Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Mapping nursing roles in nutritional care within Saudi tertiary hospitals: A scoping review","authors":"Muna Saeed Mohammed Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Warda Amur Al Amri Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Duaa Al-Maghaireh Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Shimaa Nabil Ahmed Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Nutritional care is a crucial aspect of patient well-being, and nurses lie at the heart of its implementation in hospital settings. However, their role as yet remains limited and under-recognized, especially in Saudi tertiary hospitals. This scoping review aims to map the existing literature on the nursing role in nutritional care in Saudi tertiary settings, with findings organized by study design and key themes, and identifying gaps to inform practice, policy, and education.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A scoping review design was used to conduct this study. The review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines within the Arksey &amp; O'Malley framework. Five stages were employed: searching for relevant studies across several databases, screening, charting the data, and thematically synthesizing the findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 713 records initially identified through database searches spanning 2014 to 2025, 133 duplicates were removed. This left 580 unique publications for the initial screening phase, during which titles and abstracts were evaluated. Based on this assessment, 535 records were excluded. The full text of the remaining 45 articles was then evaluated for eligibility. Finally, twelve articles were incorporated into the final review, each meeting the inclusion criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The review established that within the context of interdisciplinary collaboration, certain responsibilities of nurses in nutritional care are not clearly outlined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating resting metabolic rate in older Chinese adults:A community-based study integrating dietary predictors","authors":"Qi Dong ,&nbsp;Lu Wu ,&nbsp;Jiao Liu ,&nbsp;Danye Niu ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Yanmin Zheng ,&nbsp;Lei Ding ,&nbsp;Yating Ma ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Resting metabolic rate (RMR), which accounts for 60% to 75% of total daily energy expenditure, is critical for formulating appropriate nutrition plans and for the prevention of overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to systematically consider dietary and other factors affecting RMR and propose a predictive equation for the older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 373 elderly participants aged 60 to 89 years (205 males) were included in this study. RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry (IC). One-on-one measurements and questionnaires were used to collect data on height, weight, waist circumference, physical activity, sleep duration, and food consumption frequency. Multiple linear regression was used to construct models, which were compared with existing equations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The RMR values of the study participants ranged from 652 to 1635 kcal/d. The average RMR for males and fe-males was 1175.3 ± 167.9 kcal/d and 1001.5 ± 159.7 kcal/d, respectively. Two models were constructed using multiple regression, with variables including sex, weight, fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), age, and animal offal consumption. The newly established formula demonstrated better accuracy than the other formulas based on comparisons of biases, Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC), root mean square errors (RMSE), accuracies, and Bland-Altman plots.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study developed new RMR predictive equations for individuals aged 60 and above. The newly developed equations in-corporates animal offal consumption and demonstrates higher predictive performance compared to other equations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can dietitians reliably measure muscle mass with ultrasound compared to ‘expert’ clinicians and what sort of training is required?A narrative review","authors":"Erin Russell ,&nbsp;Mary Anne Silvers ,&nbsp;Peter Coombs","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Sarcopenia and malnutrition have detrimental health related outcomes not limited to falls, weakness, fractures, increased hospital length of stay, increased risk of infections, morbidity and mortality. Ultrasound is an establishing imaging modality that can be utilized at point-of care to measure muscle mass and quality. It is cheaper, less invasive, and more accessible than other gold-standard measurements of muscle mass. It is proposed that dietitians can utilize this measurement in clinical practice to support both diagnosis and monitoring of malnutrition and sarcopenia, however current evidence has not been synthesized.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The search was completed in May 2024. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched. Search terms and search procedures were transposed across different databases based on known Booleen operators. Due to paucity of evidence in the area, a broad search strategy was employed. Simply the combination of synonyms of <em>ultrasound</em> and <em>dietitian</em> within <em>any</em> field was used to ensure any kind of ultrasound measured by a dietitian was captured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The initial search identified 946 titles for review from which 228 duplicates were removed, leaving 718 for screening. After screening, 55 papers remained for full-text review. Ten papers were included for appraisal. All peer-reviewed papers were observational, 441 participants in total were included (both healthy participants and patient cohorts). Study quality was low, with study design, documentation of training, timing of measurement and blinding poorly defined. The reference standard (if any) was inconsistent. All studies were basic research, none were translated into clinical practice. Quad muscle thickness was the most common measurement. Reliability of dietitians was reported in most, with intra-rater ICC ranges from 0.63 to 0.95 between dietitians and ‘experts’ (intensivists, trained clinicians or sonographers). Training undertaken was reported in half the papers reviewed but details were limited.