Nutrition reviews最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Supplementation With Different Specificities of Dietary Fiber on Health-Related Indicators in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Mai Xiang, Li Qiao, Qi Han, Yu Zha, Xuemei Sui, Qirong Wang","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae193","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Dietary fiber (DF) exhibits variations in its chemical and physical complexity, as well as in its utilization by the gut microbiota. However, the impact of these differences on the health status of adults with overweight or obesity remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This meta-analysis aimed to explore the varying effects of supplementing with different specificities of DF on the health of adults with overweight or obesity, providing guidance on selecting DF supplementation to improve health status.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The literature search encompassed 4 electronic databases-PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE-and was conducted between January 1, 2012, and November 10, 2023. Randomized controlled trials comparing DF with placebo treatment, without energy restriction, were included.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two independent reviewers extracted data using a standardized form, resolving discrepancies through discussion. The data included study characteristics, participant demographics, DF specifications, and outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Random-effects models and the generic inverse variance method were used to analyze data, assuming varying outcomes based on DF specificity. Meta-regression assessed the impact of population, duration, and dosage. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's and Begg's tests. The analysis included 34 trials (n = 1804) examining DF supplementation at 1.5 to 40 g/day for 3 to 16 weeks. DF supplementation significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 0.13%, fasting insulin by 0.82 μIU/mL, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) by 0.33 in adults with overweight or obesity. Subgroup analyses based on DF specificity revealed differences in effects on HbA1c, fasting insulin, and systolic blood pressure. The low-specificity subgroup showed significant heterogeneity in body weight, body mass index, HbA1c, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR, with a decrease in fasting insulin by 1.09 μIU/mL. The low-to-intermediate-specificity subgroup had reductions in HbA1c by 0.8%, fasting insulin by 2.08 μIU/mL, and HOMA-IR by 0.61. The intermediate-specificity subgroup experienced a 2.85-kg decrease in body weight and a 9.03-mg/dL increase in LDL cholesterol. The mixed subgroup showed an increase in systolic blood pressure by 3.85 mmHg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supplementing with different specificities of DF may have distinct effects on health-related indicators in adults with overweight or obesity. Considering individuals' gut microbiota composition and specific health goals is recommended when selecting DF supplementation for adults with overweight or obesity.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023432920.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1544-e1563"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional and Psychological Support as a Multidisciplinary Coordinated Approach in the Management of Chronic Liver Disease: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Mario Romeo, Marcello Dallio, Marina Cipullo, Annachiara Coppola, Chiara Mazzarella, Simone Mammone, Giorgia Iadanza, Carmine Napolitano, Paolo Vaia, Lorenzo Ventriglia, Alessandro Federico","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review emphasizes a novel, multidisciplinary, coordinated approach in the management of chronic liver diseases (CLDs).</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic liver diseases represent a significant global health burden, marked by a notable shift in the prevalence patterns from virus-related to metabolic and alcohol-related entities. Malnutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia exert a substantial impact on patients with cirrhosis, affecting 75%-90% of cases and escalating as the disease progresses. The European Association for the Study of the Liver recommends a comprehensive approach to nutritional care, emphasizing the need for detailed assessments in patients with cirrhosis, using diverse tools such as computed tomography scans, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and evaluations of muscle function. Considering the prevalence of nutritional and psychological disorders in the CLD population, the treatment of these patients should be founded indispensably on a multidisciplinary approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted of the PubMed, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS databases to identify trials investigating the health effects of nutritional and psychological assessments in patients with CLD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In dealing with the treatment of patients with CLD, an exploration of the psychological domain emerges as crucial, because psychological distress, especially depression, exerts a tangible influence on patient outcomes. Thus, the engagement of psychologists and/or psychotherapists, who might use techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy, could enhance patients' comprehension of nutritional implications in their treatment and make them more aware of their illness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The review emphasizes the relevance of both nutritional and psychological assessments in patients with CLD that could improve patient education on the pivotal role of nutrition in disease management. Randomized controlled trials evaluating the combined impact of nutritional and psychological support are recommended to further investigate this complex clinical landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1327-1343"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Personalized Nutrition Interventions Improve Dietary Intake and Risk Factors in Adults With Elevated Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Victoria Cross, Jordan Stanford, María Gómez-Martín, Clare E Collins, Seaton Robertson, Erin D Clarke","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae149","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Dietary modifications can improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Personalized nutrition (PN) refers to individualized nutrition care based on genetic, phenotypic, medical, behavioral, and/or lifestyle characteristics. PN may be beneficial in improving CVD risk factors, including diet. However, this has not been reviewed previously.