Obesity research & clinical practice最新文献

{"title":"Association between obesity and prevalence of significant regurgitant valvular heart disease over time: A cohort study","authors":"Damian Craiem ,&nbsp;Juan Moukarzel ,&nbsp;Mariano E. Casciaro ,&nbsp;Valentina Stipechi ,&nbsp;Eduardo Guevara","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The association between valvular heart disease and obesity is poorly documented. The present study evaluated the prevalence and worsening over time of valvular regurgitation by obesity category.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cohort study included 11385 patients who underwent two echocardiographic examinations at least 1 year apart. Mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation were graded at the first and last visits. Regurgitation worsening was defined as those going from non/trace to moderate/severe or from moderate to severe. Frequency and worsening of regurgitant valvular heart disease were evaluated across body mass index (BMI) categories and adjusted for age, sex, follow-up time, and significant regurgitation at first exam.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients aged 63 ± 15 years old at the last visit (43 % women, 29 % with obesity, median follow-up time of 3 years [interquartile range 2–6]). Valve regurgitation was more common in patients without obesity than in those with obesity across all age groups. The prevalence of mitral, tricuspid and aortic valve regurgitations at the last visit diminished for increased BMI categories: 24 %, 19 %, 16 % and 14 % for patients with normal weight, overweight, obesity and severe obesity, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). The regurgitation worsening observed in any valve followed a similar trend: 14 %, 11 %, 9 % and 8 %, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). These inverse associations with BMI remained significant after adjustments for cofactors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Obesity was associated with lower valvular regurgitation prevalence and worsening that persisted in the mitral and tricuspid valves after adjusting for confounders and excluding patients changing weight over time, suggesting the existence of an obesity paradox in valvular heart diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 130-137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of 3 G rice on plasma glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal hormones in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes: A non-randomized experimental study","authors":"Chartchai Chaichana ,&nbsp;Pornpoj Pramyothin ,&nbsp;Witcha Treesuwan ,&nbsp;Preechaya Jangtawee ,&nbsp;Ahthit Yindeengam ,&nbsp;Saroch Kaewmanee ,&nbsp;Apichart Vanavichit ,&nbsp;Rungroj Krittayaphong","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the effects of a novel grain variety 3 G rice compared to traditional white rice on postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and gastrointestinal hormones in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A non-randomized experimental study was conducted with 20 participants with obesity (without diabetes) and 20 patients with T2D. Each participant consumed meals containing 50 g of carbohydrates from either 3 G rice or white rice. Plasma glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal hormone levels were measured at baseline and intervals up to 120 min post-consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among participants with obesity, plasma glucose levels were significantly lower at 90 and 120 after 3 G compared to white rice (0.52 ± 0.04 vs. 2.58 ± 0.37 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.001 at 90 min and 0.06 ± 0.02 vs. 1.47 ± 0.26 mmol/L, p = 0.003 at 120 min). In contrast, plasma insulin levels were markedly higher following 3 G rice consumption at 90–120 min (p = 0.003). Gastrointestinal hormones were significantly elevated after 3 G rice intake compared to white rice, with GLP-1 levels showing sustained increases from 60 to 120 min (p = 0.019). In T2D patients, 3 G rice consumption led to a modest reduction in plasma glucose at 120 min (5.15 ± 0.49 mmol/L for white rice vs. 3.57 ± 0.35 mmol/L for 3 G rice, p = 0.0262) without significant effect on other parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>3 G rice significantly improved postprandial glycemic control and enhanced gastrointestinal hormone responses in individuals with obesity. These findings highlight the promise of 3 G rice as a dietary intervention for managing postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention to food in adolescents with obesity: No evidence for increased attentional engagement or reduced attentional disengagement","authors":"Nienke C. Jonker ,&nbsp;Thomas A. de Lang ,&nbsp;Caroline Braet ,&nbsp;Peter J. de Jong","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examined differences in attentional engagement and disengagement bias regarding visual food stimuli between adolescents with a healthy weight versus adolescents with obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Participants were adolescents aged 12– 23, with obesity (<em>n</em> = 51, adjusted BMI [(actual BMI/Percentile 50 of BMI for age and gender) × 100]) between 143 % and 313 %, and with a healthy weight (<em>n</em> = 51), adjusted BMI between 75 % and 129 %. Attentional bias (AB) was indexed by the Attentional Response to Distal vs. Proximal Emotional Information (ARDPEI) task.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Unexpectedly, results showed moderately strong evidence that individuals with obesity did not show more attentional engagement to food cues than individuals with a healthy weight, and moderately strong evidence that individuals with obesity did not show more difficulty in disengaging from food cues than individuals with a healthy weight.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings provide no evidence to support the view that in adolescents AB to food cues plays a role in obesity. One conclusion could be that AB to food cues does not play a role in obesity. Yet, future studies should examine whether this might be different for adults or when satiety is well-controlled.