Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Mucin gene expression in the large intestine of young pigs: The effect of dietary level of two types of chicory inulin","authors":"Ewa Święch ,&nbsp;Marcin Barszcz ,&nbsp;Marcin Taciak ,&nbsp;Kamil Gawin ,&nbsp;Anna Tuśnio ,&nbsp;Adrianna Konopka ,&nbsp;Jacek Skomiał","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Inulin is a plant polysaccharide that may affect the gut barrier depending on its degree of polymerization (DP). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of dietary level of two inulin types differing in DP on mucin content and <em>MUC</em> gene expression in the colon mucosa of pigs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The 40-d experiment involved 56 piglets divided into seven groups fed a diet with 0%, 1%, 2%, or 3% inulin with DP of 10 or 23. Mucin content was measured fluorometrically, gene expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and three-way analysis of variance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the proximal colon, mucin content was decreased by the diet with 1% inulin with DP of 23 (IN23), whereas in the middle colon mucin content was decreased by the other IN23 diets. The diet with 3% inulin with DP of 10 upregulated <em>MUC2</em> and <em>MUC12</em> in the proximal colon and <em>MUC2</em> and <em>MUC13</em> in the middle colon. In the proximal colon, all IN23 diets increased <em>MUC2</em> expression, whereas the 2% and 3% IN23 diets upregulated <em>MUC1</em> and <em>MUC12</em>. In the middle colon, <em>MUC2</em> was increased by the 1% and 2% IN23 diets, <em>MUC4</em> by the 1% diet, and <em>MUC13</em> by the 3% diet. In the distal colon, the 3% IN23 diet upregulated <em>MUC1</em>, whereas all IN23 diets downregulated <em>MUC2, MUC4</em>, and <em>MUC12</em>. With the exception of <em>MU13</em> and <em>MUC20</em>, the expression of <em>MUC</em> genes was the highest in the proximal colon.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Inulin, particularly with higher DP, may exert a beneficial effect on the colon mucosa by modulation of <em>MUC</em> gene expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112635"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling nutritional status score and geriatric nutritional risk index as a predictor of mortality and hospitalization risk in hospitalized older adults","authors":"Andrea P. Rossi M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Luca Scalfi M.D. ,&nbsp;Pasquale Abete M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Bellelli M.D. ,&nbsp;Mario Bo M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Antonio Cherubini M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Francesco Corica M.D. ,&nbsp;Mauro Di Bari M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Marcello Maggio M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Maria Rosaria Rizzo M.D. ,&nbsp;Lara Bianchi M.D. ,&nbsp;Stefano Volpato M.D., M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Francesco Landi M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;GLISTEN Group Investigators","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COntrolling NUTritional Status (CONUT) score and the Global Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI) are screening tools for assessing the risk of malnutrition based on widely available biochemical parameters. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the predictive value of CONUT and GNRI score on 36 months mortality and hospitalization risk in hospitalized older patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data of 382 patients (196 women, mean age 80.9±6.8 years) were retrieved from the multicenter Italian Study conducted by the Gruppo Lavoro Italiano Sarcopenia–Trattamento e Nutrizione (GLISTEN) in 12 Acute Care Wards. Sarcopenia was defined as presence of low handgrip strength plus low skeletal mass index (EWGSOP2 criteria). CONUT score was calculated based on serum albumin, total cholesterol and total lymphocyte count, whilst the GNRI was calculated using serum albumin and present body weight/ideal body weight ratio.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the 36-month follow-up, 120 out of 382 participants died (31.4%). From the results of the survival analysis, and after adjustment for potential confounders, participants with CONUT-derived moderate to high risk of malnutrition had shorter survival (HR = 2.67, 95%CI 1.34–5.33 and HR = 3.98, 95% CI: 1.77–8.97, respectively), as well as shorter survival free of urgent hospitalization (HR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.03–3.55 and HR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.14–3.42, respectively). Conversely, only GNRI indicative of high risk of malnutrition was an independent predictor of mortality 1.96 (95% CI: 1.06–3.62), but not of hospitalization.