{"title":"Expanding the reproductive spectrum of congenital leptin deficiency: Spontaneous pregnancies and long-term metreleptin therapy in two siblings with a candidate novel LEP variant.","authors":"Gökçen Güngör Semiz, Özgür Kırbıyık, Tevfik Demir","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2026.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Congenital leptin deficiency (CLD) is an ultra-rare monogenic obesity syndrome classically associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and delayed pubertal development. We report a previously unreported LEP variant in two sisters, expanding the recognized reproductive spectrum of CLD.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Two Turkish sisters presented with severe early-onset obesity, hyperphagia, and severely suppressed/undetectable serum leptin (<0.10 and 0.38 ng/mL). Genetic analysis identified a homozygous likely pathogenic nonsense variant in the LEP gene (c.33 G>A; p.Trp11Ter; NM_000230.3). Remarkably, both siblings achieved spontaneous pregnancies despite untreated CLD in early adulthood, though Case 1 exhibited delayed menarche (age 21), indicating underlying reproductive axis dysfunction. The index case (BMI 61.0 kg/m²) conceived three children (including twins), with her second pregnancy following a 36 kg weight loss induced by metreleptin. Her sister (BMI 41.4 kg/m²) had two spontaneous pregnancies prior to diagnosis. Under metreleptin therapy, both patients demonstrated substantial long-term metabolic improvement: the index case's weight decreased from 139 kg to 87 kg (BMI 61.0-38.2 kg/m²) over 3 years of follow-up, and her sister's weight decreased from 102 kg to 65 kg over 3.5 years of continuous treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The identified LEP variant expands the genotypic and reproductive spectrum of monogenic obesity. While spontaneous conception occurred in both siblings, variable penetrance or subclinical reproductive dysfunction remains evident. Early diagnosis and metreleptin therapy remain essential for long-term metabolic recovery, glycemic control, and overall quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne-Sophie R Stroes, Eva Muntjewerff, Laura Draijer, Malika Chegary, Felix Kreier, Erim van Os, Joery Goede, Venje Boonstra, Ilse Westerbeek, Saskia Bouma, D Meeike Kusters, Roosje Roelants, Ulrich Beuers, Adriaan G Holleboom, Marc A Benninga, Bart G P Koot
{"title":"Costs of two-step MASLD screening using ALT and elastography in children with overweight and obesity.","authors":"Anne-Sophie R Stroes, Eva Muntjewerff, Laura Draijer, Malika Chegary, Felix Kreier, Erim van Os, Joery Goede, Venje Boonstra, Ilse Westerbeek, Saskia Bouma, D Meeike Kusters, Roosje Roelants, Ulrich Beuers, Adriaan G Holleboom, Marc A Benninga, Bart G P Koot","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2026.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is prevalent among children with obesity. Although screening is widely performed in pediatric obesity-related comorbidity assessment, evidence on effectiveness and costs is lacking. This study quantifies costs of MASLD screening using ALT and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) in children with overweight and obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We prospectively analyzed costs of a two-step MASLD screening strategy in obesity clinics in the Amsterdam region. Children with overweight and obesity underwent ALT testing; those with elevated ALT were referred for further assessment according to MASLD guidelines. Healthcare and societal costs were calculated per child screened and per advanced MASLD case detected (VCTE ≥7.4 kPa). Scenario 1 included limited additional testing for other liver disorders and scenario 2 more elaborate testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a screened population of 2376 children, healthcare costs were €144 per child screened and €5608 per advanced MASLD case detected; healthcare and societal costs combined were €201 per child screened and €7822 per case detected. Scenario 2 increased healthcare costs by 15%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides novel cost data on pediatric MASLD screening, which may inform policy and implementation strategies for children with overweight and obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Payam Peymani, Laila Aboulatta, Mohd Wasif Khan, Roxana Dragan, Sherif Eltonsy
