Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana最新文献

{"title":"SIMULTANEOUS SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CONGENITAL BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE AND GASTRIC CANCER: A CASE REPORT","authors":"A. Abdikarimov, A. Bashabayev","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-4-70-23-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-4-70-23-27","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract and the fifth leading cause in overall cancer statistics. Diseases of the cardiovascular system are the leading cause of death worldwide. A high prevalence of both diseases increases the chances of their co-morbidity. The article aimed present a case where a patient undergoes two simultaneous procedures for two diseases and discuss possible surgical tactics, advantages, and disadvantages. Results: In this case report, we present simultaneous surgical procedures performed on a 49-year-old male with a history of congenital bicuspid aortic valve and gastric cancer, found incidentally on upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Since the patient was a good fit, he qualified for simultaneous surgery on the heart and abdomen. The surgery results were good, and the patient was discharged 8 days after surgery. Conclusion: Performing simultaneous surgery for both the abdomen and heart can be a safe procedure that allows people with malignant diseases to receive adjuvant therapy faster by minimizing the interval between surgeries.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT FOR EARLY COLORECTAL CANCER","authors":"K. Batyrbekov, A. Galiakbarova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-4-70-34-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-4-70-34-38","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: In recent years, significant breakthroughs have occurred in the endoscopic treatment of cancerous and precancerous lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a simple and effective method of treating most benign gastrointestinal tract lesions. However, with the introduction of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and full-thickness endoscopic resection (EFTR), the ЛЕЧЕНИЕ 38 Онкология и Радиология Казахстана, №4 (70) 2023 volume of lesions subject to endoscopic treatment has significantly expanded even in the colon. Currently, these methods are regularly used not only for the treatment of benign tumors but also for complex resection of early stages of colorectal cancer. For the first time in Kazakhstan, the presented article analyzed the cases of endoscopic removal of epithelial formations of the large intestine performed at an oncological clinic from 2020 to 2023. The aim was to evaluate the use of endoscopic treatment of early colorectal cancer. Methods: The article presents a retrospective analysis of 68 cases of endoscopic removal of epithelial formations of the colon performed from 2020 to 2023 at the Center of Expert Endoscopy and Interventional Radiology of the National Scientific Cancer Center (Astana, Kazakhstan). Results: In 2020-2023, 68 endoscopic extractions of colon tumors were performed, including 25 outpatient and 43 inpatient manipulations. Out of 43 inpatient cases, endoscopic dissection in the submucosal layer was performed in 9 cases, and endoscopic mucosal resection of tumors of the large intestine was performed in 34 cases. Morphologically, we found hyperplastic polyps in 11 cases, lipomas in 2 cases, tubulovillous adenomas with mild dysplasia – 43 cases, tubulovillous adenomas with severe dysplasia – 11 cases, carcinoma in situ – 3 cases, and adenocarcinoma with invasion – 3 cases. Conclusion: When detecting benign neoplasms with dysplasia and early colorectal cancer, minimally invasive technologies (EMR, ESD, EFTR) should be the first preferred treatment method and only if they cannot be performed and there is a high risk of invasion into the underlying layers, and therefore, if endoscopic treatment is not radical, clinicians should choose surgical radical treatment. Patients should be informed about the availability of the latest methods of local treatment in the Republic through the financing of the Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund (CMIF)","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE RESULTS OF THE JAPANESE GASTRIC CANCER SOCIETY MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION ADAPTATION FOR THE KAZAKH POPULATION","authors":"S. Menbayev, E. Izhanov, D. Kaidarova, T. Goncharova, E. Saparova, T. Belikhina, A. Borombayev, R. Raskaliev, A. Kabdrakhieva, K. Soltangazin, E. Nasibullin","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-4-70-12-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-4-70-12-17","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Gastric cancer (GC) morbidity is growing in Kazakhstan every year. In 2022, 2 915 new GC cases were detected (15 per 100,000 population), making GC the third most common cancer. The early detection rate of GC does not exceed 10-20%, and advanced forms of GC are over 40%. Mortality increases in the first year after the diagnosis (up to 40%). The best way of solving early detection of gastric cancer is carrying out diagnostics at the stage of pre-tumor stomach diseases. Timely diagnosis and treatment of surgical and borderline diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract (metaplastic and dysplastic changes in the mucous ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ Онкология и Радиология Казахстана, №4 (70) 2023 17 membrane of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum and adenocarcinomas and early cancer arising against this background) are a complex medical and social problem. Endoscopic methods for diagnosing esophagus, stomach, and duodenum diseases are the most highly informative nowadays. However, precancerous changes (atrophy, metaplasia, and dysplasia) in conventional endoscopic examination may not have specific features. It is necessary to improve the results of endoscopic diagnosis. The chromoscopy method may be one of the methods used to identify precancerous pathology and GC methods. The study aimed to increase the efficiency of gastric cancer early detection by adapting the morphological classification