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 108-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Questioning the role of food addiction in pediatric obesity: Comment on An et al. (2025)","authors":"Jônatas de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study by An et al. (2025) [1] investigated the association between food addiction (FA), obesity, and emotional and behavioral problems in Korean children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. While FA was linked to higher BMI, lower self-esteem, and increased emotional difficulties, critical methodological limitations challenge the clinical relevance of these findings. Cross-sectional designs require careful control of confounding variables, yet essential factors such as genetic predispositions, socioeconomic status, food environment, and family dynamics were not fully addressed. Additionally, behavioral traits like food neophobia, shown by Dos Anjos et al. (2021) [9] to influence unhealthy eating patterns in children, and neurodevelopmental conditions, such as ADHD and autism spectrum disorder, frequently co-occur with disordered eating behaviors and may confound FA classifications. Recent data from Nyholmer et al. (2024) [15] further highlight the overlap between restrictive eating profiles and psychiatric comorbidities, underscoring the need for comprehensive assessment. The study's lack of dietary pattern analysis, particularly concerning ultra-processed food intake, and absence of age-stratified reliability in dietary reporting limit its interpretability. Future research should integrate neurodevelopmental and psychiatric evaluations to clarify whether FA reflects a distinct clinical entity or broader emotional and behavioral dysregulation within pediatric obesity. Without this, the application of FA as an isolated construct remains questionable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 181-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excessive dietary fat and fructose enhance hepatic lipogenesis and impair mitochondrial dynamics to cause MASLD in C57BL/6 mice","authors":"Flávia Maria Silva-Veiga ,&nbsp;Carolline Santos Miranda ,&nbsp;Daiana A. Santana-Oliveira ,&nbsp;Aline Fernandes-da-Silva ,&nbsp;Carlos A. Mandarim-de-Lacerda ,&nbsp;Vanessa Souza-Mello","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects around 1/3 of the worldwide population, with rising prevalence. Surplus fat and carbohydrate intake are crucial for MASLD onset. This study aimed to elucidate the interference of excess lipids and fructose (32 % as energy each), alone or in combination, on the hepatic energy metabolism of male mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty male C57BL/6 mice (3 months old) were randomly assigned to receive a control diet (C, 10 % of energy as soybean oil, n = 10), high-fat diet (HF, 32 % of energy as lard and 10 % as soybean oil, n = 10), high-fructose diet (HFRU, 32 % of energy as fructose, and 10 % as soybean oil, n = 10) or a diet rich in lipids and associated fructose (HF-HFRU, 32 % of energy as lard, 10 % as soybean oil, and 32 % of energy as fructose, n = 10) for 12 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The increased consumption of saturated fat or fructose, isolated or in association, caused oral glucose intolerance, increased hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol, and enhanced the expression of proteins related to hepatic inflammation, lipogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress, resulting in a marked increase in hepatic steatosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results showed that high consumption of diets rich in lipids and fructose contributed to the development of MASLD and revealed an intimate relationship between altered mitochondrial dynamics and ER stress. Understanding the molecular pathways that regulate the accumulation of hepatic lipids can lead to promising therapies for MASLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 138-145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide on abdominal visceral fat area in Japanese adults with overweight and obesity: A post hoc analysis of the STEP 6 trial","authors":"Takashi Kadowaki ,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Nishida ,&nbsp;Wataru Ogawa ,&nbsp;Maria Overvad ,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Tobe ,&nbsp;Toshimasa Yamauchi","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>A post hoc analysis of a subset of participants with visceral fat area (VFA) measurements in the STEP 6 trial was conducted to examine both the correlation between VFA and clinical parameters and the effect of semaglutide on VFA in key subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were Japanese adults aged ≥ 20 years with obesity disease, randomized to once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg, semaglutide 1.7 mg, or placebo, plus lifestyle recommendations, for 68 weeks. Correlation between baseline VFA (and change in VFA from baseline to week 68) and clinical parameters (body weight, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, hepatic parameters, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1]) was evaluated. Percentage change in VFA between semaglutide and placebo was compared across subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 180 participants (semaglutide 2.4 mg, n = 89; semaglutide 1.7 mg, n = 46; placebo, n = 45), mean VFA was 170.0 cm² across subgroups. A positive correlation (Pearson’s correlation coefficient [r] ≥0.3) was observed between baseline VFA and body weight (r = 0.415), BMI (r = 0.374), and both JASSO and WHO criterion waist circumference (r = 0.458 and r = 0.555). Correlation between changes in VFA and body weight, waist circumference, high-density and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, PAI-1, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transaminase were observed in ≥ 1 treatment arm. Semaglutide 2.4 mg and 1.7 mg reduced VFA compared with placebo in all subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>VFA partially correlated with clinical parameters in Japanese adults with obesity disease. Subcutaneous semaglutide was an efficacious treatment option for the reduction of VFA, regardless of clinical characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registry name</h3><div>CT.gov</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration identification number</h3><div>NCT03811574</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 146-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight gain following an employer-based randomized trial evaluating the treatment of obesity with and without anti-obesity medication","authors":"Noura Nachawi ,&nbsp;Marcio L. Griebeler ,&nbsp;Huijun Xiao ,&nbsp;James Bena ,&nbsp;Kevin M. Pantalone ,&nbsp;Bartolome Burguera","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) reported superior weight loss when anti-obesity medications (AOMs) were added to a 1-year employer-based weight management program (WMP+Rx) compared to WMP alone. Evidence regarding sustainability of weight loss, upon trial completion, is lacking. This report aims to evaluate weight loss sustainability upon completion of the RCT.