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of PN interventions on CVD risk factors and diet in adults at elevated CVD risk.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Six databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published between 2000 and 2023 that tested the impact of PN interventions on CVD risk factors in people at elevated risk.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Risk of bias was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria checklist. Data synthesis of eligible articles included participant characteristics, intervention details, and change in primary CVD risk factor outcomes, including blood pressure (BP), plasma lipids, and CVD risk score, and secondary risk factors, including anthropometric outcomes and diet quality. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to explore weighted mean differences (WMDs) in change or final mean values for studies with comparable data (studies with dietary counseling interventions) for outcomes including BP, blood lipids, and anthropometric measurements.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Of 7676 identified articles, 16 articles representing 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies included between 40 and 563 participants and reported outcomes for CVD risk factors, including hyperlipidemia (n = 5), elevated BP (n = 3), overweight/obesity (n = 1), and multiple risk factors (n = 6). Risk of bias was low. Results suggested potential benefit of PN on systolic BP (WMD: -1.91; 95% CI: -3.51, -0.31 mmHg) and diastolic BP (WMD: -1.49; 95% CI: -2.39, -0.58 mmHg) and dietary intake in individuals at high CVD risk. Results were inconsistent for plasma lipid and anthropometric outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results were promising for PN interventions that used dietary counseling on CVD risk factors in at-risk individuals. However, further evidence for other personalization methods is required, including improving methodological quality and longer study duration in future PN interventions.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>OpenScience Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/SHVWP).</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1709-e1721"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12166176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of the Gut Microbiome in the Development and Progression of Type 2 Diabetes and Liver Disease.","authors":"Asha Guraka, Sreejesh Sreedharan, Ramesh Arasaradnam, Gyan Tripathi, Ali Kermanizadeh","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae172","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and progressive liver disease are 2 of the most significant global health concerns, and they have alarming and ever-increasing prevalence. A growing body of literature has demonstrated a potential multilateral link between gut microbiome dysbiosis and the development and progression of the above-mentioned conditions. Modulation of gut microbial composition from the norm is due to changes in diet allied with external factors such as age, genetics, and environmental changes. In this comprehensive review, we recapitulate the research to date investigating the links between gut microbiome dysbiosis and T2DM or liver disease, with special attention to the importance of diet. Additionally, we review the most commonly used tools and methodologies of investigating changes in the gut microbiome, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each strategy, before introducing a novel in vitro approach to the problem. Finally, the review offers recommendations for future research in this field that will allow better understanding of how the gut microbiota affects disease progression and of the prospects for intestinal microbiota-based therapeutic options.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e2025-e2047"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence and Retention in Early or Late Time-Restricted Eating: A Narrative Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Yi Lin, Armin Ezzati, Christian McLaren, Rola S Zeidan, Stephen D Anton","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae195","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a form of intermittent fasting that involves reducing the time-period in which food is typically consumed daily. While TRE is known to induce health benefits, particularly for adults with obesity, there is currently debate about whether the time of day in which food is consumed also contributes to the health benefits of TRE. Early TRE (eTRE) and late TRE (lTRE) are subtypes of TRE that involve consuming food and caloric beverages either in the early or later part of the day. A growing body of literature indicates that eTRE may offer additional health benefits compared with lTRE. An important and unanswered question, however, is whether most adults can adhere to this type of eating pattern and whether adherence and retention differ between eTRE and lTRE. This narrative review compared adherence and retention in studies that implemented either eTRE or lTRE in adults for 8 weeks or longer. Five databases were searched, and 10 studies met our eligibility criteria. The key finding was that participants had high and comparable levels of adherence and retention in both eTRE and lTRE interventions. Specifically, the mean adherence rate was 81.4% for eTRE and 82.3% for lTRE, while the mean