of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Society (JGCA) for the Kazakh population. Methods: We conducted endoscopic studies of 500 residents of the Republic of Kazakhstan using chromoscopy and morphological studies of the biopsy obtained during endoscopic examination. These patients had digestive system problems but previously did not have a GC diagnosis. We formed the risk groups according to JGCA (editions 13th and 14th). Results: We identified 3(0.6%) morbidity of severe dysplasia according to the results of 500 patients’ biopsy samples morphological study. This morphological structure is classified as a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. We recommended a surgical treatment for identified patients. Conclusion: The identified cases of obligate pre-cancer with an extremely high probability of degeneration into a malignant neoplasm prove the importance of using JGCA for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer and allow us to recommend the use of chromoscopy in stomach endoscopic examination.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA DOUBLE-STRANDED BREAKS AND REPAIRS IN ACUTE LEUKEMIA","authors":"M. Bulegenova, A. Dunayeva, S. Saliyeva, A. Uskenbayeva","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-22-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-22-27","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Double-strand Relevance: Errors in the damage repair system, such as double-stranded DNA breaks, can lead to mutations that will be passed on to subsequent generations of cells, and some of these mutations may have oncogenic potential. \u0000The study aimed to evaluate the number of double-stranded breaks and DNA repairs of peripheral blood lymphocytes in a group of conditionally healthy children and in patients diagnosed with acute leukemia (AL) to develop a method for predicting the outcome of the disease and determining the effectiveness of therapy. \u0000Methods: peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied: a) 38 conditionally healthy children (control group); b) 100 patients diagnosed with acute leukemia (AL); c) 14 children with relapse of the disease. Double-stranded DNA breaks/repairs were examined using the Aklides system (MEDIPAN, Germany), consisting of a fluorescent analyzer and the AKLIDES Nuk software. \u0000Results: In patients with T-lymphoblastic leukemia, both at admission and the end of Day 7 at the hospital, the number of 53BPI repair foci was, on average, three times higher than the number of DNA damages. In most cases, the ratio of breaks/repairs indicators during treatment did not change among patients with B-line leukemia. Double-stranded DNA breaks prevailed over repairs, with the newly established disease on the 7th, 15th day, and 3rd month of treatment. \u0000Overall, 22 samples were tested using RT-PCR, and results were considered as follows:1 (4%) – positive, 13 (59%) – negative, 8 (37%) -– invalid. \u0000Conclusion: The level of lymphocyte DNA damage in patients with B-ALL was higher than expected. In addition, the ratio of double-strand breaks to repairs remained unchanged at all stages of therapy in patients with B-ALL. The changes we suggest in these patients can be observed during and/or after maintenance therapy. Monitoring double-strand breaks/reparations was the initial step in developing a method of predicting the disease outcome and determining the therapy efficacy. The results obtained are of direct interest and require further research.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78598450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QUANTIFICATION OF DNA DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS IN BENIGN AND MALIGNANT BREAST DISEASES","authors":"G. Smagulova, M. Aitmagambetova, G. V. Veklenko, N. Kereeva, A. Zheksenova, A. Amanzholkyz, A. Tulyaeva, G. Bakytzhanov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-28-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-28-35","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Double-strand DNA breaks are the most dangerous DNA damage. Analysis of foci of phosphorylated histone protein H2AX (γH2AX) is currently the most sensitive method for detecting DNA double-strand breaks. This protein modification can become a biomarker of cellular stress, especially in diagnosing and monitoring neoplastic diseases. In this study, we utilized novel pattern recognition algorithms on the AKLIDES® platform to automatically analyze immunofluorescent images of γH2AX foci and compare the results with visual scores. The γH2AX foci formation on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of women with breast cancer or benign breast tumors was studied. \u0000The article aimed to quantify DNA double-strand breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes in women with breast cancer and benign breast masses to identify a possible biomarker. \u0000Methods: γ-H2AX foci in lymphocytes were analyzed using the automated AKLIDES system in patients with breast cancer (n=29) and benign breast tumors (n=24). \u0000Results: When comparing the indicators of the main and control groups in the channel of ruptures “FITC,” a statistically significant difference was found in the indicators “Foci dia” (p=0.0382), “Focilnt mean” (p=0.0166), “Colocalisation” (p=0.0486). In the repair channel “AРС,” significant differences were found in the indicators “Nuclei BGInt” (p=0.0166) and the indicator “Focilnt mean” (p=0.0118). \u0000Conclusion: The revealed changes of DNA double-strand breaks along the FITC break channels and APC repair between the main and control groups can possibly serve as a breast cancer diagnostic marker.