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective, observational report, analyzed data from subjects post-completion of the previous RCT. The main outcome was the mean change in body weight from baseline (end visit of the previous RCT) to 24 months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 199 subjects included in the RCT, 185 subjects who had pre-trial (prior to the previous RCT) and baseline weight (end visit of the previous RCT) were included in this report. Both groups; [WMP+Rx; 97 subjects, (52.4 %)] and [WMP; 88 subjects (47.6 %)] demonstrated an increase in mean body weight during the observational follow-up period; 5.2 % (95 % CI: 3.4 %, 7 %) and 6.3 % (95 % CI: 4.5 %, 8.1 %) for the WMP+Rx and 1.3 % (95 % CI: −0.6 %, 3.1 %) and 2.1 % (95 % CI: 0.3 %, 4 %) for the WMP, at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Higher percentages of individuals who gained of &gt; 5 % of baseline weight was observed in the WMP+Rx vs WMP group; (47 %) vs (28 %) [odds ratio OR 3.16 (95 % CI: 1.19, 8.37), (P = 0.02)] and (51 %) vs (39 %) [OR 2.85 (95 %CI: 0.93,8.74), (P = 0.067)], at 12 and 24 months, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Weight loss achieved with WMP with or without AOMs was not maintained at 12 and 24 months. Chronic obesity management is needed for sustainable outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 171-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to the letter to editor entitled “Questioning the role of food addiction in pediatric obesity: Comment on An et al. (2025)”","authors":"Hye-Ji An","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 184-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of fish oil on epigenetic regulation in perirenal adipose tissue of obese mice","authors":"Victor Tadeu Gonçalves Plata ,&nbsp;Jussara de Jesus Simão ,&nbsp;Andressa França de Sousa Bispo ,&nbsp;Maria Isabel Alonso-Vale ,&nbsp;Lucia Armelin-Correa","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has been demonstrated that fish oil (FO), a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), offers partial protection to mice from the adverse effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) by altering the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism. Histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) modifiers, namely Ezh2, Kdm6a, Kdm6b, Crebbp and Ep300, are vital for the appropriate differentiation and metabolism of adipocytes, as they can either silence or activate transcription. The expansion of perirenal adipose tissue (AT) in obesity is associated with a number of complications, including hypertension and kidney disease. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of H3K27 modifiers and genes involved in adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism in perirenal AT of HFD-fed and FO-treated (5DHA:1EPA) mice using real-time PCR. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that a high-fat diet (HFD) increases the expression of Kdm6b (H3K27 demethylase) in perirenal AT, and that treatment with FO can completely reverse this effect. Conversely, the expression of the Acly gene, which encodes an enzyme that provides a substrate for histone acetylases, was found to be reduced in HFD-fed mice and this was not reversed by FO treatment. Additionally, transcription factor genes, such as Tbx1, exhibited diminished expression in perirenal AT of mice fed an HFD. These observations suggest that a HFD affects the expression of chromatin modifiers, transcription factors, and metabolic genes in perirenal AT, and that FO can reverse some of these effects, offering a promising avenue for the treatment of obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 122-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persian Gulf brown seaweed extracts showing anti-obesity potency on adipogenic differentiation in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and obese male rats","authors":"Vahideh Zarrin ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Taherizadeh ,&nbsp;Nader Tanideh ,&nbsp;Ebrahim Rahmani-Moghadam ,&nbsp;Tahereh Talaei-Khozani","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orcp.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of two Persian Gulf marine algae, <em>Padina pavonica</em> (<em>Pp</em>) and <em>Sargassum angustifolium</em> (<em>Sa</em>), on both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> models.</div><div>Hot water and Ethanolic extracts of <em><u>Pp</u></em> (HWE.Pp, EE.Pp) and <em>Sa</em> (HWE.Sa, EE.Sa) were added to human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) cultures treated with adipogenic medium. An <em>in vivo</em> study was done by feeding the extracts to the high-fat diet (HFD) male Wistar rats.</div><div>A decrease in adipocyte differentiation, and an increase in leptin production and energy loss as indicated by UCP1 and UCP3 upregulation and intracellular glucose content were detected. Weight loss, food intake reduction, downregulation of the PPARγ, and upregulation of UCP1, UCP3, FNDC5, and leptin were observed in the animals were fed with both algae compared to untreated obese and normal rats. Both extracts with superiority of <em>Sa</em> also normalized the level of blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), as well as inflammatory factors and liver enzymes. HW-<em>Sa</em> was the best extract to normalize all the criteria.</div><div><em>Sa</em> can be considered as a good remedy for losing weight by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, and inflammation, increasing energy loss, and decreasing food intake through leptin elevation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":"19 2","pages":"Pages 154-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}