Nutrition reviews最新文献

{"title":"Evidence mapping of clinical practice guidelines on nutritional management for pressure injuries and their quality.","authors":"Ya-Bin Zhang, Qi-Lan Tang, Shui-Yu Wang, Yu-Hua Zhao, Tian-Rui Wu, Jun-Xia Wang","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuad146","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuad146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The safety and efficacy of nutritional management for pressure injuries (PIs) have been the subjects of ongoing interest. Some evidence demonstrated that nutrition is essential for skin and tissue viability, supporting tissue repair for healing the pressure injury.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This investigation aimed to systematically review clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the nutritional management of PIs and furnish an evidence map to assess research trends and CPG gaps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed, Embase, and guidelines databases, and society websites were searched for CPGs for the nutritional management of PIs. The basic recommendations for the nutritional management of PIs, method quality, and reporting CPGs quality were identified and imported into Excel. Four researchers independently elucidated each CPG's quality via the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument and the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) checklist. All bubble charts were generated using Excel software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review included 12 CPGs with a combined 23 recommendations. The nutrition screening and assessment were summarized on the basis of the PI recommendations for 6 major items, 12 items on nutrition management, and 3 on PI education. The assessed CPGs had mixed quality, and the highest score  ± standard deviation based on the clarity of presentation was 83.46 ± 7.62, whereas the lowest mean score based on AGREE II applicability was 53.31 ± 16.90. Field 1 (basic information) in the RIGHT checklist had the greatest reporting rate (68.06%), whereas field 5 (review and quality assurance) had the lowest CPGs quality (41.67%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This investigation furnishes an evidence map and provides new perspectives on the CPGs for the nutritional management of PIs. However, the CPGs included still need improvement, especially in the applicability and editorial independence domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1524-1538"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139074758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-response association between animal protein sources and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Sepide Talebi, Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy, Abed Ghavami, Masoumeh Khalighi Sikaroudi, Sabrina Mai Nielsen, Ali Talebi, Hamed Mohammadi","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuad144","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuad144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>There are contradictory findings about the relationship between various animal protein sources and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of our study was to understand better the associations between total protein, animal protein, and animal protein sources and the risk of developing GDM.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science encompassing the literature up until August 2022. A random-effects model was used to combine the data. For estimating the dose-response curves, a one-stage linear mixed-effects meta-analysis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Data related to the association between animal protein consumption and the risk of GDM in the general population was extracted from prospective cohort studies.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>It was determined that 17 prospective cohort studies with a total of 49 120 participants met the eligibility criteria. It was concluded with high certainty of evidence that there was a significant association between dietary animal protein intake and GDM risk (1.94, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.65, n = 6). Moreover, a higher intake of total protein, total meat, and red meat was positively and significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM. The pooled relative risks of GDM were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.94; n = 3) for a 30 g/d increment in processed meat, 1.68 (95% CI: 1.25, 2.24; n = 2) and 1.94 (95% CI: 1.41, 2.67; n = 4) for a 100 g/d increment in total and red meat, and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.33; n = 4) and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.52; n = 3) for a 5% increment in total protein and animal protein, respectively. GDM had a positive linear association with total protein, animal protein, total meat consumption, and red meat consumption, based on non-linear dose-response analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, consuming more animal protein-rich foods can increase the risk of GDM. The results from the current study need to be validated by other, well-designed prospective studies.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022352303.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1460-1472"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138798199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric and cardiometabolic effects of polyphenols in people with overweight and obesity: an umbrella review.","authors":"Han Shi Jocelyn Chew, Rou Yi Soong, Yu Qing Jolene Teo, Tone Nygaard Flølo, Bryan Chong, Cai Ling Yong, Shi Han Ang, Yishen Ho, Nicholas W S Chew, Jimmy Bok Yan So, Asim Shabbir","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuad163","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuad163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Polyphenols are plant-based compounds with potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-obesogenic properties. However, their effects on health outcomes remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of polyphenols on anthropometric and cardiometabolic markers.