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The CONUT score seems a valid tool to predict long-term mortality and hospitalization risk. Conversely, the GNRI is associated with long-term mortality, but not with hospital readmissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inappropriate diet and hygiene status affect the progression of diabetic kidney disease by causing dysbiosis","authors":"Takeo Koshida Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Tomohito Gohda Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Naoko Kaga Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Hikari Taka Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Kenta Shimozawa M.D. ,&nbsp;Maki Murakoshi Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yuichiro Yamashiro Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yusuke Suzuki Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Although the effects of an unhealthy diet on the risks of diabetes and its renal complications are well understood, the effects of hygiene status have not been fully elucidated.</div></div><div><h3>Research methods and procedures</h3><div>We created four groups of mice according to the diet fed (standard [SD] or high-fat [HFD]) and their living environment (conventional [CV] or specific pathogen-free [SPF]), and characterized the extent of their kidney pathology, their gut microbiota, and their fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The body masses and glycated hemoglobin levels of the HFD and CV groups were significantly higher than those of the SD and SPF groups, respectively. The renal mRNA expression of markers of inflammation and fibrosis and the protein level of CD31 were higher in the HFD and CV groups than in the SD and SPF groups, respectively. Although the alpha diversities and total SCFA concentrations of the HFD and CV groups were significantly lower than those of the SD and SPF groups, respectively, the mRNA expression of genes involved in inflammation, innate immunity, tight junctions, and glucose transporters in the gut was only affected by HFD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Gut microbial dysbiosis, owing to the combined effects of inappropriate diet and excessive hygiene, accompanied by lower intestinal SCFA production, may contribute to the development and/or progression of diabetes and diabetic kidney disease through the induction of inflammation and fibrosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive equations in determining resting energy expenditure in patients with head and neck cancer receiving home enteral nutrition","authors":"Michał Ławiński ,&nbsp;Natalia Ksepka ,&nbsp;Michel E. Mickael ,&nbsp;Jarosław O. Horbańczuk ,&nbsp;Maciej Słodkowski ,&nbsp;Atanas G. Atanasov ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Zadka","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>It is important to cover energy targets among patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) to minimize weight and skeletal muscles loss. This study aimed to assess the agreement between indirect calorimetry (IC) and predictive equations for determining resting energy expenditures (REE) in HNC patients receiving home enteral nutrition (HEN).</div></div><div><h3>Research methods and procedures</h3><div>Patients included in the study had to be diagnosed with HNC, be adults, have artificial access to the digestive tract, and participate in HEN. All measurements were conducted in the morning after prior patient preparation. Body weight and height were measured using a scale with an integrated height meter. A phase-sensitive, single-frequency bioimpedance analyzer was utilized to conduct bioelectrical impedance analysis. REE was measured using IC with a canopy hood and calculated using 27 different equations. Differences between variables were analyzed using appropriate t-tests and their nonparametric counterparts. The Bland-Altman test was used to assess the types of differences between measured REE (mREE) and predicted REE (pREE).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The examined patients (<em>n</em> = 71, 73.2% male) had a mean age of 63.99 ± 11.42 years and a BMI of 22.84 ± 3.59 kg/m². The most common diagnosis was malignant tongue cancer. Most patients had stage III cancer. Treatment included surgery combined with radiotherapy or only chemoradiotherapy in most cases. The median duration of treatment and HEN was 206 days and 97 days, respectively. Men had a significantly higher REE than women. The Owen, Fredrix, Ireton–Jones, Korth, Weijs–Kruizenga, and Marra_w,h equations estimated REE without significant statistical differences from IC and showed the smallest percentage error between pREE and mREE. The Korth equation had the smallest average mean difference between pREE and mREE, reducing the REE value average by 7 ± 274 kcal/day. The highest percentage of individual accurate predictions for pREE was obtained with the Fredrix (48%), Weijs–Kruizenga (48%), Korth (45%), and Marra_PhA (45%) equations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><div>The predictive equations examined in this study cannot replace IC for determining REE in HNC patients at the individual level. When equations are used, special attention should be given to planning HEN to account for possible discrepancies between pREE and mREE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking insights: Using machine learning to identify wasting and risk factors in Egyptian children under 5","authors":"Abdelaziz Hendy ,&nbsp;Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem ,&nbsp;Hosny Maher Sultan ,&nbsp;Shorok Hamed Alahmedi ,&nbsp;Rasha Kadri Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Eman Mohamed Ebrahim Abdelrazek ,&nbsp;Masani Abdelbagi Ahmed Elmahdy ,&nbsp;Ahmed Hendy","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Malnutrition, particularly wasting, continues to be a significant public health issue among children under five years in Egypt. Despite global advancements in child health, the prevalence of wasting remains a critical concern. This study employs machine learning techniques to identify and analyze the determinants of wasting in this population<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To evaluate the prevalence of wasting among children under five years in Egypt and identify key factors associated with wasting using machine learning models.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study is based on secondary data sourced from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), conducted in 2005, 2008, and 2014. Six machine learning classifiers (XGBoost, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Decision Tree) were applied to the dataset. The study included children under five years of age, focusing on nutritional status, maternal health, and socio-economic factors. The dataset was cleaned, preprocessed, encoded using one-hot encoding, and split into training (70%) and test (30%) sets. Additionally, k-fold cross-validation and the StandardScaler function from Scikit-learn were used. Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and ROC-AUC were used to evaluate and compare the algorithms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>It was observed that 76.2% of the children in the dataset have normal nutritional status. Furthermore, 5.2% were found to be suffering from wasting (1.7% experiencing severe wasting and 3.5% moderate wasting), with notable regional disparities. The XGBoost model outperformed other models. Its efficiency metrics include an accuracy of 94.8%, precision of 94.7%, recall of 94.7%, F1 score of 94.7%, and an ROC-AUC of 99.4%. These results indicate that XGBoost was highly effective in predicting wasting.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Machine learning techniques, particularly XGBoost, show significant potential for improving the classification of nutritional status and addressing wasting among children in Egypt. However, the limitations in simpler models highlight the need for further research to refine predictive tools and develop targeted interventions. Addressing the identified determinants of wasting can contribute to more effective public health strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112631"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the cost and affordability of nutritious and sustainable food baskets by zone of Iran: 2016–2019","authors":"Fatemeh Aghaalikhani ,&nbsp;Arezoo Rezazadeh ,&nbsp;Hassan Eini-Zinab ,&nbsp;Seyyed Reza Sobhani","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112626","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background &amp; aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sustainable diets are characterized by being culturally acceptable, economically fair, affordable and accessible to all, nutritionally sufficient, safe and healthy, and are efficient in their utilization of human and other natural resources. The aim of the present study was to determine the difference in the cost and affordability of providing nutritious and sustainable food baskets in different zones of Iran 2016 through 2019.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Material &amp; methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this repeated cross-sectional study, the expenditure and income data of 128,716 Iranian households that participated in the “Household Income and Expenditure Survey” 2016 through 2019 were used. The data were categorized into 11 zones according to the zone classification of the previous National Integrated Micronutrient Survey. The sustainable and nutritious food baskets were modeled using linear programming and ideal programming. The cost of the baskets was calculated by summing the average price of each food item based on the amount (in grams) of each item in the food basket. Affordability was estimated based on the total cost of each basket compared to the average monthly disposable income of the household. Data were analyzed using R software (version 4.3.0). One-way analysis of variance and posthoc statistical tests were used to compare the difference between the average cost and affordability of food baskets in different zones.