Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119848
Long Zhang, Tianfeng Zhao
{"title":"Dynamic reconstruction and weld fatigue evaluation of top-tensioned riser based on strain monitoring","authors":"Long Zhang, Tianfeng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Top-tensioned riser (TTR) is essential for offshore oil and gas transportation, which is welded by several standard steel pipes. The intricacies of monitoring, and the particularity of welded joints, render the riser's girth welds present potential service hazards. Here, we propose a riser monitoring and fatigue evaluation method (RMFE), which uses the riser's reconstruction results with strains, to assess girth weld damage. By implementing the orthogonal strain sensors layout and applying a least-squares function, we not only achieve high-precision real-time riser shape reconstruction with high mean stress in global status, but also achieve the structural stress reconstruction of the girth weld at the element level. The research results show the riser's weld fatigue life by RMFE system, based on the “strain reconstruction”, aligns with the results from ABAQUS and FEM theory, with most errors within 3% and the maximum error not exceeding 16%. Furthermore, smaller mesh sizes in the RMFE system can reduce calculation errors but increase computation time. Importantly, the structural stress method, incorporated in the RMFE system, can thoroughly consider mean stress correction for weld fatigue, and eliminate subjective error in selecting the master S-N curve, which has been extended to three-dimensional space to better meet engineering needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 119848"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119825
Yu Dai, Zhuangzhi Li, Xin Huang, Yanyang Zhang
{"title":"Dynamic characteristics of wave entry for a deep-sea mining vehicle: Numerical and experimental studies","authors":"Yu Dai, Zhuangzhi Li, Xin Huang, Yanyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deep-sea mining vehicle (DSMV) experiences complex impacts upon the wave entry, which directly affects the safety and reliability of the whole deployment system. In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is proposed to investigate hydrodynamic properties and wave-entry effects of a DSMV with varying laying speeds. Firstly, a fifth-order Stokes surface gravity wave simulating Sea State 4 conditions is constructed based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method. Then, the overset mesh scheme is utilized to establish the multiple degree-of-freedom (DOF) model of DSMV which bears the traction loads of laying cable. Laboratory prototype tests are conducted, and the captured results of cavitation evolution and motion properties corroborate the present model. Numerical results indicate that the DSMV entering the wave danger point will experience hydrodynamic forces several to dozens of times greater, severely threatening structural safety. During the wave entry process, two phases of nonlinear deceleration occur, posing a risk to the umbilical cable. Surge and pitch motions caused by waves and structural asymmetry may lead to deployment position deviation. Based on the trends observed in the simulation data, guidance for deployment operations has been proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 119825"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119785
Guoji Xu , Shuangjin Leng , Shihao Xue , Yuanjie Jin , Jinsheng Wang , Kareem Ahsan
{"title":"Performance and mechanisms of a novel breakwater for protecting coastal box girder bridges from freak waves","authors":"Guoji Xu , Shuangjin Leng , Shihao Xue , Yuanjie Jin , Jinsheng Wang , Kareem Ahsan","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal bridges are vulnerable to extreme wave attacks, and the potential for damage from high-energy freak waves is increasing under climate changing scenarios. To mitigate the impact on these structures, a novel breakwater design is proposed, combining a floating structure anchored to a traditional submerged breakwater. Using a two-dimensional flume developed in OpenFOAM, simulations of freak waves and wave-structure interactions were conducted. The protective capabilities of the combined breakwater were assessed by analyzing the changes in force on the bridges, and the wave dissipation mechanisms were explored through wavelet transform results and flow field analysis. The study reveals that the combined breakwater effectively reduces wave loads compared to conventional submerged breakwaters, due to the conversion of high-frequency waves into low-frequency waves facilitated by the floating structure. This interaction, along with the submerged structure, enhances the overall stability and service life of the breakwater. The stability and load reduction performance are influenced by the initial draft and length-to-height ratio of the floating structure, with optimal performance achieved at specific configurations. The efficacy of the proposed breakwater is somewhat limited by long-period and highly nonlinear waves, while water depth has minimal impact. This combined breakwater design addresses the limitations of both submerged and floating breakwaters, offering valuable insights for the design of coastal bridge protection systems against freak waves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 119785"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119768
Jiuming Han , Yanjun Li , Xizeng Zhao , Tao Liu , Yanzhen Gu , Shuangyan He , Peiliang Li , Ruili Sun