{"title":"Temporal trends in GLP-1 receptor agonist and SGLT2 inhibitor dispensing during pregnancy in Manitoba, Canada, 2015-2023.","authors":"Payam Peymani, Laila Aboulatta, Mohd Wasif Khan, Roxana Dragan, Sherif Eltonsy","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2026.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and SGLT2 inhibitors are widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic conditions. Using population-based Manitoba administrative health data, we retrospectively examined yearly dispensing trends across 171,103 pregnancies between January 2015 and March 2023. SGLT2 inhibitor dispensing rose from 1.05 per 1000 pregnancies in 2016 to 2.40 in 2022, while GLP-1 RA dispensing increased from 0.44 in 2021 to 3.72 in 2023, indicating a marked recent increase for GLP-1 RAs. Dispensing of either medication class was 3.37 per 1000 pregnancies in 2022. We found that although dispensing of these medications was low, it increased over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lannie O'Keefe, Anna C Simcocks, Kayte A Jenkin, Amirabbas Monazzami, Shavin Chandrasiri, Michael L Mathai, Deanne H Hryciw, Andrew J McAinch
{"title":"CNR2 inverse-agonist AM630 increases citrate synthase activity in the skeletal muscle of diet induced obese rats.","authors":"Lannie O'Keefe, Anna C Simcocks, Kayte A Jenkin, Amirabbas Monazzami, Shavin Chandrasiri, Michael L Mathai, Deanne H Hryciw, Andrew J McAinch","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2026.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Diet-induced obesity (DIO) results in alterations in skeletal muscle metabolism that affects oxidative capacity and adiponectin signaling. In obesity, agonism of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CNR2) has been shown to reduce body weight and increase energy expenditure but the effect on skeletal muscle metabolism is unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of a CNR2 inverse agonist, AM630 and a CNR2 agonist, AM1241, on skeletal muscle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 30) were fed a high fat diet (HFD) (21% fat) for 9 weeks, then received daily intraperitoneal injections with vehicle (n = 10), AM630 (0.3 mg/kg, n = 10) or AM1241 (3 mg/kg, n = 10) for another six weeks. Skeletal muscle, citrate synthase (CS) activity, mRNA and protein expression of markers of the fatty acid oxidative pathways with and without acute ex vivo adiponectin (0.1 mg/ml) treatment were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AM630 increased CS enzyme activity in the red gastrocnemius. In addition, in soleus AM630 increased the ratio of 4EBP1 phosphorylated to total protein, reduced AMPKα phosphorylated to total protein and reduced PDK4 mRNA. In soleus, AM1241 activated 4EBP1 and reduced PDK4 mRNA. While, in the EDL both AM630 and AM1241 reduced PGCl-α and AM1241 increased AdipoR1 mRNA. Interestingly, in the EDL, acute ex vivo adiponectin exposure reduced 4EBP1 phosphorylated to total protein in control animals, however increased PGCl-α in AM630 treated animals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Targeting CNR2 in obesity alters mitochondrial content in the skeletal muscle of rodents, yet the relationship appears to be complex and further exploration is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyo Ri Shin, Tae Yoon Kim, Kyongpil Min, Ui-Hyun Park, Sang Woo Oh, Jae Kyeom Kim
{"title":"Epigenetic determinants of GLP-1 responsiveness: Integrating dietary modulation beyond genetics.","authors":"Hyo Ri Shin, Tae Yoon Kim, Kyongpil Min, Ui-Hyun Park, Sang Woo Oh, Jae Kyeom Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2026.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have become major therapeutic agents for obesity and type 2 diabetes, yet clinical responses vary substantially among individuals. Although genetic variation contributes to this heterogeneity, it does not fully explain differences in glycemic control, body weight reduction, or broader metabolic outcomes. This narrative review discusses diet-driven epigenetic regulation as a potential framework linking modifiable nutritional exposures to GLP-1 physiology and variability in GLP-1R agonist responsiveness. Endogenous GLP-1 biology and the pharmacological targeting of incretin signaling are first summarized, followed by genetic determinants of GLP-1 responsiveness and their limitations. Major diet-sensitive regulatory mechanisms are then examined, including one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodeling, microbiome-derived metabolites, and RNA-mediated or epitranscriptomic regulation. These mechanisms may influence endogenous GLP-1 secretion and degradation, GLP-1R expression, β-cell functional capacity, and the broader metabolic or inflammatory context in which incretin signaling occurs. However, direct clinical evidence linking diet-induced epigenetic changes to GLP-1R agonist therapeutic response remains limited. Therefore, diet-epigenome interactions should be interpreted as plausible modifiers of GLP-1-related metabolic biology rather than established determinants of pharmacological efficacy. Future studies integrating dietary assessment, gut hormone profiling, microbiome analysis, epigenomic markers, and multidimensional therapeutic outcomes are needed to determine whether