Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana最新文献

{"title":"INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN APPLYING THE SYSTEM OF PEDIATRIC EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF CRITICAL CONDITIONS IN ONCOLOGICAL CHILDREN: A LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"Ye. Kurakbayev, B. Turdaliyeva, L. Manzhuova, K. Omarova, G. Abdilova, A. Kusainov, S. Saparbayev, V. Schukin","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-69-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-69-75","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Oncological diseases remain the main cause of death in children, increasing the need for intensive care. Hospitalized children suffering from oncological diseases are at high risk for sudden deterioration of their condition, both for the underlying disease and due to infectious complications and the toxic effects of medications. This review highlights information on the Pediatric Early Warning Signs (PEWS) system in oncological patients to detect clinical deterioration promptly. \u0000The study aimed to analyze international literature on the use of pediatric early warning signs (PEWS) for clinical deterioration in pediatric oncology. \u0000Methods: Current literature on using the PEWS of clinical deterioration in pediatric oncology was studied. \u0000Results: The published data show the important role of using the PEWS system in cancer patients for early detection of deterioration of the condition with subsequent provision of emergency medical care. \u0000Conclusion: The analysis of international experience has shown that using the PEWS system in children with oncological diseases is an effective method of early recognition of signs of clinical deterioration, which, in turn, allows the timely initiation of complex intensive therapy.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75033028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DWI CAPACITY IN PROSTATE CANCER DIAGNOSING","authors":"K. Karakoishin, Z. Zholdybay, A. Aynakulova, D. Toleshbaev, G. Muhit, Ye. Ayserbay","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-36-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-36-42","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in men worldwide. Transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) prostate biopsy is the most important diagnostic step, without which a definitive diagnosis cannot be made. Despite this, TRUS-guided prostate biopsy has a high rate of false negatives and is often accompanied by various clinical complications. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is now widely used in routine urological and oncological practice. An element of mpMRI is diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), which is successfully used in detecting and localizing clinically significant prostate cancer. \u0000The study aimed to evaluate the DWI capacity in diagnosing prostate cancer. \u0000Methods: 52 patients, 48-86 years old, with suspected prostate cancer, underwent mpMRI. DWI sequences obtained using T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) were compared with each other and compared with the anatomical structure of the prostate. Suspicious prostate cancer sites were marked as regions of interest, for which an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated. A 12-point TRUS-guided biopsy confirmed the presence or absence of prostate cancer. \u0000Results: When analyzing quantitative measurements, ADC showed low values for cancer in the central gland (transitional zone and central zone) – 0.610±0.157×10-3 mm2/s, p=0.0001, and for cancer in the peripheral zone – 0.651±0.228×10-3 mm2/s, p=0.0004, compared to normal tissue. It was found that the highest sensitivity value (87.5%) is typical for ADC central gland, and the lower value for ADC peripheral zone is 75%. The highest specificity value (90.9%) was observed in ADC peripheral zone, and a lower value in ADC central gland – was 84.1%. \u0000Conclusion: DWI is an effective non-invasive method for detecting and localizing prostate cancer, providing a qualitative (visual) and quantitative assessment of prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80026530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ROLE OF CLINICAL-HEMATOLOGICAL AND CYTOGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS IN THE PROGRAM THERAPY OF B-CELL LEUKEMIA IN CHILDREN IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"L. Manzhuova, G. Tashenova, A. Tulebayeva, E. Sarsekbaev, A. Zhailaubaeva, G. Omarova, D. Yeginbergenova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-43-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-43-52","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: The study of immunological and molecular genetic characteristics of leukemia in children and the influence of biological features of the tumor population of acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) on the effectiveness of therapy is particularly relevant for the Republic of Kazakhstan. \u0000The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of modern program chemotherapy in children depending on the biological characteristics of B-cell leukemias. \u0000Methods: The study analyzed the data of 154 children aged six months to 15 years with primary B-ALL on inpatient treatment at the Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery JSC (Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan) in 2016-2018. When determining events, we were guided by the criteria of the protocols of the ALL-BFM group. \u0000Results: The age groups most exposed to B-ALL were 3-7 years old (43.5%), reflecting the so-called infant peak. In the clinical picture of this type of ALL, intoxication syndrome accompanying the period of manifestation was present in 75.3% of patients. The clinical polymorphism of the debut period determined the most diverse list of diagnoses of “masks.” Damage to organs and systems, in the form of liver failure, was detected in 41 (26.6%) children, with the development of respiratory failure in 12 (7.8%), cardiovascular failure in 5 patients (3.2%), acute