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72659724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CERVICAL CANCER INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY IN ALMATY IN 2005-2022","authors":"N. Izbagambetov, D. Kaidarova, R. Bolatbekova, A. Shinbolatova, T. Valieva, A. Aidarov, G. Bagatova, A. Sarmenova, D. Zhaksylykova, A. Akkasova, A. Yestaeva, A. Satanova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-9-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-9-14","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: In Kazakhstan, the standardized incidence rate of cervical cancer for 2022 was 19 per 100,000 women, and the mortality rate was 5.9 per 100,000 female population. The overall survival of cervical cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2022 was 59.6% (95% CI: 50.7-54.2). Since 2008, in Kazakhstan, there has been a National Screening Program for cervical cancer for women from 30 to 70 years old with an interval of 4 years. Almaty is the largest city in Kazakhstan, with a high incidence and mortality from all types of cancer. \u0000The study aimed to analyze the cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Almaty in 2005-2022. \u0000Methods: Epidemiological analysis of cervical cancer incidence in Almaty for 2005-2022 was provided with analyzing reporting forms of documentation. Statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS v. 23.0 software. \u0000Results: Over the past 18 years (2005 to 2022), there has been an increase in the incidence rate from 16 to 18.3 per 100,000 female population and a consistently high mortality rate, which was 6.6 per 100,000 female population in 2022. In 2005, 108 women with cervical cancer were \u0000identified, of which 70% were patients with the first and second stages. In 2022, 198 cases of cervical cancer were registered, where the first stage \u0000accounts for 56.5%. In recent years, there has been an increase in the frequency of registration of new cases of cervical cancer starting from 30-34 \u0000years old, with a noticeable increase up to 40-44 years old. \u0000Conclusion: The results of this epidemiological study of cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Almaty indicate the need to improve and intensify screening among women of reproductive age, and introduce a vaccination and screening program using HPV testing.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80418477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN BREAST CANCER","authors":"A. Omar, N. Kabildina, E. Kruk, A. Telmanov, Zh. Kabildin","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-53-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-53-58","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Modern treatment of locally advanced breast cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach, including local treatment: surgical and radiotherapy, systemic treatment, and a wide range of medications. The importance of systemic therapy is to improve relapse-free survival based on the control of micrometastases with the potential to spread throughout the body. \u0000Systemic therapy for operable breast cancer includes adjuvant therapy and neoadjuvant therapy. Hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy represent systemic therapy, which can be prescribed individually or in combination. \u0000For the most effective breast cancer treatment, tumors are classified into subtypes depending on the expression of biological markers. The presence of expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and the rate at which tumor cells divide are determined by determining the Ki67. \u0000It is known that neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) has clinical significance in locally advanced and inoperable breast cancer. NCT increases the frequency of organ-preserving operations and the overall survival rate when a complete pathomorphological regression of the tumor (pCR) is achieved. \u0000The study aimed to conduct a literature review of previously published publications on the effectiveness and expediency of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. \u0000Methods: The search and analysis of scientific publications were carried out in the databases Web of Science, Pubmed, and Scopus for ten years, from 2013 to 2023. According to the search, about 3000 articles were found, and 39 sources were left during the selection according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria \u0000Results: Efficiency of NСT depending on different immunophenotypes in breast cancer patients was established. Tumor response was assessed according to RECIST criteria. A complete pathological response was observed more often in more aggressive subtypes of breast cancer – Her2-positive and triple-negative cancer. The relationship between pCR and long-term outcomes – OS and DFS have also been established. \u0000Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a systemic treatment of breast cancer, the main purpose of which is to reduce the size of the tumor for the possibility of performing organ-preserving surgery, as well as to increase the overall and relapse-free survival rates. NCT allows for evaluating the effectiveness of therapy in vivo and using alternative treatment regimens without tu-mor response to the therapy.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90593667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING THE QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM ON A LINEAR ACCELERATOR","authors":"T. Antropova, K. Datbayev, E. Ishkinin, B. Latypova, O. Seitov, Z. Khudaibergenov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-4-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-4-8","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: The article deals with modern problems in the field of ensuring the quality of services provided on linear accelerators from the point of view of the regulatory framework, as well as from the point of view of the frequency of control procedures. The scientific novelty lies in elaborating a linear accelerator quality control program with detailed procedure descriptions and testing frequency recommendations. \u0000The study aimed to – develop and test a set of simple methods for controlling the linear accelerator’s mechanical and dosimetric parameters, which would meet the minimum requirements for high-tech radiation therapy following IAEA and AAPM international recommendations. \u0000Methods: In developing the quality control program for the TrueBeamSTx linear accelerator (Varian, USA) installed at the Almaty Oncological Center (AOC, Kazakhstan), we relied on the recommendations of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), taking into account that intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT, VMAT), stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS, SRT), using