Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana最新文献

{"title":"Predicting peritoneal contamination \u0000with enterobacteria producing extendedspectrum beta-lactamases and choosing \u0000empirical antibacterial therapy for \u0000postoperative peritonitis in cancer patients","authors":"I. F. Shishlo, S. Krasny, Yu. N. Dolgina","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2021-2-60-4-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2021-2-60-4-8","url":null,"abstract":"Enterobacteriaceae family microorganisms, \u0000specifically E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, are the most \u0000common activators of postoperative peritonitis in oncology. \u0000Many of these microorganisms produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). The deemed resistance of ESBL-producing \u0000enterobacteria to all β-lactam antibiotics, except for carbapenems, leads to ineffectiveness of empiric antibiotic therapy. \u0000Purpose of the study: To define the risk factors of peritoneal contamination with ESBL-producing enterobacteria for \u0000choosing optimal empirical antibacterial therapy on the example of a specific cancer patient with postoperative peritonitis. \u0000Results: Independent risk factors of peritoneal contamination with ESBL-producing enterobacteria included “the administration of antibiotics for more than three days” (OR 106, \u000095% CI 21.0-537, p<0.001), “two or more relaparotomies” \u0000(OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.32-5.34, p =0.006), and “postoperative \u0000preventive antibiotic treatment” (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.75, \u0000p =0.02). The obtained prognostic model allowed predicting \u0000the infection with ESBL-producing enterobacteria before establishing the postoperative peritonitis microbial etiology. \u0000The model sensitivity was 94.7%, overall predictive accuracy \u0000was 73.1. \u0000Conclusion: Prolonged administration of antibiotics \u0000(3rd-generation cephalosporins and/or fluoroquinolones) after cancer surgery to prevent surgical infections is the main \u0000independent risk factor of peritoneal contamination with \u0000ESBL- producing enterobacteria.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81792000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of dose distribution \u0000to critical organs in radiation therapy \u0000of left breast cancer with respiratory \u0000synchronization","authors":"D. A. Yussupova, A. Savkhatova, M. Zekebayev, А. К. Quatbek","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2021-2-60-27-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2021-2-60-27-31","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Breast cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases. Today, it leads among female cancers. \u0000Patients with left breast cancer undergoing radiation \u0000therapy have a considerable risk of developing cardiovascular diseases caused by ionizing radiation. Various \u0000methods are introduced to reduce the radiation load to \u0000critical organs to ensure compliance with the main radiation therapy principle. One of these methods is radiation \u0000therapy with synchronized breathing, including deep \u0000inspiration breath hold (DIBH). DIBH can significantly reduce the dose load to the heart and the left lung. \u0000The study aimed to compare the radiation load to \u0000the heart and the left lung during radiation therapy for \u0000left breast cancer with free breathing and respiratory synchronization. \u0000Results: During radiation therapy with synchronized \u0000breathing, the average radiation load to the heart is 1.7 \u0000times lower and to the left lung – 1.26 times lower compared to radiation therapy with free breathing. \u0000Conclusion: The study results confirm that respiratory synchronization in radiation therapy for left breast \u0000cancer reduces the dose to the heart and the left lung.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81084249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation therapy services during \u0000the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Е.И. Ишкинин, Р.З. Ибраев, Р.Б. Раймбеков, К.Д. Датбаев, Р.У. Ахунова, К.Б. Раимжанов, А.А. Гончарова, Г.М. Калдарбекова, Ж.Г. Турлыбек, Алматинский Онкологический Центр, Республика Алматы, Казахстан, Y. Ishkinin, R. Z. Ibrayev, K. Datbayev, G. M. Kaldarbekova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2021-2-60-22-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2021-2-60-22-24","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: The outbreak of a new respiratory disease \u0000SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19), reported by China in December 2019, \u0000significantly impacted cancer treatment. However, modern \u0000radiotherapy techniques remain in use during the COVID-19 \u0000pandemics. They include intensive modulated radiation therapy (IMRT, VMAT), image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), stereotactic radiosurgery, and radiotherapy (SRS and SRT). \u0000The research aimed to compare the techniques used and \u0000the throughput of the linear accelerator before and during the \u0000COVID-19 pandemics. \u0000Results: The results were