000540936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroendocrine differentiation is often found in colorectal cancer but its impact on prognosis remains controversial. This study explored the association between neuroendocrine differentiation and prognosis in stage II/III colorectal cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2012 and 2018, a total of 3,441 stage II/III colorectal cancer patients were included for analysis. To verify neuroendocrine differentiation, immunohistochemistry was performed to explore the expression of chromogranin A and synaptophysin in colorectal cancer. In addition, the difference in overall survival between groups was analyzed. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine the clinicopathological characteristics significantly correlated with survival, and a Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to identify factors independently affecting overall survival prognosis. Furthermore, the findings were validated by the Gene Expression Omnibus database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 3441 stage II/III colorectal cancer patients, in comparison to patients with neuroendocrine differentiation (+), patients with neuroendocrine differentiation (+) had a poorer prognosis (P = 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate survival analysis of stage II cases revealed that tumor differentiation (P = 0.018), nerve invasion (P &lt; 0.001) and neuroendocrine differentiation (+) (P = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors. Moreover, the prognosis of patients with neuroendocrine differentiation (+) was similar to that of patients with high-risk factors in stage II cases (P = 0.639). High chromogranin A expression was correlated with poor prognosis in stage II colorectal cancer patients in the Gene Expression Omnibus database (P &lt; 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prognosis of colorectal cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation (+) was poor, especially in stage II colorectal cancer patients. neuroendocrine differentiation might be another high-risk factor for the prognosis of stage II colorectal cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma with Enteric Differentiation without TTF-1 Expression Is a Very Rare Subtype with Limited Treatment Options and Poor Prognosis.","authors":"Franziska Maria Kraus, Alexander Traut, Georg Nilius, Jan Volmerig, Andreas Koziorowski, Imke Stöver, Florian Grabellus, Michael Stahl, Daniel C Christoph","doi":"10.1159/000540515","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with enteric differentiation (PAED) without thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression is an extremely rare variant of lung cancer. Due to its rarity, few clinicopathological and molecular studies have been performed on PAED, particularly in Caucasian patients. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain clinicopathological data of Caucasian PAED patients without TTF-1 expression, their systemic therapy options, and the efficacy of their systemic treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined the clinicopathological features of 121 cases of TTF-1-negative pulmonary adenocarcinoma at a certified German lung cancer center including 79 cases without a PAED and 42 cases with a PAED, compared these subgroups, and investigated patients' response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy as first-line treatment. By using endoscopy and/or a PET-CT, a primary adenocarcinoma of the digestive tract was excluded in all PAED patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A comparison of clinicopathological data of TTF-1-negative PAED and non-PAED patients revealed a significantly lower frequency of high programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in PAED resulting in the lack of single-agent immunotherapy (p = 0.032) in this subgroup. Frequencies of an activating Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene mutation were high in both groups (46.7% and 50.0%), but G12C gene mutations were seldomly noted (in 6.7% and 18.5% of patients with evaluable data). Median overall survival (OS) was poor in both groups (10 and 12 months). The majority of PAED patients received platinum-based and taxane-containing chemotherapy or chemo-/immunotherapy with an objective response rate (ORR) of 31.6% and a disease control rate of 57.9%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and OS of PAED patients with systemic therapy were very poor (3.9 months and 5.9 months).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Caucasian patients with TTF-1 negative PAED have a poor prognosis with a reduced ORR to standard first-line systemic therapy and short survival times (PFS and OS).</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Cardiovascular Events Caused by New-Generation Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors Used for Prostate Cancer: A Real-World Study in Japan.","authors":"Rikuto Masuda, Yoshihiro Noguchi, Haruka Aizawa, Shunsuke Yoshizawa, Yuki Nomura, Mitsuru Saguchi, Kazuhiro Iguchi, Tomoaki Yoshimura","doi":"10.1159/000540864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000540864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) that significantly improve the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer include abiraterone acetate (androgen synthesis inhibitor) and enzalutamide (androgen receptor inhibitor). A recent analysis of ARPI and cardiovascular events using the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) has been reported; however, the evidence on cardiovascular events for abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide in real-world clinical practice is insufficient. Using a large Japanese database of medical institutions, the Japanese Medical Data Center (JMDC) medical institution database (JMDC Inc., Tokyo, Japan), this study tested the hypothesis that the risk of cardiovascular events with enzalutamide is lower than that with abiraterone acetate.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using the JMDC medical institution database, patients with new use of abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide who had not experienced a major cardiovascular event between October 2014 and February 2022 were included. After adjusting for age, comorbidities, and concomitant medications using propensity score matching, cumulative incidence rates were compared for cardiovascular death and all cardiovascular events as the primary endpoints, and major cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke as secondary endpoints.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 3,033 patients in the enzalutamide group and 2,021 in the abiraterone group met the eligibility criteria. After propensity score matching, the cohort included 1,940 patients in the enzalutamide group and 1,940 patients in the abiraterone group. Enzalutamide was associated with significantly lower cumulative rates of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10-0.93), all cardiovascular events (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.98), major cardiovascular events (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.97), and myocardial infarction (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.46-0.84) compared to abiraterone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a national sample of males with prostate cancer, those newly treated with enzalutamide had a lower risk of adverse cardiovascular events than those treated with abiraterone acetate.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}