kidney injury in 3 (1.9%), CNS damage in 5 (3.2%) patients. With B-ALL, the distribution of immunological variants was determined as follows: B1 – 9 (5.8%), B2 – 123 (79.8%), B3 – 18 (11,7%), B4 – 4 (2,6%) and leukemia of B-cell lymphoma was noted in one (0.6%) patient. From the group of quantitative anomalies, hyperploidy was detected in 12 (7.8%) cases. Among qualitative anomalies, t(12;21) (p13;q22) was determined in 6 (3.9%) patients and was a favorable prognostic factor (remission was recorded). Trisomy of chromosome 21 with Down syndrome in 3 (1.9%) patients with combined anomalies (isochromosome 7, trisomy 4, 6, 15, 17, translocation t(9; 22)(q34;q11) was detected in 1.3%. Translocations t(1;19)(q23;p13.3) in 5.8% and del 9-chromosome defect in 3.2% of cases. \u0000Conclusion: The response to therapy and long-term prognosis are largely determined by biological factors such as cytogenetic features of the tumor, sensitivity to prednisone, as well as the degree of aggressiveness, which manifests itself in the form of pronounced symptoms of lymphoproliferation and hyperleukocytosis. The research has shown the high efficiency of modern ALL-BFM program therapy in children.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75939846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF LIQUID BIOPSY IN CRC: A LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"T. Nasrytdinov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-76-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-76-81","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Liquid biopsy is a modern, quite appropriate, and promising method for diagnosing malignant neoplasms for oncology. The method allows us to determine the level of freely circulating tumor cells – micrometastases, tumor DNA, microRNA, and exosomes in blood plasma- and detect various genetic changes. A literature review of current scientific publications on liquid biopsy techniques, indexed in Medline, PubMed, and Medscape, was carried out as part of the work. \u0000The study aimed to review is to assess the prognostic significance of liquid biopsy, to determine the place of the method in current recommendations, and its expediency from the point of view of the practice. \u0000Methods: The information search was conducted in the Medline, PubMed, and Medscape databases, with a search depth of 8 years. Data from randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were analyzed. The review includes both full-fledged articles in the public domain and abstracts to obtain complete information on the problem. \u0000Results: Liquid biopsy surpasses tissue biopsy in simplicity and speed of research, easy repeatability, and minimal invasiveness, as well as the possibility of dynamic monitoring of progression – the overall clonal transformation of the tumor and the emergence of resistance to treatment. \u0000The disadvantages of this method are low sensitivity, difficulty in correctly interpreting biomarkers and determining their specificity, and high risk of false positive and false negative results due to dormant tumor cells. \u0000Conclusion: At present, the Liquid biopsy method is relevant and in demand, but it needs to be tested on a validated sample of the main population, and in order to achieve effective clinical use, important work needs to be done to standardize both preanalytical and analytical procedures and generalize them for all components of liquid biopsy.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82788561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENDOCRINE TOXICITY OF IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE","authors":"S. Safina, G. Mukhamed’yarova, V. Dimitrieva","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-59-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-2-68-59-63","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Immunological control points significantly changed cancer therapy worldwide after a new class of inhibitor drugs was registered. Based on clinical studies, this type of treatment was associated with better survival in sensitive patients than cytostatic therapy. Checkpoint inhibitors exert their effect by regulating the immune response to malignant cells, blocking the usual inhibitory pathways of T-cell regulation. The receptors of cytotoxic T-lymphocytic antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein (PD-1) or its associated ligand (PD-L-1) are the target of inhibitors. CTLA-4 acts at an early stage of triggering an antigenic response, and PD-1 and PD-L-1 act by modulating interaction with peripheral tissue \u0000However, treatment with checkpoint inhibitors (ICTs) is accompanied by a wide range of immune mediated adverse events associated with the activation of the immune system. Despite the positive effect on survival, side effects with endocrine effects were noted in about 10% of patients. \u0000The study aimed to assess the incidence of immune mediated adverse events from the thyroid gland in clinical practice in patients with different localization of malignant tumors in the first and subsequent lines of therapy with checkpoint inhibitors. \u0000Methods: The study utilized anamnestic, laboratory, and instrumental tests. Laboratory analysis included determining the blood levels of TSH, T3, T4, ACTH, and cortisol. Data analysis was carried out using the Microsoft Excel program. \u0000Results: The frequency of development of immune mediated thyroiditis against the background of therapy with blockers of control points of the immune pathway in our observation was 29%. The debut of thyroid disorders was diagnosed in the first 12-16 weeks of therapy, beginning with hyperthyroidism against the background of thyroid destruction, followed by a transition to persistent hypothyroidism after 1-3 months. \u0000Conclusion: When analyzing the safety profile of ICTs in patients in our study, immune mediated adverse reactions did not differ in frequency and spectrum from world practice. The spectrum of toxicity did not depend on the localization of the tumor. Early diagnosis of thyroid lesions necessary for optimal and effective treatment can be carried out using laboratory tests. Knowing the timing of the development of adverse events during ICT therapy allows timely diagnosing and correcting complications from the thyroid to continue effective therapy.