measured during nine months \u0000of operation of Almaty Oncology Center before the pandemic \u0000(April-December 2019) and the similar period during the pandemic in 2020. The amount of high-tech radiotherapy services \u0000provided before and during the COVID-19 pandemic equaled \u0000to (amount of sessions/ number of patients): conformal (3D) \u0000radiotherapy – 6510/335 vs. 6005/286; IGRT – 9171/524 and \u00008977/551; IMRT and VMAT – 4208/190 vs. 5992/287. \u0000The share of more complex methods of radiation therapy \u0000(IMRT, VMAT) has increased from 39.3% of sessions before the \u0000COVID-19 pandemic to 49.9% during the pandemic. The number of SRS and SRT procedures performed/patients served has \u0000also increased from 14/6 to 47/13. \u0000The average amount of services per patient before and \u0000during the COVID-19 pandemic has changed as follows: conformal radiation therapy – from 19.4 sessions to 21.0, IMRT \u0000and VMAT – from 22.1 to 20.9, IGRT – from 17.5 to 16.3. \u0000Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was \u0000no decrease in the amount of radiotherapy services; the use \u0000of more high-tech radiotherapy techniques has increased 1.4 \u0000times.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78548799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital tomosynthesis in breast cancer diagnostics \u0000(literature review)","authors":"D. Suleimenova, A. Ainakulova, Z. Zholdybay","doi":"10.52532/2663-4864-2020-1-55-39-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2020-1-55-39-41","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm among wom-en in our country. Mammography is currently the method of choice in breast can-cer diagnostics. However, it has limitations associated with the imposition of breast \u0000tissue layers, which makes it difficult to identify lesions and leads to a mis-diagnosis. Breast tomosynthesis is a tomographic \u0000technique in which the effect of tissue superimposition is significantly reduced due to layer-by-layer scanning. \u0000The purpose of this study was to review the capacity of tomosynthesis in the di-agnosis of breast cancer. \u0000Results: The combination of tomosynthesis with a synthesized image is the best technology for screening because it offers \u0000the best combination of efficiency and radiation dose. Advantages include greater diagnostic accuracy due to both in-creased \u0000sensitivity and specificity, and a significantly less need for additional mammography projections (targeted mammography, \u0000targeted mammography with magnification). \u0000Conclusions: Tomosynthesis as a diagnostic method significantly exceeds the method of mammography. The higher informative value of the results provided by tomosynthesis reduces the frequency of false-negative and false-positive radio-logical \u0000conclusions.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78361728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of formation and organization \u0000of psycho-social assistance in the cancer service \u0000of the Republic of Kazakhstan","authors":"I. Khussainova","doi":"10.52532/2663-4864-2020-4-58-123-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2020-4-58-123-126","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the specifics of the formation, current status, and organization of psycho-social assistance in the cancer service in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology successfully implements the principle of a multidisciplinary approach, which implies psycho-social assistance as part of the treatment process. The development of psycho-social assistance in the oncological service increases treatment efficacy through the rational use of cancer patients’ internal resources. The psycho-social protection of cancer patients can improve their quality of life and disease prognosis.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84951401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation diagnostics of peripheral primitive \u0000neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) \u0000in children at the Scientific Center \u0000of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery \u0000(Almaty, Kazakhstan)","authors":"U. Ibragimov, S. Sargelov, M. Ensepbaev, A. Taynekova","doi":"10.52532/2663-4864-2020-4-58-36-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2020-4-58-36-40","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (primitive neuroectodermal tumor – PNET) belongs to the group \u0000of malignant tumors that develop from migrating embryonic neural crest cells. PNET includes several nosological forms: Askin’s \u0000tumor, esthesioneuroblastoma, the very peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and Ewing’s sarcoma. PNET accounts for \u00003–9% of all soft tissue tumors and 19% of all soft tissue sarcomas in children. In Europe and the US, PNETs account for 3.4 cases \u0000per year per 1 million children below 15 years; in Kazakhstan – 0.6-1.2 cases per 1 million child population. Rapid tumor growth, \u0000malignancy, and early metastasis to other organs and systems predetermine the PNET’s specific role in oncology. \u0000The purpose of the study was to improve the quality and availability of early sarcoma