diet-sensitive molecular signatures can support precision nutrition strategies alongside GLP-1-based therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nrf2 in obesity: Mechanisms, models, and bioactive modulators","authors":"Irina N. Shalova, Alessandro Medoro, Sergio Davinelli, Nicole Bender, Luciano Saso","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and profound metabolic dysregulation, representing a major global health challenge. Among the key molecular players implicated in these processes is nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis and cytoprotective responses. In recent years, growing evidence has identified Nrf2 as a central node linking inflammation, oxidative stress, adipogenesis, and lipid metabolism in the development and progression of obesity. This review provides an integrated overview of current insights into the mechanistic roles of Nrf2 in these processes, incorporating findings from genetic and pharmacological models and discussing its dual, context-dependent effects on obesity-related pathways. Special emphasis is placed on highlighting both protective and adverse outcomes of Nrf2 modulation. Furthermore, the review presents a comprehensive summary of bioactive compounds, both synthetic and natural, that may activate Nrf2 and exert anti-obesity effects. Some of these compounds have undergone clinical trials and represent promising leads for the development of Nrf2-targeted interventions in obesity. However, current clinical evidence remains limited and is derived mainly from studies on metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease rather than obesity-focused trials. The review also identifies limitations and gaps that must be addressed before preclinical findings can be effectively translated into clinical applications. Collectively, the review underscores both the therapeutic potential and the complexity of Nrf2 signaling modulation in obesity, while emphasizing the need for further mechanistic and clinical studies to better define safe and effective Nrf2-targeted strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":"20 5","pages":"Pages 375-395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148284199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rasha I. Abd-Allah, Rehab G. Khalil, Hanaa I. Fahim, Eman S. Abdel-Reheim, Sanaa M. Abd El-Twab, Osama M. Ahmed
{"title":"Fish oil and evening primrose oil have ameliorative effects on obesity-associated complications in olanzapine-administered rats","authors":"Rasha I. Abd-Allah, Rehab G. Khalil, Hanaa I. Fahim, Eman S. Abdel-Reheim, Sanaa M. Abd El-Twab, Osama M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication utilized for the management of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Obesity is a negative consequence of olanzapine. Fish Oil (FO) and Evening Primrose Oil (EPO), are proposed to possess anti-obesity properties. The present study sought to examine the impacts of these oils on olanzapine-induced obesity and its associated abnormalities in female albino rats. The animals were categorized into four groups designated Normal, Oanzapine, Olanzapine + FO (200 mg/kg, oral) and Olanzapine + EPO (200 mg/kg, oral) groups. All animals, except the normal control group, were orally given olanzapine at a dosage of 4 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks and the treated groups started during the last 4 weeks. Body weight variations were observed on a weekly basis during the investigation. Upon the end of the trial, serum samples were obtained for detection of various biochemical and physiological parameters and pancreas and omental adipose tissues were dissected out for histological analysis. The data of the study indicated a substantial increase in serum concentrations of all mentioned biochemical parameters except serum levels insulin and C-peptide, which exhibited a significant decrease in olanzapine-induced obese rats in comparison with the normal control. After treatments on olanzapine-administered rats with these oils, body weight gains and adipose tissue absolute and relative weights were significantly improved. Serum fasting and postprandial glucose levels, insulin, lipid profile, and enzymes related to liver function were also significantly ameliorated. Thereby, these findings indicated the potential of FO and EPO to control obesity and reduce obesity-related olanzapine complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":"20 5","pages":"Pages 457-468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingzi Chen, Xiaosa Wen, Guanhao He, Dan Yu, Su Xu, Zengliang Ruan
