npj Climate and Atmospheric Science最新文献_第6页

Shifts of future tropical cyclone genesis date in north atlantic and north pacific basins: an ensemble modeling investigation 北大西洋和北太平洋盆地未来热带气旋形成日期的变化：一个集合模式研究

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01077-x

Dazhi Xi, Hiroyuki Murakami, Ning Lin, Michael Oppenheimer

引用次数: 0

From cause to consequence: examining the historic April 2024 rainstorm in the United Arab Emirates through the lens of climate change 从原因到后果：从气候变化的角度审视阿拉伯联合酋长国2024年4月历史性的暴雨

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01073-1

Diana Francis, Ricardo Fonseca, Narendra Nelli, Charfeddine Cherif, Yesobu Yarragunta, George Zittis, Andries Jan de Vries

引用次数: 0

Adaptive high-resolution mapping of air pollution with a novel implicit 3D representation approach 空气污染的自适应高分辨率映射与一种新的隐式三维表示方法

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01044-6

Ting Zhang, Bo Zheng, Ruqi Huang

{"title":"Adaptive high-resolution mapping of air pollution with a novel implicit 3D representation approach","authors":"Ting Zhang, Bo Zheng, Ruqi Huang","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01044-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01044-6","url":null,"abstract":"Mapping air pollution at high spatial resolution is essential for understanding, managing, and mitigating the adverse impacts of air pollution. Current air pollution monitoring approaches suffer from limited spatial coverage and resolution. Artificial intelligence holds great promise for tackling these challenges, yet its application in air pollution monitoring remains nascent, facing limited transferability regarding low-quality labeled and non-uniform spread data. Here, we introduce Height-Field Signed Distance Function (HF-SDF), an innovative 3D implicit representation, to reconstruct air pollution concentration maps from coarse, incomplete data, which achieves both extensive spatial coverage and fine-scale results with powerful transferability. HF-SDF learns a continuous and transferable mapping model that integrates an auto-decoder network with a geometric constraint, offering flexible resolution. The evaluation uses reanalysis data and satellite observations, reaching accuracy rates of 96% and 91%, respectively. HF-SDF reveals immense promise in advancing air pollution monitoring by offering insights into the spatial heterogeneity of pollution distributions.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AirGPT: pioneering the convergence of conversational AI with atmospheric science AirGPT：引领对话AI与大气科学的融合

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01070-4

Jun Song, Chendong Ma, Maohao Ran

引用次数: 0

Intensifying stratified turbulence and mixing towards the oceanic submesoscale front 面向海洋亚中尺度锋的层状湍流和混合增强

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01069-x

Qunshu Tang, Jianmin Lin, Wen Xu, Zhiyou Jing, Vincent C. H. Tong

{"title":"Intensifying stratified turbulence and mixing towards the oceanic submesoscale front","authors":"Qunshu Tang, Jianmin Lin, Wen Xu, Zhiyou Jing, Vincent C. H. Tong","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01069-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01069-x","url":null,"abstract":"The role of submesoscale processes as the primary energy source for ocean turbulence remains controversial due to observational limitations. Seismic imaging captures multi-scale processes from mesoscale to finescale, allowing us to infer turbulence processes. This study identified hundreds of ~200-m-long high seismic reflection patches, primarily caused by vertical temperature changes, moving at 0.24 ± 0.13 m/s across the deep-reaching front of Bransfield Current, Antarctica. Patch distribution within the main current is uneven, increasing exponentially towards the frontal leading edge. Over 95% of the detected patches are concentrated within 10 km from the frontal leading edge, where elevated Thorpe-scale diffusivity exceeding 10−2 m2/s has been observed hydrographically. These patches may indicate stratified turbulence, including broken internal wave segments, interleaving interfaces, and overturns, which may correspond to wave breaking, frontal instability, and shear instability, respectively. Our findings challenge the recently questioned classical hypothesis that energy cascades directly from internal waves to isotropic turbulence, instead supporting the paradigm of a stratified turbulence stage.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143933482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Declining summer circulation over the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East 地中海东部和中东夏季环流减少