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Six electronic databases-namely, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library (reviews only), and Web of Science-were searched for relevant systematic reviews with meta-analyses (SRMAs).</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Three reviewers performed the data extraction via a data-extraction Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>An umbrella review and meta-analysis of existing SRMAs was conducted. Eighteen SRMAs published from 2015 to 2023, representing 445 primary studies and 838 unique effect sizes, were identified. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models with general inverse variance. Polyphenol-containing foods were found to significantly improve weight (-0.36 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.62, 0.77 kg; P < 0.01, I2 = 64.9%), body mass index (-0.25 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.34, -0.17 kg/m2; P < 0.001, I2 = 82.4%), waist circumference (-0.74 cm; 95% CI: -1.34, -0.15 cm; P < 0.01, I2 = 99.3%), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (-1.75 mg/dL; 95% CI: -2.56, -0.94; P < 0.001, I2 = 98.6%), total cholesterol (-1.23 mg/dL; 95% CI: -2.00, -0.46; P = 0.002, I2 = 94.6%), systolic blood pressure (-1.77 mmHg; 95% CI: -1.77, -0.93 mmHg; P < 0.001, I2 = 72.4%), diastolic blood pressure (-1.45 mmHg; 95% CI: -2.09, -0.80 mmHg; P < 0.001, I2 = 61.0%), fat percentage (-0.70%; 95% CI: -1.03, -0.36%; P < 0.001, I2 = 52.6%), fasting blood glucose (-0.18 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.35, -0.01 mg/dL; P = 0.04, I2 = 62.0%), and C-reactive protein (CRP; including high-sensitivity-CRP [hs-CRP]) (-0.2972 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.08 mg/dL; P = 0.01, I2 = 87.9%). No significant changes were found for high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.12 mg/dL; 95% CI: -1.44, 0.69; P = 0.67, I2 = 89.4%) and triglycerides (-1.29 mg/dL; 95% CI: -2.74, 0.16; P = 0.08, I2 = 85.4%). Between-study heterogeneity could be explained by polyphenol subclass differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this umbrella review support the beneficial effects of polyphenols on anthropometric and metabolic markers, but discretion is warranted to determine the clinical significance of the magnitude of the biomarker improvements.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews no. CRD42023420206.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1556-1593"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139425123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in energy and macronutrient intakes during Ramadan fasting: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.","authors":"Dana N Abdelrahim, Salah Eddine El Herrag, Meghit Boumediene Khaled, Hadia Radwan, Farah Naja, Refat Alkurd, Moien A B Khan, Falak Zeb, Katia H AbuShihab, Lana Mahrous, Khaled Obaideen, Faiza Kalam, Frank Granata Iv, Mohamed Madkour, MoezAlIslam E Faris","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuad141","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuad141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Ramadan fasting (RF) is associated with various physiological and metabolic changes among fasting Muslims. However, it remains unclear whether these effects are attributable to changes in meal timing or changes in dietary energy and macronutrient intakes. Furthermore, the literature on the associations between RF, meal timing, and energy and macronutrient intakes is inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review aimed to estimate the effect sizes of RF on energy and macronutrient intakes (carbohydrates, protein, fats, dietary fiber, and water) and determine the effect of different moderators on the examined outcomes.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, ProQuest Medical, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to January 31, 2022.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>The studies that assessed energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, and water intakes pre- and post-fasting were extracted.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Of the 4776 identified studies, 85 relevant studies (n = 4594 participants aged 9-85 y) were selected. The effect sizes for the studied variables were as follows: energy (number of studies [K] = 80, n = 3343 participants; mean difference [MD]: -142.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -215.19, -69.71), carbohydrates (K = 75, n = 3111; MD: -23.90; 95% CI: -36.42, -11.38), protein (K = 74, n = 3108; MD: -4.21; 95% CI: -7.34, -1.07), fats (K = 73, n = 3058; MD: -2.03; 95% CI: -5.73, 1.67), fiber (K = 16, n = 1198; MD: 0.47; 95% CI: -1.44, 2.39), and water (K = 17, n = 772; MD: -350.80; 95% CI: -618.09, 83.50). Subgroup analyses showed age significantly moderated the 6 dietary outcomes, and physical activity significantly moderated water intake. There were significant reductions in energy, carbohydrate, and protein intakes during RF.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The change in meal timing rather than quantitative dietary intake may explain various physiological and health effects associated with RF.