{"title":"Urinary metabolomic profiling reveals distinct metabolic characteristics in children with overweight and obesity","authors":"Yingzi Chen, Xiaosa Wen, Guanhao He, Dan Yu, Su Xu, Zengliang Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Childhood obesity is a critical global public health problem. Untargeted metabolomics can identify metabolic alterations associated with childhood obesity, but pediatric evidence remains limited. This study characterized urinary metabolic profiles associated with overweight and obesity in children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 120 first-grade primary school children were selected. The population comprised 40 children with normal weight, 40 children with overweight, and 40 children with obesity, with equal sex distribution in each group. Urinary metabolic profiles were analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics, followed by multivariate analysis, differential feature analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, and ROC analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with children with normal weight, children with overweight showed 69 differential metabolic features (40 upregulated and 29 downregulated), whereas children with obesity showed 193 (161 upregulated and 32 downregulated). Three of 37 and 15 of 83 pathways, respectively, met the exploratory criteria of raw <em>P</em> < 0.05 and pathway impact > 0.01. After FDR correction, two and four pathways remained statistically significant, respectively. Phenylalanine metabolism (FDR=0.015 and 0.001, respectively) and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis (FDR=0.036 and 0.012, respectively) were significant in both comparisons with the normal-weight group. Thirteen metabolic features showed discriminatory potential between children with obesity and children with normal weight, with N-acetyl-<span>D</span>-glucosamine showing an AUC of 0.889 (95% CI: 0.821–0.958).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study characterized urinary metabolic alterations and enriched pathways associated with overweight and obesity in children compared with normal weight. Several candidate metabolic features showed exploratory discriminatory potential but require targeted confirmation and independent validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":"20 5","pages":"Pages 409-417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148983368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghada El-Kannishy, Shaheer Kamal, Amany Mousa, Omayma Saleh, Adel El Badrawy, Reham El farahaty, Tarek Shokeir
{"title":"Retraction notice to \"Endothelial function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Implications of body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance” [Obes Res Clin Pract 4(2010) e49-e56]","authors":"Ghada El-Kannishy, Shaheer Kamal, Amany Mousa, Omayma Saleh, Adel El Badrawy, Reham El farahaty, Tarek Shokeir","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":"20 5","pages":"Page 487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felix Yong Peng Why, Anna Undarwati, Pradipta Christy Pratiwi, Binta Muti’ya Rizki
{"title":"Unhealthy, but not healthy, positional nudge during Ramadan affects the caloric content of meal choice among Indonesians with high BMI","authors":"Felix Yong Peng Why, Anna Undarwati, Pradipta Christy Pratiwi, Binta Muti’ya Rizki","doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We tested for an asymmetric effect of food positional nudge biased towards the unhealthy for individuals with different BMI and fasted states. Data from 141 Indonesian participants were analysed. Participants completed the single-person Fake Food buffet twice, which offered healthy (e.g., roasted chicken) and unhealthy (e.g., fried chicken) options. Ramadan fasting was incorporated as a natural experimental condition by having participants complete the buffet during non-Ramadan and Ramadan periods. In addition, participants were randomly assigned to one of three positional nudge experimental conditions: control, healthy, and unhealthy. Control positional nudge had a balanced 2-to-2 healthy-unhealthy food placement in the buffet. In contrast, the healthy positional nudge had a starting 3-to-1 ratio, biased towards healthier food options, placed at the start of the buffet. The unhealthy positional nudge had a 3-to-1 starting ratio, biased towards more unhealthy options. The main results revealed an asymmetric effect that is biased towards an unhealthy positional nudge for fasted participants with high BMI. This bias was not reversed with a healthy positional nudge. The present findings raise questions about whether healthy positional nudges alone are sufficient in contexts involving high hunger and individuals with higher BMI, although further research with larger samples and more precise designs is needed before drawing policy conclusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19408,"journal":{"name":"Obesity research & clinical practice","volume":"20 5","pages":"Pages 451-456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148412430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}