{"title":"Numerical study of regular wave dynamics for optimizing coral reef restoration","authors":"Jiuming Han , Yanjun Li , Xizeng Zhao , Tao Liu , Yanzhen Gu , Shuangyan He , Peiliang Li , Ruili Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding wave dynamics is pivotal to the success of coral transplantation within reef restoration initiatives. Inappropriately transplant conditions can negatively impact coral growth, and may even lead to their demise. Given the inherently slow growth of corals, it is challenging to empirically or experimentally determine the optimal hydrological environment conditions involved in reef restoration. This study introduces a three-dimensional numerical wave flume to precisely simulate the complex interactions of artificial coral reefs with wave forces at various developmental stages. This study reveals that the efficacy of the wave-attenuating effect is heavily influenced by factors such as water depth and reef porosity. Shallow water depths notably enhance wave attenuation, stimulating coral growth by promoting dynamic water mixing. Coral reefs with porosity above 0.75 exhibit changes in transmission coefficient but have minor effects on coral-wave interactions. The optimal water depth for a successful transplant should range between 1.5 and 2.5 times the height of the reef platform. An optimal distribution of corals across the shelf, occupying 25–30% of the total volume, is crucial for effective transplantation. These findings contribute not only to the rejuvenation of coral reef ecosystems but also augment the protective attributes of corals in coastal regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 119768"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119842
Bing Wu , Xueqian Xu , Ângelo P. Teixeira , Xinping Yan , Jinhui Jiang
{"title":"An inland waterway traffic complexity evaluation method using radar sequential images","authors":"Bing Wu , Xueqian Xu , Ângelo P. Teixeira , Xinping Yan , Jinhui Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an inland waterway traffic complexity evaluation method using radar sequential images, which can be used to assist traffic situation awareness by maritime supervisors and reduce their workload. The proposed method consists of four steps: ship detection, ship tracking, ship interaction determination, and traffic complexity evaluation. First, target ships are detected through background subtraction to suppress the interference of radar noise in radar images. Second, the Kalman filter and Hungarian algorithms are introduced to match ship positions in two consecutive sampling intervals. Third, the interaction between ship pairs is determined by integrating the relative distance, encounter angle, and encounter trend. Fourth, ship pairs are marked when the interaction exceeds a set threshold, and a traffic graph is constructed to evaluate traffic complexity using the Edge Density and Strength indicators. The proposed method is tested on selected inland waters of the Yangtze River. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach can evaluate traffic complexity through radar sequential images in real-time. The proposed approach is interactive and interpretable for maritime supervisors, and it helps them to quickly focus on particular waterways with potential risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 119842"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119807
Qian Zhang , Guoqing Cao , Feng Yang , Xiaolei Zhu , Shaohua Li , Xiaofeng Lu , Daining Fang
{"title":"Deformation and failure analysis of laser-welded joints in bending I-core sandwich panels by finite element and digital image correlation","authors":"Qian Zhang , Guoqing Cao , Feng Yang , Xiaolei Zhu , Shaohua Li , Xiaofeng Lu , Daining Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The T-joint is a weak point in laser-welded metal sandwich panels (MSPs), exhibiting complex stress-strain responses and failure evolution during bending. This study employs a finite element analysis coupled with digital image correlation (FEA-DIC) to investigate the deformation mechanism of MSPs and the strain-failure evolution of T-joints under three-point bending. The results reveal that MSPs generally undergo a four-stage bending response: elastic, initial plastic, asymmetric deformation and failure. However, in short-span specimens, the reduction in load-bearing capacity is primarily caused by weld cracking, whereas in long-span specimens, plastic bending of the face plate precedes weld cracking. Short-span specimens exhibit maximum shear strain transfer between cores. In long-span specimens, the ratio of <em>γ</em><sub><em>xy</em></sub> to <em>ε</em><sub><em>yy</em></sub> within each joint increases with deflection. Both <em>ε</em><sub><em>yy</em></sub> and <em>γ</em><sub><em>xy</em></sub> are crucial to structural failure. The face-core interface opens on one side and compresses on the other, with the cracking mechanism shifting from tension-dominated to shear-dominated, as confirmed by fractography. The coupled FEA-DIC method provides an efficient approach to analyzing the strain evolution in sandwich structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 119807"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119845
Boxiao Zhang , Xiaoying Pang , Huilan Yao
{"title":"Study on energy harvesting performance of a tidal current turbine based on three pitching circular motion hydrofoils using numerical method","authors":"Boxiao Zhang , Xiaoying Pang , Huilan Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>If the pitching hydrofoil moves following a circular trajectory, the turbine can use multiple hydrofoils to capture energy from the current, which has the potential to improve efficiency. In this study, by solving Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation with Shear Stress Transport <em>k-ω</em> model, hydrodynamic performance of the new turbine with three hydrofoils was investigated. First, energy harvesting performance of the turbine with a wide range of motion parameters was studied. Then, based on the optimal operating condition, energy harvesting principle of the turbine was analyzed from the perspectives of vortex-body interactions, hydrodynamic forces and energy parameters. Finally, the fundamental reasons for the variation of efficiency with motion parameters were investigated. Results show that the maximum efficiency reaches about 50%, much higher than that of turbines of the same type with one hydrofoil and the vertical axis turbine. The turbine harvests energy mainly through the circular motion and the lift is the main driving force for the turbine to harvest energy. At the optimal motion parameters, the interactions between vortex and hydrofoil is favorable, which increases the positive work done by the lift and reduces the energy consumed by the horizontal force and pitch moment at specific moments, thereby improving the efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 119845"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119819