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In all zones, the cost of a nutritious food basket was higher than the cost of a current food basket, and the cost of a sustainable food basket was lower than the cost of receiving the current food basket. The highest cost of current and sustainable food basket was in Zone 1 (93001.89 and 73290.27 Rials, respectively) and the lowest cost of those baskets was in Zone 10 (81484.38 and 63655.62 Rials, respectively). As for the nutritious food basket, the highest cost basket was seen in Zone 1 (116277.05 Rials), but the lowest cost one was in Zone 3 (29210.98 Rials). In terms of affordability, for all three food baskets, households in Zone 5 had the highest (74.34%, 57.49%, and 92.12%, respectively) and households in Zone 8 had the lowest (24.28%, 19.20%, and 30.00%, respectively) percentage of income spent on preparing food baskets.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The findings indicate that, overall, in all different zones of Iran, the cost of the nutritious and sustainable food basket was higher and lower than the current food basket, respectively. Regarding affordability, households in Zone 5 allocated the largest percentage of their income to preparing food baskets. These findings emphasize the importance of future planning and policy implementation focused on food support, particularly in drought-affected and deprived zones. Additionally, targeted interventions could focus on enhancing the affordability of the nutritious and sustainable food basket for vul","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of Δ5- and Δ6-desaturases in the brain-liver axis","authors":"Jessica Zúñiga-Hernández ,&nbsp;Camila Farias ,&nbsp;Alejandra Espinosa ,&nbsp;Lorena Mercado ,&nbsp;Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre ,&nbsp;Andrea del Campo ,&nbsp;Paola Illesca ,&nbsp;Luis A. Videla ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Valenzuela","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Obesity is associated with liver depletion of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAS) promoting steatosis and inflammation, whose levels are maintained by diet or biosynthesis involving Δ-5D, Δ-6D desaturases and elongases.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We aimed to assess Δ-5D and Δ-6D activities in liver and brain from mice fed a control diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for four to sixteen weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HFD led to (1) an early (4 weeks) enhancement in liver Δ-5D, Δ-6D, and PPAR-α activities, without changes in oxidative stress, liver damage or fat accumulation; (2) a latter progressive loss in hepatic desaturation with insufficient compensatory increases in mRNA and protein expression, leading to ω-3 PUFA depletion, PPAR-α down-regulation reducing FA oxidation, and liver steatosis with enhancement in lipogenesis; and (3) brain ω-3 PUFA depletion after 12 to 16 weeks of HFD feeding.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, the brain-liver axis is drastically affected by obesity in a time dependent fashion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and sarcopenia in American adults aged 45 and older","authors":"Wenjun Hao M.D., M.Phil. ,&nbsp;Xiajie Huang M.D, M.Phil. ,&nbsp;Rongyuan Liang M.D., M.Phil. ,&nbsp;Chaoquan Yang M.D., M.Phil. ,&nbsp;Zhiling Huang M.D., M.Phil. ,&nbsp;Yeping Chen M.D., M.Phil. ,&nbsp;William W. Lu Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yan Chen M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Nutrition is closely related to the occurrence of sarcopenia. Evidence shows that sarcopenia has a serious impact on population health and the social economy. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a useful prognostic predictor for several chronic diseases. Our original intention was to investigate whether GNRI correlates with sarcopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 4,709 adults aged 45 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2018 in this cross-sectional study. According to the level of GNRI, they were categorized into High-GNRI and Low-GNRI groups, while sarcopenia was assessed using skeletal muscle index. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to investigate the independent relevance between the GNRI and the prevalence of sarcopenia. We examined the linear or nonlinear relevance between GNRI and sarcopenia using the Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) curve, and the threshold effect was analyzed. We explored whether some specific populations are more susceptible to GNRI affecting the occurrence of sarcopenia through subgroup analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The incidence of sarcopenia was substantially reduced in the High-GNRI group (17.7% vs. 13.2%; <em>p</em> = 0.013). We found that GNRI is an essential predictor of sarcopenia (OR: 0.57; 95%CI: 0.41–0.79; <em>p</em> = 0.001). The occurrence of sarcopenia was reduced by increasing GNRI. Subgroup analysis showed that some specific populations were more susceptible to GNRI, which reduced the incidence of sarcopenia in individuals. These populations included high school graduates and above (<em>p</em> = 0.006), non-Hispanic white (<em>p</em> = 0.045), married or living with a partner (<em>p</em> = 0.03), and non-diabetic (<em>p</em> = 0.021). The RCS curve showed a non-linear inverse relevance between GNRI and sarcopenia (non-linear <em>p</em> = 0.033), with a threshold identified at GNRI = 91.935.