retention rate was 81% for eTRE and 85.8% for lTRE in eligible studies. Thus, the findings support the feasibility of both approaches. The lowest adherence and retention rates occurred in studies in which either eTRE or lTRE regimens were combined with other dietary interventions. Notably, the duration of the eating window did not seem to negatively affect adherence and retention rates for either eTRE or lTRE. More research is warranted to determine the influence of other factors, such as age and study location, on adherence to and retention of both eTRE and lTRE interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e2082-e2092"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12166172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic Data May Support the Development of Personalized Nutrition Approaches to Type 2 Diabetes Management.","authors":"Danielle J Lee, Shragvi Balaji, Jerome I Rotter, Alexis C Wood","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf059","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diet is a major modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), and suboptimal diets continue to contribute substantially to the population burden of T2D. Personalized nutrition proponents argue that specializing recommendations to interindividual differences in diet-health relationships will yield reductions in disease risk. However, how to personalize diet, and to whom, to reduce T2D risk remains unclear. Metabolites offer promise in this respect, as they capture (in part) dietary intake after the processes of digestion, processing, and absorption. The incorporation of metabolite data into diet-health studies therefore offers the opportunity to examine how the effects of food on the metabolome differ between individuals, and the extent that these differences give rise to differential diet-health associations. Ultimately, such studies hold promise for identifying personalized nutrition strategies to reduce the population-level burden of T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1374-1377"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12166166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies Comparing Baseline Vitamin D in Children with JIA to Individuals Without.","authors":"Kathleen Zang, Resham Bhatia, Elizabeth Xue, Kalia J Bennett, Katherine H Luo, Monali S Malvankar-Mehta","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae148","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The varying interactions contributing to the development of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) drive the struggle to understand its etiology. Among the environmental risk factors, vitamin D has been posited to have a component in disease progression, acting as an inflammatory mediator.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, indicative of vitamin D, among patients diagnosed with JIA compared with control participants. The aim was to elucidate potential therapeutic implications of vitamin D in the management of JIA.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic search of 6 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) was performed until February 2023. Inclusion criteria required participants to be <16 years old (either clinically diagnosed with JIA or a matched control participant), with vitamin D levels measured through serum laboratory methods. Exclusion criteria omitted studies in which participants used vitamin D supplementation or medications affecting vitamin D levels without corresponding statistical analyses on their association with vitamin D levels.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Each article was reviewed by at least 2 independent reviewers to assess eligibility for analysis.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Data were qualitatively analyzed to compare means of serum 25(OH)D levels (ng/mL) between patients with JIA and control participants, followed by a meta-analysis to obtain effect size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten eligible studies were included qualitatively, and eight were included in the meta-analysis. Seven studies found a statistically significant difference in vitamin D levels between control participants and patients with JIA, with five of these reporting a lower mean vitamin D level in patients with JIA. A random-effects model using standardized mean difference found a statistically significant difference in vitamin D levels between control participants and patients with JIA (-0.49; 95% CI, -0.92 to -0.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings from the analysis indicate vitamin D levels were lower in patients with JIA as compared with healthy control participants at baseline. It is recommended that research into vitamin D supplementation and JIA should be conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1362-e1371"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12166184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition Among Infants and Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Systematic Scoping Review.","authors":"Francis P Riwa, Kate Odgers-Jewell, Mark A Jones, Andrew A Mushi","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae189","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among infants and children aged 6 months to 5 years in sub-Saharan African countries.