Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides最新文献_第3页

Le protoxyde d’azote (N2O), puissant gaz à effet de serre émis par les sols agricoles : méthodes d’inventaire et leviers de réduction 一氧化二氮(N2O)，农业土壤排放的强大温室气体:库存方法和减少杠杆

Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.1051/OCL.2013.0501

A. Viard, Catherine Hénault, P. Rochette, Peter Kuikman, F. Flenet, P. Cellier

{"title":"Le protoxyde d’azote (N2O), puissant gaz à effet de serre émis par les sols agricoles : méthodes d’inventaire et leviers de réduction","authors":"A. Viard, Catherine Hénault, P. Rochette, Peter Kuikman, F. Flenet, P. Cellier","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2013.0501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2013.0501","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is a greenhouse gas that mainly originates from soils and agricultural activities. International initiatives require that countries calculate national inventories of their N2 O emissions from agricultural soils. Several methodologies can be applied: (i) Tier I Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default approach that only takes into account nitrogen (N) input, (ii) Country-specific methodologies (Tier II and Tier III) that account for regional climatic and land use impacts on N2 O emission factors, and include several sources. Strategies to mitigate N2 O emissions from agricultural soils are based on a rational use of N resource and the stimulation of soil aerobic conditions and biological activity. Management practices to reduce the N2 O emissions should be focused on: (i) Avoiding the soil denitrification process by maximizing soil aeration and reducing their acidity, (ii) Improving N fertilization by reducing free N in soil and optimizing N use efficiency in cropping systems, (iii) Direct actions on the microbial processes by limiting the nitrification process and stimulating the last step of the denitrification process (N2 O reduction to N2 ).","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"6 1","pages":"108-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87706113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

La place des lipides dans l’alimentation 脂肪在饮食中的地位

Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.1051/ocl.2013.0503

B. Guy-grand

引用次数: 0

Superhydrophilic surfaces from short and medium chain solvo-surfactants 短链和中链溶剂表面活性剂的超亲水性表面

Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/OCL.2012.0490

R. Valentin, Z. Mouloungui

{"title":"Superhydrophilic surfaces from short and medium chain solvo-surfactants","authors":"R. Valentin, Z. Mouloungui","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0490","url":null,"abstract":"Pure monoglycerides (GM-Cs) and glycerol carbonate esters (GCE-Cs) are two families of oleochemical molecules composed of a polar part, glycerol for GM-Cs, glycerol carbonate for GCE-Cs, and a fatty acid lipophilic part.From a chemical point of view, GM-Cs include two free oxygen atoms in the hydroxyl functions and one ester function between the fatty acid and the glycerol parts. GCE-Cs contain two blocked oxygen atoms in the cyclic carbonate backbone and three esters functions: two endocyclic in the five-membered cyclic carbonate function, one exocyclic between the fatty acid and glycerol carbonate parts. At the physico-chemical level, GMCs and GCE-Cs are multifunctional molecules with amphiphilic structures: a common hydrophobic chain to the both families and a polar head, glycerol for GMs and glycerol carbonate for GCE-Cs. Physicochemical properties depend on chain lengths, odd or even carbon numbers on the chain, and glyceryl or cyclocarbonic polar heads.The solvo-surfactant character of GM-Cs and overall GCE-Cs were discussed through the measurements of critical micellar concentration (CMC) or critical aggregation concentration (CAC). These surface active glycerol esters/glycerol carbonate esters were classified following their hydrophilic/hydrophobic character correlated to their chain length (LogPoctanol/water = f(atom carbon number)). Differential scanning calorimetry and optical polarized light microscopy allow us to highlight the selfassembling properties of the glycerol carbonate esters alone and in presence of water. We studied by thermal analysis the polymorphic behaviour of GCE-Cs, and the correlation between their melting points versus the chain lengths.Coupling the self-aggregation and crystallization properties, superhydrophilic surfaces were obtained by formulating GM-Cs and GCE-Cs. An efficient durable water-repellent coating of various metallic and polymeric surfaces was allowed. Such surfaces coated by self-assembled fatty acid esters in a stable coagel state present a novel solution for the water-repellent coating of surfaces.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"9 1","pages":"33-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88051123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

ACDV, Association Chimie du Végétal : une initiative française pour développer la chimie du végétal ACDV，植物化学协会:法国发展植物化学的倡议

Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/OCL.2012.0493

Aurore Friès

{"title":"ACDV, Association Chimie du Végétal : une initiative française pour développer la chimie du végétal","authors":"Aurore Friès","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0493","url":null,"abstract":"Industry dependence on external fossil fuel resources, fluctuations in energy and raw materials costs, climate change, environmental regulations, changing consumer attitudes etc. In France, where agriculture and the chemical industry are two pillars of the economy, these harsh realities have prompted the chemical and agro-resources sectors to look to biobased chemistry as a means of diversifying outlets for biomass and chemical sourcing, with the aim of balanced use. French players in this international sector have realised the value of joining forces, pooling skills, knowhow and resources into a single structure to drive forward the development of biobased chemistry. This shared vision and determination resulted in the creation in 2008 of the French biobased chemistry association, Association Chimie du V_eg_etal (ACDV). This initiative, still the first of its kind, brings together within a single federation all those directly involved in biobased chemistry. ACDV’s stated aim: to propose and create industrial, economic and political conditions conducive to the development of this industrial reality, within a context of competitive, responsible and sustainable agricultural and chemical sectors. ACDV acts as a source of creative ideas, presenting national and European bodies with the strategic vision and position of French industrialists as regards the international development and competitiveness of biobased chemistry. A commitment by the French chemicals industry to a target of 15% biobased raw materials by 2017 is one of the key factors underpinning the work of the ACDV.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"17 1","pages":"50-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89044068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chimie du végétal et lipochimie (Journées Chevreul 5 & 6 juin 2012) 植物化学和脂化学(2012年6月5日和6日Chevreul日)

Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/OCL.2012.0492

Fabrice Turon

引用次数: 4

Assurer la sécurité alimentaire dans un contexte de changement climatique : un défi collectif 气候变化背景下的粮食安全:一项集体挑战

Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/OCL.2012.0471

M. Guillou

{"title":"Assurer la sécurité alimentaire dans un contexte de changement climatique : un défi collectif","authors":"M. Guillou","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0471","url":null,"abstract":"There is an urgent need to renew our agricultural model: 1 billion people still suffer from starvation nowadays, we are running short with fossile resources and climate change is already transforming agriculture throughout the World. Food security is at stake for the decades to come and most of the international decision makers are becoming aware of it, as illustrated by a series of conferences and summits which include: the G20 summit on agriculture in Paris (June 2011) and the Earth Summit which took place in Rio on last June.However, while preparing for those important meetings decision-makers were in need for an accurate and comprehensive information on the latest scientific results. This is the reason why the international commission on sustainable agriculture and climate change was set up in 2011.Made of 13 eminent scientists, this international commission was in charge of identifying which policy changes and actions are needed to help the world achieve food security in the face of climate change. After 15 months of working, the commission issued its final report in March 2012 and this article is aimed at introducing the main conclusions of this report.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"42 1","pages":"61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79972076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enzymes in lipid modification: From classical biocatalysis with commercial enzymes to advanced protein engineering tools 酶在脂质修饰:从经典的生物催化与商业酶先进的蛋白质工程工具

Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/OCL.2012.0487

U. Bornscheuer

引用次数: 14

Development of continuous processes for vegetable oil alcoholysis in microfluidic devices 微流控装置植物油醇解连续工艺的发展

Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/OCL.2012.0479

R. Richard, B. Dubreuil, L. Prat, S. Thiebaud-Roux

{"title":"Development of continuous processes for vegetable oil alcoholysis in microfluidic devices","authors":"R. Richard, B. Dubreuil, L. Prat, S. Thiebaud-Roux","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0479","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste cooking oils by transesterification with ethanol (also called ethanolysis) in order to substitute fossil fuels. In this work, we were interested in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil with ethanol, which leads to ethyl esters, used to date for applications principally in food and cosmetic industry. To open the application field to biofuels (to substitute current fuels resulting from fossil resources), the process efficiency has to be developed to be economically profitable. The batch reaction of vegetable oil ethanolysis was transposed to a micro-scaled continuous device (PFA tube of 508 μm internal diameter), inducing better heat and mass transfer. Study of the influence of the operational conditions (reactants flow, initial ethanol to oil molar ratio, temperature. . .) revealed the favourable reaction parameters necessary to reach high conversions and yields. In these conditions, it is possible to acquire kinetics data at the first seconds of the reaction, which was not feasible in a conventional batch process. These data were used to model occurring phenomena and to determine kinetic constants and transfer coefficients. The model was subsequently used to simulate reactions with other operational conditions. To acquire these data in microreactors, an on-line analysis method by Near InfraRed (NIR) spectroscopy was developed by using gas chromatography as a reference method. PLS models were then set up to quantify on-line the major compounds contents during the reaction.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"20 1","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91302537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Les acides gras hydroxylés : agro-tensioactifs aux propriétés moussantes originales 羟基脂肪酸:具有原始发泡性能的农业表面活性剂

Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/OCL.2012.0491

Anne-Laure Fameau, F. Cousin, Arnaud Saint-Jalmes, F. Boué, Jean-Paul Douliez

{"title":"Les acides gras hydroxylés : agro-tensioactifs aux propriétés moussantes originales","authors":"Anne-Laure Fameau, F. Cousin, Arnaud Saint-Jalmes, F. Boué, Jean-Paul Douliez","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0491","url":null,"abstract":"Surfactants, which are molecules bearing a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part, are widely used in many daily life products (detergent, cosmetic, pharmaceutical...) because of their foaming properties. Indeed, they spontaneously go to the interface between air and water, which stabilizes the thin water films surrounding air bubbles to obtain foams. Currently, since the most used surfactants come from derivatives from petroleum-based products, their replacement by biomolecules is a major issue in the current context of sustainable development and green chemistry. This could promote the use of molecules from agricultural resources, such as hydroxyl fatty acids that can be extracted from oil or from the tegument of fruits and vegetables, as new agro-based surfactants. Here, we present recent research on the surfactant properties of the 12-hydroxy stearic acid coming from the castor oil. This fatty acid has very advantageous foaming properties compared to conventional synthetic surfactant systems: it enables the production of foams which are at the same time very abundant and, remarkably, stables over a span lasting more than 6 months. Moreover, these foams are thermoresponsive because the foam stability can be easily modulated by a simple modification of the temperature.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"25 1","pages":"8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87980291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence du taux d’acide alpha-linolénique de l’aliment sur la teneur en oméga-3 et les caractéristiques hédoniques de la viande de lapin. Revue bibliographique 饲料中α -亚麻酸水平对-3含量和兔肉享乐特性的影响。文献综述

Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/OCL.2012.0480

B. Teillet, M. Colin, A. Prigent

引用次数: 0