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01072-2

Harikishan Gandham, Hari Prasad Dasari, Thang M. Luong, Raju Attada, Waqar Ul Hassan, Prajeesh Athippatta Gopinathan, Md Saquib Saharwardi, Ibrahim Hoteit

{"title":"Declining summer circulation over the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East","authors":"Harikishan Gandham, Hari Prasad Dasari, Thang M. Luong, Raju Attada, Waqar Ul Hassan, Prajeesh Athippatta Gopinathan, Md Saquib Saharwardi, Ibrahim Hoteit","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01072-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01072-2","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the climatological and interdecadal (1980–2024) variations in summer (June–August) circulation over the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) using ERA5 global atmospheric reanalysis. The EMME summer climate is governed by the evolution of several key atmospheric circulation features: (1) High mean sea level pressure over the eastern Mediterranean (EM), along with a thermal low over the Arabian Peninsula (AP) and, (2) strong subsidence and downward advection of temperature in mid-troposphere centered over the EM, stretching into northern parts of Africa and AP. Diabatic heating released from ISM rainfall induces equatorially trapped westward-propagating Gill-type Rossby wave structure to its west. The interaction of this structure with the midlatitude westerlies gives rise to the aforementioned circulation features over the EMME. Our analysis reveals a substantial decline in the intensity of these circulation features over the study period, indicating an overall weakening of the summer circulation over the EMME. Further investigation points to a marked reduction in the subtropical westerly jet and the underlying westerlies during summer. This weakening may have contributed to reduced subsidence and a further decline in summer circulation strength over the EMME. Consequently, both Etesian winds over the EM and Shamal winds over the northern AP have shown notable declines in their occurrences. The weakened summer wind system has contributed to an abnormal increase in human-perceived temperatures and reduced dust activity.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable development reduces particulate matter emissions and mitigates aging’s cognitive impact 可持续发展减少了颗粒物排放，减轻了老龄化对认知的影响

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01052-6

Guiming Zhu, Yanchao Wen, Rule Du, Kexin Cao, Rong Zhang, Xiangfeng Lu, Jie Liang, Qian Gao, Tong Wang

{"title":"Sustainable development reduces particulate matter emissions and mitigates aging’s cognitive impact","authors":"Guiming Zhu, Yanchao Wen, Rule Du, Kexin Cao, Rong Zhang, Xiangfeng Lu, Jie Liang, Qian Gao, Tong Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01052-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01052-6","url":null,"abstract":"China’s aging population and the rising public health burden from cognitive impairment are pressing concerns. Using mixed-effects models, we analyzed the association between particulate matter and its components with cognitive function using 20,115 observations from 123 Chinese cities and assessed economic costs under various socioeconomic scenarios. The single-pollutant model showed cognitive scores decrease with higher pollutant concentrations: PM1 (−0.53 points/0.1 µg/m3), PM2.5 (−0.30), PM10 (−0.14), organic matter (−1.44), ammonium (−1.55), sulfate (−1.70), and black carbon (−7.23). Nitrate showed no statistical association. In the multi-pollutant model, PM₁, PM₂.₅, organic matter, sulfate, and black carbon exhibited a statistically negative association with cognitive scores. Sustainable strategies reducing particulate matter levels could mitigate aging impacts and lower economic costs by $19.35 billion by 2050, offering significant health and financial benefits.<figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Different responses of extreme and mean precipitation to land use and land cover changes 极端降水和平均降水对土地利用和土地覆盖变化的不同响应