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite substantial progress over the past 20 years, undernutrition has remained an alarming global challenge. Sub-Saharan Africa is the only region where the prevalence of stunting in children younger than 5 years has significantly increased. This study seeks to update the evidence on the prevalence and determinants of childhood undernutrition in this vulnerable region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic scoping review was conducted following the 2018 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews. Five electronic databases were searched on December 14, 2022, with no date or language restrictions. Primary studies presenting evidence on the prevalence and determinants of childhood undernutrition among infants and children aged 6 months to 5 years were included. Data on the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight, and on determinants of undernutrition were extracted, described, and compared with national survey data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 59 publications from 11 countries were included, with most studies conducted in Ethiopia (n = 38) and Tanzania (n = 7). Stunting prevalence ranged from 8% to 64%, wasting prevalence ranged from 1% to 58%, and the prevalence of underweight ranged from 2% to 63%. The most frequently reported determinants of undernutrition were the child's age (>24 months), male sex, maternal illiteracy, diarrhea or illness in the past 2 weeks, low household socioeconomic status, or living in a larger household (n > 4 members). Overall, 56% of the included studies reported higher stunting prevalence, 60% reported higher wasting prevalence, and 57% reported a higher prevalence of underweight than reported by relevant national surveys.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of childhood undernutrition reported by primary studies is often higher than that reported by national surveys. Several immediate and underlying determinants influence childhood undernutrition. Future research should incorporate the findings from primary research to develop holistic, multistrategy approaches to address childhood undernutrition in sub-Saharan African countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1896-e1916"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12166183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, Sugar, and Fiber Intake in Association With Breast Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-analysis.","authors":"Hugo Pomares-Millan, Solange M Saxby, Sham Al-Mashadi Dahl, Margaret R Karagas, Michael N Passarelli","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf038","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Several prospective cohort studies have investigated the association between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), dietary sugar, and total dietary fiber intake, with female breast cancer (BC) risk and reported inconsistent results. In the last decade, several large epidemiological studies have investigated these associations, suggesting the need to revisit the current body of evidence.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to update a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by Schlesinger et al in 2017 using recent scientific evidence published since 2015.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Publications indexed in PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library were retrieved from the inception of the database up to January 2024.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed each study's quality.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>A random-effects model was used to estimate summary risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs for a meta-analysis that included 33 publications, with 26 prospective cohort studies cumulatively enrolling 2 212 645 women, among whom 79 777 were diagnosed with incident BC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dietary GI and GL (highest vs lowest exposure intake) were both associated with 5% higher BC risk-RR (95% CI): 1.05 (1.01-1.09; P = .007) and 1.05 (0.97-1.13; P = .24), respectively. No clear associations were observed for sugar and total dietary fiber intake (highest vs lowest exposure intake)-RR (95% CI): 1.12 (0.95-1.11; P = .16) and 0.93 (0.86-1.00; P = .05), respectively. For the latter, the association was more pronounced among premenopausal women (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.68-0.90; P = .0008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis supports a significant positive association between high dietary GI intake and higher risk of BC and a significant inverse association between high dietary fiber intake and lower risk of BC. Interventions promoting a high-fiber and low-sugar diet may be useful components of BC-prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023463143.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1171-1182"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12166174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Mediterranean Diet Supplemented With Olive Oil Versus the Low-Fat Diet on Serum Inflammatory and Endothelial Indexes Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Controlled Trials.","authors":"Behnaz Pourrajab, Danial Fotros, Parastoo Asghari, Farzad Shidfar","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae166","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are important risk factors for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and related mortality.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of 2 popular dietary patterns-a Mediterranean (MED) diet supplemented with olive oil and a low-fat diet (LFD)-on factors related to inflammation and endothelial function in adults.</p><p><strong>Data sources and data extraction: </strong>The following online databases were searched for related studies published until August 7, 2024: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. Two independent researchers selected the studies based on the eligibility criteria.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>The effect sizes were expressed as Hedges' g with 95% CIs. A total of 16 eligible trials with 20 effect sizes were included in the analyses. This meta-analysis revealed that the MED diet supplemented with olive oil significantly improved all of the indicators of the study compared with the LFD, except in the case of E-selectin, in which a low and nonsignificant decrease was reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Available evidence suggests that a MED diet supplemented with olive oil compared with the LFD significantly improves inflammation and serum endothelial function in adults.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023485718.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1421-e1440"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}