Xiang Cao , Lu Ren , Xuerao Wang , Changyin Sun
{"title":"Path Re-planning method of unmanned underwater vehicles based on dynamic bayesian threat assessment","authors":"Xiang Cao , Lu Ren , Xuerao Wang , Changyin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to numerous uncertainties in the environment, unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) sometimes deviate from their originally planned paths. To address this issue, a path replanning algorithm based on threat assessment using a dynamic Bayesian network is proposed. This ensures that UUV can adjust their paths to avoid danger when facing uncertain events. Initially, the UUV plans a path using the PSO-SMPC (Particle Swarm Optimization-Stochastic Model Predictive Control) algorithm, utilizing environmental data. Subsequently, a dynamic Bayesian network evaluates the likelihood of uncertain events occurring based on environmental and UUV state information. The algorithm then determines the level of threat posed by these events and decides whether to activate the PSO-SMPC algorithm for path replanning accordingly. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in enhancing UUV operational safety and improving mission completion rates across various uncertain event scenarios. Furthermore, compared to alternative methods such as simulated annealing and traditional genetic algorithms, the proposed algorithm exhibits superior path planning capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 119819"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119761
Xinglei Cheng , Jianyu Xing , Guosheng Wang , Dechun Lu , Xiuli Du
{"title":"Numerical investigation on rotation accumulation and natural frequency degradation for offshore wind turbine in clays","authors":"Xinglei Cheng , Jianyu Xing , Guosheng Wang , Dechun Lu , Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolonged lateral cyclic loading leads to soil stiffness degradation around offshore wind turbine (OWT) foundations, which reduces the system's natural frequency and increases the accumulation of foundation rotation angle. Proper evaluation of natural frequency and rotation angle is crucial for the design of OWT foundations. This study develops a two-stages numerical approach to calculate the fundamental frequency of OWT systems considering the foundation stiffness degradation by integrating a stiffness degradation model of soft clays with a simplified three-spring model. Subsequently, it investigates the evolution of accumulated rotation and natural frequency for three foundation types—monopile, monopod bucket, and hybrid monopile-bucket—throughout their service life. It is observed that the hybrid foundation shows the smallest rotation in the first cycle, attributable to its relatively high initial stiffness compared to the other two foundations with the same steel consumption. However, it also exhibits the highest rate of cumulative rotation growth. At the same load level, the monopod bucket foundation exhibits the largest cumulative rotation angle due to its lower bearing capacity, and the degradation of natural frequency is most pronounced for monopod bucket OWT. For all three foundation configurations, increasing either the pile diameter or the bucket diameter is the most effective approach to reduce the cumulative rotation angle and improve natural frequency degradation, while maintaining the same steel consumption. These findings should be considered in the design of OWT foundations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 119761"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119797
Chunyan Ji, Yuxuan Hao, Sheng Xu
{"title":"Experimental and numerical study on the hydrodynamic responses of a novel offshore floating photovoltaic system","authors":"Chunyan Ji, Yuxuan Hao, Sheng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decade, floating photovoltaics (FPVs) have experienced rapid growth. To effectively reduce costs and actively promote the engineering application of floating photovoltaic systems, an innovative FPV design characterized by low cost, high stability, and excellent seakeeping performance is proposed in this paper. A series of floating pontoons serve as buoyant elements within the system, offering the necessary buoyancy, and solar panels are installed on a support structure which is made up of a truss frame. A series of regular and irregular wave model tests were conducted at the wave basin of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology with model scale determined as 1:20 to assess hydrodynamic characteristics of the FPV. Twenty-One regular wave tests were conducted to establish the Response Amplitude Operator (RAO) of the FPV. Furthermore, irregular wave tests were performed to predict hydrodynamic performance of the FPV under more realistic scenarios. It was found that the FPV system encounters the highest level of danger during beam sea conditions, as compared to when it faces heading sea and quartering sea conditions. Additionally, a comparative numerical model which has been validated by experimental data was applied to study hydrodynamics of the FPV and mooring tensions under extreme sea conditions, thus providing design considerations and profound insights for the future development of this FPV system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 119797"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}