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01049-1

Meng Zhang, Yanhong Gao, Jun Ge

{"title":"Different responses of extreme and mean precipitation to land use and land cover changes","authors":"Meng Zhang, Yanhong Gao, Jun Ge","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01049-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01049-1","url":null,"abstract":"Land use and land cover changes (LULCCs) can influence precipitation via changes in surface energy, water flux, and large-scale atmospheric circulation, with great implications for the sustainable development of nature and society. However, the impacts and mechanisms of these contributors to extreme precipitation changes compared with mean changes still need to be investigated. Here, we used the moisture budget equation to decompose precipitation changes into three primary contributing factors (evapotranspiration, atmospheric mean circulation, and water vapor) based on CMIP6-LUMIP experiments. A global reduction in mean precipitation due to LULCCs can be attributed to relatively equal contributions of changes in evapotranspiration and atmospheric mean circulation over the historical (1995–2014) and future (2080–2099) periods. In contrast, during the top drying month, the precipitation reduction is approximately 2–3 times greater than the multi-year mean change. The dynamic contributor representing the mean circulation change surpasses evapotranspiration as the primary contributor driving the extreme precipitation decrease in the majority of the landscape. The socioeconomic impacts of LULCCs-induced extreme precipitation changes are greater than those of the mean state, especially in the future.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"481 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developing an ensemble machine learning framework for enhanced climate projections using CMIP6 data in the Middle East 开发一个集成机器学习框架，利用中东地区的CMIP6数据增强气候预测

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01033-9

Younes Khosravi, Taha B.M.J. Ouarda, Saeid Homayouni

{"title":"Developing an ensemble machine learning framework for enhanced climate projections using CMIP6 data in the Middle East","authors":"Younes Khosravi, Taha B.M.J. Ouarda, Saeid Homayouni","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01033-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01033-9","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change in the Middle East has intensified with rising temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme events. This study introduces the Stacking-EML framework, which merges five machine learning models three meta-learners to predict maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation using CMIP6 data under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5. The results indicate that Stacking-EML not only significantly improves prediction accuracy compared to individual models and traditional CMIP6 outputs but also enhances climate projections by integrating multiple ML models, offering more reliable, regionally refined forecasts. Findings show R² improvements to 0.99 for maximum temperature, 0.98 for minimum temperature, and 0.82 for precipitation. Under SSP5-8.5, summer temperatures in southern regions are expected to exceed 45 °C, exacerbating drought conditions due to reduced rainfall. Spatial analysis reveals that Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, and Iran face the greatest heat and drought impacts, while Turkey and northern Iran may experience increased precipitation and flood risks.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strong impact of the rare three-year La Niña event on Antarctic surface climate changes in 2021–2023 罕见的三年La Niña事件对2021-2023年南极地表气候变化的强烈影响

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01066-0

Shaoyin Wang, Jiping Liu, Wenju Cai, Dongxia Yang, Tobias Kerzenmacher, Suoyi Ding, Xiao Cheng

{"title":"Strong impact of the rare three-year La Niña event on Antarctic surface climate changes in 2021–2023","authors":"Shaoyin Wang, Jiping Liu, Wenju Cai, Dongxia Yang, Tobias Kerzenmacher, Suoyi Ding, Xiao Cheng","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01066-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01066-0","url":null,"abstract":"From 2021 to 2023, satellite records reveal that February Antarctic sea ice extent reached record lows in 2022 and 2023. Simultaneously, the Antarctic ice sheet experienced a transient mass gain and rebounded temporarily from a decadal decline since 2002. The reasons behind these dramatic changes are unknown. Here, we show that the triple-dip La Niña event during 2021–2023 (referred to as TD_LN2023) played a major role in these changes. Compared to a previous triple-dip La Niña event (1999–2001), the tropical-Antarctic teleconnections during TD_LN2023 were stronger. A more pronounced southward shift of the Ferrel Cell was identified as a key driver for the enhanced tropical-Antarctic teleconnections during TD_LN2023 against the background of intensified westerly winds and tropical expansion. The poleward increase, which facilitated poleward atmospheric heat and moisture transport, contributed to the sea ice extent decline and the ice sheet mass growth. Additionally, this southward shift strengthened the Rossby wave train, which, sustained by enhanced stratosphere-troposphere coupling, amplified the Pacific-South American pattern, and further promoted regional sea ice decline. Finally, this southward shift, associated with the southward shift of the westerly jet, enhanced Ekman suction, bringing subsurface warm water to the surface and contributing to pan-Antarctic low sea ice. The physical processes outlined in the case study are further validated through empirical orthogonal function and regression analysis. Under global warming, multi-year La Niña events are projected to occur more frequently. The evolving tropical-Antarctic teleconnections in the context warrant close attention.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0