一氧化二氮(N2O),农业土壤排放的强大温室气体:库存方法和减少杠杆

A. Viard, Catherine Hénault, P. Rochette, Peter Kuikman, F. Flenet, P. Cellier
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引用次数: 10

摘要

一氧化二氮(N2 O)是一种主要来自土壤和农业活动的温室气体。国际倡议要求各国计算其农业土壤氮氧排放的国家清单。可采用几种方法:(i)政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)的第一级默认方法,只考虑氮(N)投入;(ii)考虑区域气候和土地利用对N2 O排放因子影响的国别方法(第二级和第三级),包括几个来源。减少农业土壤N2 O排放的策略是基于合理利用N资源和刺激土壤好氧条件和生物活性。减少N2 O排放的管理实践应侧重于:(i)通过最大限度地增加土壤通气和降低土壤酸度来避免土壤反硝化过程;(ii)通过减少土壤游离氮和优化种植系统中氮的利用效率来改善氮肥施用;(iii)通过限制硝化过程和刺激反硝化过程的最后一步(N2 O还原为N2)来直接作用于微生物过程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Le protoxyde d’azote (N2O), puissant gaz à effet de serre émis par les sols agricoles : méthodes d’inventaire et leviers de réduction
Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is a greenhouse gas that mainly originates from soils and agricultural activities. International initiatives require that countries calculate national inventories of their N2 O emissions from agricultural soils. Several methodologies can be applied: (i) Tier I Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default approach that only takes into account nitrogen (N) input, (ii) Country-specific methodologies (Tier II and Tier III) that account for regional climatic and land use impacts on N2 O emission factors, and include several sources. Strategies to mitigate N2 O emissions from agricultural soils are based on a rational use of N resource and the stimulation of soil aerobic conditions and biological activity. Management practices to reduce the N2 O emissions should be focused on: (i) Avoiding the soil denitrification process by maximizing soil aeration and reducing their acidity, (ii) Improving N fertilization by reducing free N in soil and optimizing N use efficiency in cropping systems, (iii) Direct actions on the microbial processes by limiting the nitrification process and stimulating the last step of the denitrification process (N2 O reduction to N2 ).
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