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Emerging evidence suggests dietitians have potential to develop skills in measuring muscles with ultrasound. Overall, there remains a paucity of publications in the area, particularly when considering dietitian training and reliability in various ultrasound measurements. There should be progress in Further studies with regard to verifying necessary training for dietitians to ensure accurate readings as an advanced scope of practice for dietitians.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145917989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Carbohydrate counting in traditional Turkish fast foods for individuals with type 1 diabetes: Can artificial intelligence models replace dietitians?\"","authors":"Jaswinder Singh, Analp Pathak, Anuj Pathak, Manish Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2026.113230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"113230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term effects of routine nutritional care on dietary patterns and biochemical parameters in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients","authors":"Larissa Braga Lisboa M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Lyandra Pereira da Silva B.Sc. ,&nbsp;Isabela S.C. Brum M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Ludmila FMF Cardozo Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Denise Mafra Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Livia Alvarenga Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Nutritional therapy is crucial for managing chronic kidney disease (CKD), with protein restriction in the non-dialysis stages being vital for slowing disease progression. Moreover, limiting ultra-processed foods (UPF) is necessary due to the health risks associated with these foods, including the advancement of CKD. This study aims to evaluate the impact of routine nutritional care on UPF intake and biochemical markers in non-dialysis CKD patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dietary intake, anthropometric, and biochemical data were measured at baseline and post-1 mo of routine nutritional care for patients with non-dialysis CKD patients. Dietary intake data were collected using a 24-h dietary recall and a Food Frequency Questionnaire. NOVA classification was used to evaluate UPF intake.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 83 participants (53% men; 62 [25.5] years old; body mass index 29 [6.77] kg/m²; estimated glomerular filtration rate of 36 [25.6] mL/min/1.73 m²). After 1 mo of the nutritional intervention, there was significantly decreased caloric intake from UPF (<em>P</em> = 0.011) globally. In addition, patients with adequate protein intake showed decreased UPF intake and increased intake of <em>in natura</em> and minimally processed foods compared to those with inadequate protein intake (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). There was an increase in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and albumin (<em>P</em> = 0.009) after 1 mo. A reduction in serum potassium levels (<em>P</em> = 0.013), sodium (<em>P</em> = 0.007), glucose (<em>P</em> = 0.018), and glycated hemoglobin (<em>P</em> = 0.021) was also observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The 1-mo nutritional intervention reduced the intake of UPF and increased intake of <em>in natura</em> and minimally processed foods, improving biochemical parameters in non-dialysis CKD patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113073"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146019495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In defense of the Holman index: Defining fatty acid deficiency","authors":"Juhye Kang M.D. ,&nbsp;Audrey Watnick ,&nbsp;Djanira Fernandes M.D. ,&nbsp;Valeria Ruiz-Santana M.D. ,&nbsp;Mark Puder M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Kathleen M. Gura Pharm.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) is a rare but serious condition with significant consequences including delayed growth and development, decreased immune response and reproductive dysfunction, among others. EFAD is of particular concern in vulnerable populations such as preterm infants and those receiving long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). As essential fatty acids (EFAs) must be supplemented in the diet due to the inability to synthesize these endogenously, EFAD develops secondary to inadequate EFA intake. The Holman Index, defined by the ratio of Mead acid to arachidonic acid (triene: tetraene (T:T)) in the plasma, has historically served as the method for diagnosis, with the threshold diagnostic value at ≥0.20. This index is derived from the body’s natural metabolic response to EFA deprivation, increasing synthesis of Mead acid, and thus remains broadly applicable across various populations. Concerns regarding the established ratio and alternative use of absolute fatty acid values and profiles have been raised that question the utility of the Holman Index. Although recent developments in fatty acid profiling have allowed for increased precision in measurement and development of population-specific reference ranges, reliability of this data in diagnosing EFAD is controversial given variability amongst different studies and population dietary confounders. Data from animal and human studies have demonstrated that the Holman index has continued to reliably detect EFAD even in the era of new lipid emulsions and technological advancements. The Holman Index remains a vital tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of