{"title":"La Niña发病的多样性","authors":"Xiao Pan, Tim Li","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01141-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Three La Niña onset types were identified by the K-means cluster analysis of equatorial sea surface temperature anomaly evolutions during the past 111 years (1910–2020). The first type is characterized by a slow basin-wide transition from a neutral year to La Niña, driven by tropical North Atlantic (TNA) warming, which induced anomalous easterlies in the equatorial western Pacific through atmospheric Kelvin wave responses. The easterly anomalies initiate a cooling by triggering upwelling oceanic Kelvin waves, shoaling the thermocline, and strengthening the westward zonal currents. The second and third types are a transition from a central Pacific (CP) and a super eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño to La Niña. The former is attributed to the CP El <span>\\({\\rm{Ni}}\\tilde{{\\rm{n}}}{\\rm{o}}\\)</span> induced anomalous easterlies in EP that strengthened local surface latent heat flux and anomalous upwelling, whereas the latter is attributed to a substantially shoaling of ocean thermocline associated with the discharge of the preceding super El <span>\\({\\rm{Ni}}\\tilde{{\\rm{n}}}{\\rm{o}}\\)</span>. These characteristics differentiate diversified types of La Niña onset.</p>","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Diversity of La Niña onset\",\"authors\":\"Xiao Pan, Tim Li\",\"doi\":\"10.1038/s41612-025-01141-6\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Three La Niña onset types were identified by the K-means cluster analysis of equatorial sea surface temperature anomaly evolutions during the past 111 years (1910–2020). The first type is characterized by a slow basin-wide transition from a neutral year to La Niña, driven by tropical North Atlantic (TNA) warming, which induced anomalous easterlies in the equatorial western Pacific through atmospheric Kelvin wave responses. The easterly anomalies initiate a cooling by triggering upwelling oceanic Kelvin waves, shoaling the thermocline, and strengthening the westward zonal currents. The second and third types are a transition from a central Pacific (CP) and a super eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño to La Niña. The former is attributed to the CP El <span>\\\\({\\\\rm{Ni}}\\\\tilde{{\\\\rm{n}}}{\\\\rm{o}}\\\\)</span> induced anomalous easterlies in EP that strengthened local surface latent heat flux and anomalous upwelling, whereas the latter is attributed to a substantially shoaling of ocean thermocline associated with the discharge of the preceding super El <span>\\\\({\\\\rm{Ni}}\\\\tilde{{\\\\rm{n}}}{\\\\rm{o}}\\\\)</span>. These characteristics differentiate diversified types of La Niña onset.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19438,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science\",\"volume\":\"13 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":8.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-11\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01141-6\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01141-6","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
通过对近111 a(1910-2020)赤道海温异常演变的K-means聚类分析,确定了La Niña的3种发生类型。第一种类型的特征是由热带北大西洋(TNA)变暖驱动的从中性年到La Niña的整个盆地缓慢转变,热带北大西洋(TNA)变暖通过大气开尔文波响应引起赤道西太平洋的异常东风。东风异常通过触发上升流的海洋开尔文波,使温跃层变浅,并加强西向纬向流而开始降温。第二和第三种类型是从中太平洋(CP)和超东太平洋(EP) El Niño到La Niña的过渡。前者归因于CP El \({\rm{Ni}}\tilde{{\rm{n}}}{\rm{o}}\)引起的EP异常东风,该东风增强了局部地表潜热通量和异常上升流,而后者归因于与前一个超级El \({\rm{Ni}}\tilde{{\rm{n}}}{\rm{o}}\)的释放相关的海洋温跃层的大量浅化。这些特征区分了La Niña发病的不同类型。
Three La Niña onset types were identified by the K-means cluster analysis of equatorial sea surface temperature anomaly evolutions during the past 111 years (1910–2020). The first type is characterized by a slow basin-wide transition from a neutral year to La Niña, driven by tropical North Atlantic (TNA) warming, which induced anomalous easterlies in the equatorial western Pacific through atmospheric Kelvin wave responses. The easterly anomalies initiate a cooling by triggering upwelling oceanic Kelvin waves, shoaling the thermocline, and strengthening the westward zonal currents. The second and third types are a transition from a central Pacific (CP) and a super eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño to La Niña. The former is attributed to the CP El \({\rm{Ni}}\tilde{{\rm{n}}}{\rm{o}}\) induced anomalous easterlies in EP that strengthened local surface latent heat flux and anomalous upwelling, whereas the latter is attributed to a substantially shoaling of ocean thermocline associated with the discharge of the preceding super El \({\rm{Ni}}\tilde{{\rm{n}}}{\rm{o}}\). These characteristics differentiate diversified types of La Niña onset.
期刊介绍:
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science is an open-access journal encompassing the relevant physical, chemical, and biological aspects of atmospheric and climate science. The journal places particular emphasis on regional studies that unveil new insights into specific localities, including examinations of local atmospheric composition, such as aerosols.
The range of topics covered by the journal includes climate dynamics, climate variability, weather and climate prediction, climate change, ocean dynamics, weather extremes, air pollution, atmospheric chemistry (including aerosols), the hydrological cycle, and atmosphere–ocean and atmosphere–land interactions. The journal welcomes studies employing a diverse array of methods, including numerical and statistical modeling, the development and application of in situ observational techniques, remote sensing, and the development or evaluation of new reanalyses.