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1482-1513"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138176948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy Actions Required to Improve Nutrition for Brain Health.","authors":"Suzanne Higgs, Kristien Aarts, Roger A H Adan, Jan K Buitelaar, Francesca Cirulli, John F Cryan, Suzanne L Dickson, Aniko Korosi, Eline M van der Beek, Louise Dye","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain health is a pressing global concern. Poor diet quality is a recognized major environmental risk factor for brain disorders and one of the few that is modifiable. There is substantial evidence that nutrition impacts brain development and brain health across the life course. So why then is the full potential of nutrition not utilized to improve brain function? This commentary, which is based on discussions of the European Brain Research Area BRAINFOOD cluster, aims to highlight the most urgent research priorities concerning the evidence base in the area of nutrition and brain health and identifies 3 major issues that need to be addressed: (1) increase causal and mechanistic evidence on the link between nutrition and brain health, (2) produce effective messages/education concerning the role of food for brain health, and (3) provide funding to support collaborative working across diverse stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Subsidies for Healthy Foods on Food Purchasing Behaviors, Consumption Patterns, and Obesity/Overweight: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Luma de Oliveira Comini, Sílvia Oliveira Lopes, Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha, Maria Micheliana da Costa Silva, Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Taxing unhealthy foods and drinks is an essential measure against the double burden of malnutrition that affects every nation worldwide. In turn, subsidizing the consumption of healthy foods can also be a critical measure for changing the population's behavior and improving health indicators.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>A systematic review was conducted of food subsidies and their potential impact on food purchases, consumption, overweight/obesity, and changes in body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The PubMed, Embase, LILAC, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify studies investigating the effects of subsidies on the amount of food purchased, food consumption, caloric intake, nutrient intake, and their impact on overweight, obesity, and BMI changes. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two investigators independently performed data screening, extraction, and quality assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 6135 studies screened, 149 were read in full and 18 were included in this systematic review. Most studies investigated the effects of subsidy scenarios on food purchases and observed increases in fruit and vegetable (F&V) purchases when these were subsidized. In randomized controlled studies, subsidized healthy foods were purchased more often. However, when the subsidy was suspended, F&V consumption decreased. Although quasi-experimental studies have demonstrated increased F&V consumption due to subsidies, some studies showed increased saturated fat and sodium intake. Only 2 studies evaluated the relationship between subsidies and obesity, yielding conflicting results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the subsidies appear to encourage purchase and consumption of healthier foods, enhancing the quality and diversity of dietary choices, the removal of subsidies can lead to a decline in the consumption of healthier foods. Additionally, their impact on obesity and BMI remains uncertain and requires further research.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration by the number CRD42023442122.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies Comparing Baseline Vitamin D in Children with JIA to Individuals Without.","authors":"Kathleen Zang, Resham Bhatia, Elizabeth Xue, Kalia J Bennett, Katherine H Luo, Monali S Malvankar-Mehta","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae148","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The varying interactions contributing to the development of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) drive the struggle to understand its etiology. Among the environmental risk factors, vitamin D has been posited to have a component in disease progression, acting as an inflammatory mediator.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, indicative of vitamin D, among patients diagnosed with JIA compared with control participants. The aim was to elucidate potential therapeutic implications of vitamin D in the management of JIA.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic search of 6 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) was performed until February 2023. Inclusion criteria required participants to be <16 years old (either clinically diagnosed with JIA or a matched control participant), with vitamin D levels measured through serum laboratory methods. Exclusion criteria omitted studies in which participants used vitamin D supplementation or medications affecting vitamin D levels without corresponding statistical analyses on their association with vitamin D levels.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Each article was reviewed by at least 2 independent reviewers to assess eligibility for analysis.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Data were qualitatively analyzed to compare means of serum 25(OH)D levels (ng/mL) between patients with JIA and control participants, followed by a meta-analysis to obtain effect size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten eligible studies were included qualitatively, and eight were included in the meta-analysis. Seven studies found a statistically significant difference in vitamin D levels between control participants and patients with JIA, with five of these reporting a lower mean vitamin D level in patients with JIA. A random-effects model using standardized mean difference found a statistically significant difference in vitamin D levels between control participants and patients with JIA (-0.49; 95% CI, -0.92 to -0.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings from the analysis indicate vitamin D levels were lower in patients with JIA as compared with healthy control participants at baseline. It is recommended that research into vitamin D supplementation and JIA should be conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Algae Supplementation on Anthropometric Indices in Adults: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Shervin Kazeminejad, Pishva Arzhang, Mohammadreza Moradi Baniasadi, Alireza Hatami, Leila Azadbakht","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Inconsistent results have been reported regarding the effects of different types of algae, such as Spirulina and Chlorella, on anthropometric indices.