image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) will be performed on the accelerator, which imposes more stringent requirements for control of both mechanical and dosimetry characteristics \u0000Results: Over three years of operation, the TrueBeamSTx accelerator shows good stability of mechanical and dosimetric characteristics, verified using systematic tests according to the quality control program developed by the authors of this article. The IAEA/WHO mail dose monitoring program using radiophotoluminescent detectors, implemented in 2019-2022, showed high dosimetric measurements and calculations accuracy of 0.1-1.7%, at a tolerance of 5%. \u0000Conclusion: A quality control program for a high-energy linear accelerator has been developed; the results obtained for all characteristics correspond to the permissible values. The effective and safe use of radiotherapy requires the development of a quality control program for all radiotherapy equipment specifically for each institution and independent verification of the implementation of this program.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77570110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF CRISPR/CAS9 GENE EDITING IN CANCER THERAPY: A LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"D. Abdussadyk, A. Beisenova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-64-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-64-68","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in Kazakhstan, and CRISPR/Cas9 offers possible solutions to treat it. Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is a system bacteria use to cleave foreign in-vaders. This system has been considered promising for cancer therapeutics by allowing researchers to edit cancer cell genes. \u0000The system requires more trials, so it is essential to raise awareness of this technique for stu-dents and potential investors and highlight the current challenges that could be research opportuni-ties for researchers. \u0000The study aimed to analyze and provide up-to-date information from reputable scientific journals on the current use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in cancer therapeutics for medical students and researchers. This research paper also highlights the challenges associated with implementing CRISPR/Cas9 in clinical settings for cancer therapeutics. \u0000Methods: The scientific literature and databases (PubMed and the Nature Journal) were searched and analyzed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in cancer therapy. \u0000Results: The results of this research indicate that scientists should focus on improving the types and structure of the Cas protein as well as the delivery methods, including the non-viral deliv-ery methods (liposome-based particles, hybrid vectors, gold nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles) to contribute to improving the current status of cancer therapeutics. \u0000Conclusion: CRISPR/Cas9 is an important technique that is still fraught with challenges and should be turned into research opportunities. The current challenges include the form and structure of the Cas nuclease, the types of engineering (in vivo vs. ex vivo), and the varieties of delivery methods. Each delivery method type has pros and cons and requires further research. In particular, future studies should focus on non-viral vectors, such as liposome-based particles, extracellular vesi-cles, hybrid vesicles, and gold nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78800910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF MOLECULAR GENETIC DIAGNOSTICS OF PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER BY INTRODUCING ROS1 TESTING IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"O. Shatkovskaya, D. Kaidarova, M. Orazgaliyeva, E. Satbayeva, S. Ossikbayeva, A. Koishibaeva","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-15-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-15-21","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Currently, molecular diagnosis in NSCLC in Kazakhstan includes detection of EGFR, ALK driver mutations status, and PD-L1-status, but not ROS1, what limits the access of patients with this driver mutation to vital therapy. \u0000The study aimed to optimize the methods of molecular genetic diagnosis of patients with NSCLC by introducing ROS1 testing in the Republic of Kazakhstan. \u0000Methods: The biopsy and surgical material of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) fixed in 10% buffered formalin was studied. After the initial morphological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, EGFR, and ALK mutation status determination, EGFR, and ALK-negative tumor assays were sent for further determination of ROS1 mutation status. First, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the Ventana BenchMark Ultra platform using the ROS1 antibody (SP283) and the OptiView DAB Detection Kit imaging system. After that, samples with positive and doubtful IHC results were sent for RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) to confirm the ROS1 mutation status. \u0000Results: A total of 99 tumor samples from patients with EGFR-negative and ALK-negative lung adenocarcinoma were studied by IHC from January 01 till September 30, 2022. The results of IHC staining were assessed as: 0 (negative) – 59 samples, 1+ (negative) – 25 samples, 2+ (doubtful) – 12 samples, 3+ (positive) – 3 samples. Cases with ≥70% immunostaining were considered positive. Samples with an IHC stain score of 2+ (doubtful), 3+ (positive), and a few samples of 1+ were sent for confirmation by PCR. \u0000Overall, 22 samples were tested using RT-PCR, and results were considered as follows:1 (4%) – positive, 13 (59%) – negative, 8 (37%) -– invalid. \u0000Conclusion: A large proportion of positive and questionable results were obtained when determining ROS1 mutation status using IHC, and a large proportion of invalid results during subsequent RT-PCR testing. Choosing methods for nationwide ROS1 implementation, one should evaluate the economics of the methods to be implemented and compare them with a standard validated FISH method.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86539266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}