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>GNRI is a reliable predictor of sarcopenia in Americans aged 45 and older, with a nonlinear inverse relationship identified at a threshold GNRI of 91.935.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value and model construction of preoperative nutritional indexes for postoperative leakage in gastric cancer","authors":"Yi Liao M.D. ,&nbsp;Li Lv M.B.B.S. ,&nbsp;Feizhi Lin M.B.B.S. ,&nbsp;Weiyao Li M.D. ,&nbsp;Xiang Ji M.Med ,&nbsp;Ziru Liu M.B.B.S. ,&nbsp;Yuhang Han M.B.B.S. ,&nbsp;Zuli Yang M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to explore the predictive significance of the nutritional indexes in the occurrence of postoperative leakage after gastrectomy, aiming to develop and validate a predictive nomogram for assessing the risk of these complications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer were studied, using data from The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (2019–2022, n = 1075) for nomogram development and an external cohort from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (2022, n = 286) for validation. The model, focusing on postoperative leakage, was constructed through univariate and backward stepwise regression. The performance of nomogram was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plots, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curves (CIC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The incidence rates of postoperative leakage were 6.51% in the training cohort and 6.71% in the external validation cohort, respectively. The nomogram effectively identifies critical factors influencing postoperative leakage risk, including NRS-2002 score, SFMAI, VSR, blood loss, intraoperative time, type of reconstruction, and Lauren type. The areas under the curve (AUC) for the development and external validation cohorts were 0.763 and 0.761, respectively, demonstrating acceptable predictive accuracy. The validation study showed the nomogram's satisfactory calibration, and both DCA and CIC confirmed its significant clinical utility.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The nomogram offers an efficient and precise tool for initial screening, effectively identifying individuals at elevated risk for postoperative leakage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112630"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary antioxidant capacity and sarcopenia: A study from US population","authors":"Yinshuang Yao M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Jiazhen Yao M.P.H., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Dongliang Tang M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Hexing Wang M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Haifeng Zhang M.P.H., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Junlan Qiu M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Shu M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore how dietary antioxidant capacity (DAC) affects sarcopenia in American adults and further evaluate the impact of meal timing and antioxidant-rich foods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This analysis used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018. The main exposure variables were DAC (Total, Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, Breakfast &amp; Lunch, Breakfast &amp; Dinner and Lunch &amp; Dinner), and specific antioxidant components (vitamins A, vitamins E, selenium, total carotenoids, zinc, and selenium). The outcome was sarcopenia and its components. Associations were evaluated using weighted generalized linear models and restricted cubic spline regression (RCS). Models were adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and health factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 9,436 NHANES participants, representing 111.5 million noninstitutionalized US residents (mean age, 38.9 ± 11.5 years; 50.9% female; 34.33% non-Hispanic white; 21.26% non-Hispanic black; and 20.01% Mexican American). There was a negative correlation between Total DAC and sarcopenia. According to meal time, eating more antioxidant foods at lunch time could reduce the risk of sarcopenia. According to the classification of food, it was further found that DAC in oils had a protective effect on sarcopenia. Increased intake of vitamins A, E, and selenium was associated with a lower sarcopenia risk. Subgroup analysis additionally observed a significant interaction between drinking status and DAC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A higher DAC diet may protect against sarcopenia, especially through the intake of vitamins A, E, selenium, and oils during lunch. This increased DAC is also linked to improved handgrip strength, a critical factor in sarcopenia. However, further research is required to validate these associations and explore additional influencing factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}