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of algae supplementation on anthropometric indices.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A comprehensive systematic search was conducted to find relevant articles published from January 1990 to January 2024.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing algae supplementation with a placebo or control group were included. The risk of bias and certainty of the evidence were evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology, respectively. The random-effects model was used to find the Weighted mean differences (WMDs) for each outcome.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Of 9079 distinct articles in the initial screening, 61 clinical trials were included in this meta-analysis. Algae supplementation resulted in lower body mass index (WMD, -0.27 kg/m2 (95% CI, -0.42 to -0.13); GRADE rating, low), body weight (WMD: -0.78 kg [-1.18 to -0.38]; GRADE rating, low), waist circumference (WMD, -0.68 cm [-1.27 to -0.10]; GRADE rating, very low), kilograms of body fat (WMD, -0.65 kg [-1.13 to -0.17]; GRADE rating, low), and body fat percentage (WMD, -0.9% [-1.62 to -0.17]; GRADE rating, very low) compared with placebo or controls. Nevertheless, the statistically significant effects of algae supplementation on hip circumference (WMD, -0.20 cm [-0.73 to 0.32]; GRADE rating, moderate), waist to hip ratio (WMD, -0.01 [-0.01 to 0.00]; GRADE rating, moderate), and lean body mass (WMD, -0.30 kg [-0.62 to 0.02]; GRADE rating, moderate) were not observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the findings of this meta-analysis indicate supplementation with algae may exert beneficial effects on anthropometric indices. However, due to between-studies heterogeneity and very low to low levels of GRADE for significant outcomes, the results should be interpreted with caution.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024522923.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronutrients, Vitamin D, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Causal Inference Studies.","authors":"Ángela Alcalá-Santiago, Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco, María-José Sánchez, Ángel Gil, Belén García-Villanova, Esther Molina-Montes","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Experimental and observational studies suggest that circulating micronutrients, including vitamin D (VD), may increase COVID-19 risk and its associated outcomes. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies provide valuable insight into the causal relationship between an exposure and disease outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of causal inference studies that apply MR approaches to assess the role of these micronutrients, particularly VD, in COVID-19 risk, infection severity, and related inflammatory markers.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Searches (up to July 2023) were conducted in 4 databases.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and analysis: </strong>The quality of the studies was evaluated based on the MR-STROBE guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted where possible.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 28 studies (2 overlapped) including 12 on micronutrients (8 on VD) and COVID-19, 4 on micronutrients (all on VD) and inflammation, and 12 on inflammatory markers and COVID-19. Some of these studies reported significant causal associations between VD or other micronutrients (vitamin C, vitamin B6, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, and magnesium) and COVID-19 outcomes. Associations in terms of causality were also nonsignificant with regard to inflammation-related markers, except for VD levels below 25 nmol/L and C-reactive protein (CRP). Some studies reported causal associations between cytokines, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and other inflammatory markers and COVID-19. Pooled MR estimates showed that VD was not significantly associated with COVID-19 outcomes, whereas ACE2 increased COVID-19 risk (MR odds ratio = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01-1.19) but did not affect hospitalization or severity of the disease. The methodological quality of the studies was high in 13 studies, despite the majority (n = 24) utilizing 2-sample MR and evaluated pleiotropy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MR studies exhibited diversity in their approaches but do not support a causal link between VD/micronutrients and COVID-19 outcomes. Whether inflammation mediates the VD-COVID-19 relationship remains uncertain, and highlights the need to address this aspect in future MR studies exploring micronutrient associations with COVID-19 outcomes.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022328224.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Dietary Creatine Intake in Population Studies: Challenges and Opportunities.","authors":"Sergej M Ostojic","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Limited data exist for establishing the dietary requirements for creatine in the general population. This paper delineates the challenges linked to estimating creatine intake from a typical diet, and explores opportunities to improve the assessment of population-wide creatine intake. Conducting additional food chemistry studies with creatine as a standard analyte, labeling the creatine content in common foods, generating more diverse data from population-based studies, and validating new biomarkers could facilitate the establishment of nutrient reference values for this conditionally essential nutrient.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}