EFAD, offering consistency and early detection capacity in at-risk populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113060"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Handgrip strength and body composition in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A cross-section study","authors":"Emilaine Brinate Bastos M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Wanélia Vieira Afonso Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Gabriel Nathan da Costa Dias B.Sc. ,&nbsp;Isabella Ferreira Pimentel ,&nbsp;Maria Victória de Andrade Pinto B.Sc. ,&nbsp;Fábio da Veiga Ued Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Juliana Cristina Lemos de Souza Marchesi Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Sandra da Silva ,&nbsp;Patricia de Carvalho Padilha Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We hypothesized that body mass index (BMI) deviation, low muscle mass, and low quality of life (QoL) are associated with low handgrip strength (HGS) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the association between BMI, body composition measurements, QoL, and HGS in this population. This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study with patients diagnosed at least 1 mo ago, aged 5 to 18 y. Multiple quantile regression models were performed to evaluate the relationships between the independent variables and HGS. Associations with <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 were considered significant. Forty-four patients with a median age of 10.1 (8.5–11.9) y were evaluated. The presence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) by BMI/age was 54.5%, and the median HGS and QoL assessment were 14 (9.1–18) kgf and 75 (66.3–81.2) points, respectively. The medians of age, weight, height, arm perimeter, arm muscle area (AMA), arm muscle perimeter (AMP), and BMI/age differed significantly according to the lowest tertile of HGS. There was a strong positive correlation between HGS and the variables arm perimeter (<em>r</em> = 0.703; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), AMA (<em>r</em> = 0.814; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and AMP (<em>r</em> = 0.815; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). There was no correlation between HGS and the QoL score (<em>r</em> = 0.059; <em>P</em> = 0.704). AMA, AMP, and age showed positive associations in all quantiles analyzed. However, BMI showed a negative association with the HGS outcome in all quantiles. It was possible to understand the influence of AMP and AMA at different levels of HGS, highlighting the importance of body composition and age as factors associated with muscular performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113022"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NRS2002 outperforms GNRI and PG-SGA SF in GLIM-based malnutrition identification among elderly patients with gastrointestinal malignancy: A multicenter diagnostic study with calibration and net benefit assessment","authors":"Cheng Xu M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Jiajun Xu B.Sc. ,&nbsp;Beilan Shan M.B. ,&nbsp;Zhouwei Chen AD ,&nbsp;Cuihua Wang M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In this study we systematically assessed the diagnostic accuracy, calibration, and clinical utility of three study tools—the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002), the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG-SGA SF)—against the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria for identifying malnutrition in elderly patients with gastrointestinal malignancy. The aim was to determine their potential as pragmatic surrogates for the full GLIM diagnostic process.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>412 patients (aged ≥ 60 y) with gastrointestinal malignancies from two hospitals in Shanghai were enrolled in this multicenter cross-sectional study. Diagnostic performance was assessed using GLIM criteria as the reference standard, evaluating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Calibration was tested with the Hosmer–Lemeshow test, clinical net benefit was analyzed through decision curve analysis, and cross-center consistency was measured using the <em>I</em>² statistic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The NRS2002 exhibited superior overall performance, characterized by high diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.85), the highest sensitivity (81%), excellent cross-center stability (<em>I</em>² = 0%), no significant calibration deviation (<em>P</em> = 0.415), and a clinical net benefit across a 0–96% risk threshold. The PG-SGA SF showed a comparable AUC (0.86), yet was accompanied by high specificity (87%), lower sensitivity (70%), significant calibration bias (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and notable inter-center heterogeneity (<em>I</em>² = 81.5%). The GNRI presented weaker diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.79) and significant calibration error (<em>P</em> = 0.039), though it maintained good cross-center stability (<em>I</em>² = 0%). All tools achieved an AUC &gt; 0.70 across key clinical subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The NRS2002 is recommended as the primary surrogate diagnostic tool for GLIM-defined malnutrition in elderly patients with gastrointestinal malignancies, due to its balanced diagnostic accuracy and robust performance across settings. The GNRI offers an alternative based on objective parameters, while the PG-SGA SF is suitable for confirming malnutrition in low-risk outpatients. Future research should be focused on multicenter validation and examining the prognostic associations of these tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113055"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Mediterranean diet for the prevention in patients affected by cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis featured in the Italian National Guidelines “La Dieta Mediterranea”","authors":"Roberto Volpe MD, AMS, PhD ,&nbsp;Marco Matteo Ciccone MD ,&nbsp;Barbara