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82184540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENDOSCOPIC REMOVAL OF A RARE LARGE OCCLUSIVE TRACHEAL TUMOR WITH LIMITED TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES","authors":"K. Batyrbekov, A. Galiakbarova, A. Ualikhanov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-1-67-26-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-1-67-26-29","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Tracheal tumors often do not cause symptoms until they grow to a size that causes significant airway obstruction, which is \u0000the reason for the delay in diagnosis. Diagnosis may also be delayed due to non-specific symptoms, such as cough, wheezing, and shortness \u0000of breath, which can occur in other conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The symptoms that appear may \u0000vary depending on the type and location of the tumor. The literature does not sufficiently cover the experience of treating large occlusive \u0000tracheal tumors using segmental tracheal resection, endoscopic treatment, or radiation therapy. In scientific literature, the number of \u0000published studies with long-term results of endoscopic treatment or radiation therapy of such occlusive tracheal tumors is limited, and this \u0000problem requires further study. This article describes the first recorded case of endoscopic removal of a large occlusive tracheal tumor. \u0000The study aimed to show the possibility and effectiveness of endoscopic treatment using a minimum set of endoscopic equipment. \u0000Methods: This article presents a case of successful minimally invasive endoscopic treatment of a large occlusive tracheal tumor. \u0000Results: A large obstructing tumor of the trachea that almost completely blocked the trachea lumen was removed in one block by \u0000endoscopic loop resection. \u0000Conclusion: The presented clinical case describes the experience of successful endoscopic removal of a rare occlusive tumor of the \u0000trachea, which caused shortness of breath at rest and during exercise. For the first time in Kazakhstan, based on the National Scientific \u0000Cancer Center, we performed a unique minimally invasive operation to remove a tracheal tumor, while other clinics offered thoracotomic \u0000surgical resection methods","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91484888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S-DETECT SOFTWARE AS A TOOL FOR ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID LESIONS","authors":"A. Kultaev, I. Zakiryarov, D. Abdieva, A. Imambetova, A. Akhmetbayeva","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-1-67-19-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-1-67-19-25","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common oncological pathology of the endocrine organs. \u0000According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 567,233 new cases of thyroid cancer were registered worldwide in 2018. According to IARC, in 2018, 486 new cases were detected in Kazakhstan, which accounted for 1.4% of all cases in Asian countries. \u0000TC ranks 10th in the overall structure of cancer incidence globally; TC accounts for 3.1% of all cases of primary malignant tumors. Despite the relatively low incidence, the problems of pathogenesis have been extremely relevant in recent decades due to the increasing prevalence of thyroid cancer. \u0000Samsung Medison introduced AI-based S-Detect to improve sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in the differential diagnosis of thyroid masses. \u0000The study aimed to explore the S-Detect program capacities in differential diagnostics of thyroid masses. \u0000Methods: 75 patients with focal lesions in the thyroid gland were examined using the Samsung Medison RS85 ultrasound machine equipped with the S-Detect program; additionally, Doppler and non-Doppler methods were used. \u0000Results: The S-Detect program made it possible to make a correct diagnosis in 97% of patients (73 of 75), which was confirmed by the results of morphological verification (histology, cytology). The sonoelastography method showed correct results in 91% of patients (68 of 75). \u0000Conclusion: The use of the S-Detect program for thyroid examination positively affects the diagnostic value of ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of thyroid masses, increasing the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of diagnosis, as well as avoiding redundant biopsies.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85731115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE VALUE OF METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING ALVEOLAR RHABDOMYOSARCOMA: A CLINICAL CASE","authors":"K. Baktikulova, S. Kurmangalieva, V. Toimanova, A. Zhumasheva, G. Kuatova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-1-67-40-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-1-67-40-45","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Laparoscopic surgery supplies many benefits due to lower postoperative sequelae. Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has become a first-line treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer worldwide. \u0000The study aimed to compare outcomes after traditional laparoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy with modified laparoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy (MLERPE). \u0000Methods: All information about patient treatment for this historical cohort study was obtained from the “Electronic In-patient Registry” of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study included case records of 94 patients who underwent laparoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy from 2017 to 2021. Of them, 45 underwent a modified laparoscopic prostatectomy, and 49 – a traditional laparoscopic prostatectomy. Data are presented as the means ± standard deviation or as frequencies and percentages. Pearson’s Chi-square was used for qualitative data. T-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the means of the two groups. The statistical significance level was 0.05. \u0000Results: We revealed significant differences between the laboratory parameters of both groups after surgery. The mean difference in hemoglobin level between the two groups was 14.04, the mean difference in erythrocyte level was 0.69, the mean difference in leukocyte level was 1.26, and the mean difference in ESR level was 2.01. All differences were statistically significant (p=0.000). We found a statistical difference in the duration of operation and hospital stay between the two groups (p=0.000). \u0000Conclusion: The modified laparoscopic technique avoids adverse worse outcomes such as bleeding, pneumoperitoneum, and decreasing oxygen saturation. This technique is also beneficial in the early postoperative period for excluding peritonitis, and the late postoperative period avoids adhesive processes.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75678849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACCELERATED HIGH-TECH RADIOTHERAPY DURING \u0000THE COVID-19","authors":"Y. Ishkinin, R. Raimbekov, K. Datbayev, A. Goncharova, R. Akhunova, A. Omarova, S. Ossikbayeva, F. Khozhamkul, M. Omirzaq, O. Seitov, Z. Khudaibergenov, N. Omarbayeva","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-1-67-10-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-1-67-10-13","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: COVID-19 impacts the course of cancer depending on the status and volume of cancer patient vaccination against \u0000COVID-19. \u0000The study aimed to assess the impact of accelerated high-tech radiation therapy on the course of the oncological process, depending on the status and volume of COVID-19 vaccinations. \u0000Methods: This quantitative and qualitative prospective randomized controlled scientific study was conducted as part of the implementation of the scientific project, “Innovative approach to managing patients with cancer in the context of the COVID pandemic-19,” \u0000Reg. No. AP13068657. The study involved 221 cancer patients. \u0000Results: COVID-19 was diagnosed in 54/221 (24.4%) of the study participants, 24 (22.4%) in the standard radiotherapy group, and \u000030 (26.3%) in the experimental radiotherapy group. 49/221 (22.2%) of the participants were vaccinated. COVID-19 was detected in \u0000one breast cancer patient in the experimental group (1.5%) two months after vaccination and two patients with prostate cancer (2.4%) \u0000four months after vaccination. Relapse-free survival was registered in 59 (85.5%) breast cancer patients in the standard group and \u000058 (85.3%) in the experimental group. The overall survival of breast cancer patients was 69 (100.0%) in the standard group and 68 \u0000(97.0%) in the experimental group. Relapse-free survival was registered in 32 (84.2%) prostate cancer patients in the standard group \u0000and 41 (89.1%) patients in the experimental group. The overall survival among prostate cancer patients was 34 (89.5%) in the standard \u0000group and 45 (97.8%) in the experimental group. The deaths were not related to COVID-19. The average treatment duration for breast \u0000cancer was less by 12.9 days, with prostate cancer– by 18.2 days. \u0000Conclusion: In Kazakhstan, 4.8% of cancer patients with COVID-19 died in 2020-2021. The use of accelerated high-tech radiotherapy is justified in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination can prevent COVID-19 development in cancer patients","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89928442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UPGRADING OF LAPAROSCOPIC INTERVENTION OF THE PROSTATE GLAND TUMORS","authors":"K. Umurzakov, D. Kaidarova, A. Nurzhanova, D. Saidualiev, A. Khaitmat, S. Sagidullin, G. Shalgumbayeva","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2023-1-67-36-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2023-1-67-36-39","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Laparoscopic surgery supplies many benefits due to lower postoperative sequelae. Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has become a first-line treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer worldwide. \u0000The study aimed to compare outcomes after traditional laparoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy with modified laparoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy (MLERPE). \u0000Methods: All information about patient treatment for this historical cohort study was obtained from the “Electronic In-patient Registry” of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study included case records of 94 patients who underwent laparoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy from 2017 to 2021. Of them, 45 underwent a modified laparoscopic prostatectomy, and 49 – a traditional laparoscopic prostatectomy. Data are presented as the means ± standard deviation or as frequencies and percentages. Pearson’s Chi-square was used for qualitative data. T-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the means of the two groups. The statistical significance level was 0.05. \u0000Results: We revealed significant differences between the laboratory parameters of both groups after surgery. The mean difference in hemoglobin level between the two groups was 14.04, the mean difference in erythrocyte level was 0.69, the mean difference in leukocyte level was 1.26, and the mean difference in ESR level was 2.01. All differences were statistically significant (p=0.000). We found a statistical difference in the duration of operation and hospital stay between the two groups (p=0.000). \u0000Conclusion: The modified laparoscopic technique avoids adverse worse outcomes such as bleeding, pneumoperitoneum, and decreasing oxygen saturation. This technique is also beneficial in the early postoperative period for excluding peritonitis, and the late postoperative period avoids adhesive processes.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77105897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}