diagnostics in children at medical \u0000institutions of the general medical network. \u0000Results: 35 cases of peripheral PNET in children were analyzed. The age of the patients was 1.5 to 17 years, the average age – \u00009.3 years. Boys were 1.3 times more than girls. One patient (3.6%) had extra-skeletal tumor localization. Children with stage IIB \u0000prevailed – 46.4% of cases (13 children). \u0000Radiographical differentiation between Ewing’s sarcoma and primary chronic or “healed” (antibiotic) acute hematogenous \u0000osteomyelitis in the initial phase of the process is almost impossible before the extraosseous soft tissue component is formed. \u0000The bone damage process is more often localized in the bone diaphysis and subsequently spreads to its metaphyses. \u0000Conclusion: PNET is more likely to come from the chest wall, so it is advisable to start the X-ray examination from the chest. \u0000In terms of radiation semiotics, PNET is similar to Ewing’s sarcoma and Askin’s tumor; therefore, an additional immunohistochemical study of the tumor tissue is required. An important indirect diagnostic criterion in Ewing’s sarcoma is the predominance of the soft tissue component over the bone manifestations. Extended CT and MRI studies with contrast enhancement \u0000(chest, abdominal cavity, pelvis, and the primary lesion area) and skeletal scintigraphy are required to clarify the extent of \u0000changes, stage the tumor accurately, and assess the tumor dynamics after treatment. The above conclusions generally confirm \u0000the available literature data.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87050124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the history of the development \u0000of mastology service in Kazakhstan","authors":"D. Kaidarova, S. Yessenkulova, U. Zhumashev, T. Sadykovа, A. Djakypbaeva, G. Igissinovа, N. Amanbekov","doi":"10.52532/2663-4864-2020-4-58-105-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2020-4-58-105-106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86780863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the formation and \u0000organization of psychosocial assistance \u0000in the cancer service \u0000of the Republic of Kazakhstan","authors":"I. Khussainova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2020-4-58-123-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2020-4-58-123-126","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the specifics of the formation, current status, and organization of psychosocial assistance in \u0000the cancer service in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology successfully implements \u0000the principle of a multidisciplinary approach, which implies \u0000psychosocial assistance as part of the treatment process. The \u0000development of psychosocial assistance in the oncological \u0000service increases treatment efficacy through the rational use \u0000of cancer patients’ internal resources. The psychosocial protection of cancer patients can improve their quality of life and \u0000disease prognosis.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83787292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The history of oncohematology development \u0000at the Kazakh Institute \u0000of Oncology and Radiology","authors":"R. Karakulov, D. Kaidarova, S. Gabbasova, B. Oryn","doi":"10.52532/2663-4864-2020-4-58-115-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2020-4-58-115-117","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the history of creation and development of the Oncohematology Department at the Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology. For the first time, the authors \u0000talk about the development of oncohematology at the Kazakh \u0000Institute of Oncology and Radiology during the Soviet period in \u0000the USSR and the Kazakh SSR, and later – in independent Kazakhstan. They also describe the role of the institute directors \u0000and the contribution of the department heads at different stages of its history and share information about introducing new \u0000modern methods of diagnosing malignant lymphomas and \u0000new technologies for treating hemoblastosis. The authors also \u0000highlight the current topical problems of oncohematology and \u0000ways to solve them.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79349047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The historical foundations and current status \u0000of diagnostic cytology at the Kazakh Institute \u0000of Oncology and Radiology \u0000(to the 60th anniversary of the Institute)","authors":"J. Eleubaeva","doi":"10.52532/2663-4864-2020-4-58-99-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2020-4-58-99-101","url":null,"abstract":"The article talks about the origins of cytological service \u0000in Kazakhstan and the 60-years’ history of its development \u0000at the Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology (KazIOR). The author describes the merits of the service veterans and their contribution to cytology, sketches the current \u0000state and promising directions of clinical cytology development at KazIOR.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79655815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}