Pala MD ,&nbsp;Federico Barbarano MD ,&nbsp;Stefania Camastra MD ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Caprio MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Amanda Casirati PhD ,&nbsp;Armando Ferrera MD ,&nbsp;Ferruccio Galletti MD ,&nbsp;Alessandro Greatti MD ,&nbsp;Maria Pina Mollica PhD ,&nbsp;Stefania Paolillo MD ,&nbsp;Damiano Parretti MD ,&nbsp;Daniele Nucci RD ,&nbsp;Nicola Veronese MD ,&nbsp;Luigi Fontana MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Stefania Maggi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Graziano Onder MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Marco Silano MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Michela Zanetti MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Massimo Volpe MD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with secondary prevention a public health priority. Diet is a modifiable risk factor, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has shown benefits in primary prevention. However, its role in patients already affected by CVD remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between adherence to MD and recurrent cardiovascular events, mortality, and intermediate health outcomes in individuals with established CVD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed up to February 28, 2024. The certainty of evidence was evaluated with the NUTRIGRADE approach. Pooled effect sizes were computed using a random-effects model and expressed as risk ratios (RR), hazard ratios, or odds ratios, as appropriate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nineteen studies (4 randomized controlled trials—RCTs, 15 cohorts) involving over 91 000 participants were included. Higher adherence to MD was associated with a reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in cohorts (RR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.97) and RCTs (RR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.20–0.94), and reduced mortality in cohorts (RR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95–0.98) and RCTs (RR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13–0.55). Effects on blood pressure and lipid profile were not significant, while effects on body composition were non-significant. Certainty of evidence ranged from low to high depending on the different outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher adherence to the MD is associated with clinically meaningful reductions in recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality among CVD patients. These findings support incorporating MD-based recommendations into secondary prevention guidelines and public health strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113053"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional study among Italian university students: The UniFoodWaste study","authors":"Flavia Pennisi Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Daniele Nucci Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Antonio Pinto M.D. ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Stacchini M.D. ,&nbsp;Nicola Veronese Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Stefania Maggi Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Carlo Signorelli Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Baldo Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Vincenza Gianfredi Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depression is a major global health issue and is particularly prevalent among university students. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary patterns, especially the Mediterranean diet (MD), may influence mental health. This study aimed to examine the association between adherence to the MD and depressive symptoms among Italian university students.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted among students aged ≥18 y enrolled at the University of Milan (<em>N</em> = 2697). Adherence to the MD was assessed using the validated Medi-Lite score (range 0–18), while depressive symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), analyzed both as a continuous variable and using established cut-offs (≥5 and ≥10). Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to assess associations between MD adherence, individual dietary components, and depressive symptoms, adjusting for age and sex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher MD adherence was significantly associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Each one-point increase in the Medi-Lite score was linked to lower odds of PHQ-9 ≥ 10 (aOR = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–0.95; <em>P</em> = 0.001), PHQ-9 ≥ 5 (aOR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85–0.93; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and reduced PHQ-9 scores (<em>β</em> = –0.02, 95% CI: –0.03 to –0.01; <em>P</em> = 0.001). Consuming &gt;2 portions/d of fruit (aOR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45–0.80; <em>P</em> = 0.001) and &gt;2.5 portions/d of vegetables (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.45–0.85; <em>P</em> = 0.003) was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms; vegetable intake also correlated with lower PHQ-9 scores (<em>β</em> = –0.14, 95% CI: –0.23 to –0.06; <em>P</em> = 0.001). Reduced meat intake (&lt;1 portion/d) and regular olive oil use were further linked to lower depressive symptomatology. In contrast, alcohol consumption of 1 to 2 units/d (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.10–1.79; <em>P</em> = 0.006) and frequent use of food waste apps (≥1/wk: aOR = 4.26, 95% CI: 1.18–15.34; <em>P</em> = 0.027; <em>β</em> = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.00–0.76; <em>P</em> = 0.049) were associated with increased depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Greater adherence to the MD was associated with lower depressive symptoms among university students. Promoting MD adherence in student health programs may offer a useful non-pharmacological strategy to support mental well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}