Ocean Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Development of an analytical model for nonlinear vertical load transfer in screw-groove piles considering cross-sectional characteristics","authors":"Huiling Zhao ,&nbsp;Yousheng Deng ,&nbsp;Long Li ,&nbsp;Tong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional pile foundations for offshore structures face challenges with bearing capacity and material efficiency in harsh marine environments. Screw-groove piles are an innovative prefabricated solution, offering enhanced load-bearing capacity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability owing to their unique screw-groove structure. Nevertheless, the complex interaction between the piles' screw-groove section and surrounding soil means that existing soil-pile interaction models cannot adequately capture their load-transfer mechanisms. This study develops a nonlinear axial load-transfer algorithm for screw-groove piles incorporating sectional characteristics. The cross-sectional area, perimeter, and moment of inertia of screw-groove piles were derived considering the groove parameters. By utilizing hyperbolic functions to simulate interactions at the pile shaft and tip, a shaft resistance calculation method that integrates the critical pitch based on Meyerhof's theory was formulated. Subsequently, a nonlinear piecewise displacement-compatibility iterative algorithm for the settlement prediction of screw-groove monopiles was developed. The analytical results agreed well with experimental data, and three-dimensional finite element analyses confirmed the accuracy of the model. This novel analytical framework that integrates both the cross-sectional properties and critical pitch effects provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the performance of screw-groove piles under axial loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122963"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory study on scour development around a monopile in layered soils","authors":"Manel Zefzouf ,&nbsp;Nadji Chioukh ,&nbsp;Mafalda Castro ,&nbsp;Filipe Miranda ,&nbsp;Rita Leal Sousa ,&nbsp;Elsa Carvalho ,&nbsp;Paulo Rosa-Santos ,&nbsp;Francisco Taveira-Pinto ,&nbsp;Tiago Fazeres-Ferradosa","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scour in layered soils remains an understudied topic. Existing predictive frameworks are based on limited experimental campaigns and often assume the characteristics of the lower layer, leading to over or underestimations. This study aims at addressing existing gaps through physical modelling of scour around a monopile under a steady current in clear-water. Layered, non-cohesive soils were tested, with variations in uniformity coefficient, and upper layer thickness. In double-layered soils, scour depth lies between that of the upper and lower sands in single layer configuration. For fine sand over coarse sand, a thin upper layer produced scour depths similar to that of a single layer of the coarser sand, while a thick upper layer limited scour to its own thickness. For coarse sand over fine sand, the uniformity coefficient of the upper layer is an important factor. In this case, scour depth is closer to that of the single layer coarse sand as the uniformity coefficient increases. Additionally, in general, the scour extent of the upper layer seems to be a good predictor of scour extent in double-layered soils. These findings may improve the design of scour protection measures, with particular implications to dynamic scour protections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122968"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A holistic hydrodynamic modeling approach for ship motion prediction and berthing strategy assessment","authors":"Chen Zeng ,&nbsp;Zhiheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongdong Wang ,&nbsp;Jiankun Lou","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autonomous berthing and unberthing of ships represent the final and critical stage of maritime navigation safety. While previous studies based on simplified models achieve acceptable control, they fall short in capturing precise close-range ship motions. This study develops a hydrodynamic ship motion model combining a three-dimensional Rankine panel method with a three-degree-of-freedom MMG framework. The model consists of two modules: seakeeping and maneuvering. The seakeeping module, simulating heave, pitch, and roll for Wigley III and KVLCC2 hulls, is validated against experimental data. The maneuvering module, covering surge, sway, and yaw, is verified through turning circle and zigzag tests, demonstrating accurate nonlinear behavior capture. After validation, both modules are integrated to simulate berthing motions using an adaptive PID controller. Three berthing strategies are compared based on accuracy, rudder usage, and trajectory tracking. Results show all methods achieve berthing success under different sea states, but differ in control smoothness, space requirements, and heading stability. This study provides a reference for enhancing the safety of autonomous ship berthing and unberthing operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122865"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral bearing characteristic of pile groups in coral sand under combined loading","authors":"Chunyan Wang ,&nbsp;Jianyu Liu ,&nbsp;Liang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Li ,&nbsp;Hua Liu ,&nbsp;Xuanming Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the influence of vertical load on the lateral pile-soil-pile interaction of pile groups in coral sand, a series of model tests on 2 × 2 pile groups were conducted in this study. The experimental program involved detailed measurements and analyses of load-displacement responses, bending moments, tilting angles of pile cap, lateral displacements, variations in horizontal earth pressure, and mobilized lateral soil resistance. Special emphasis was placed on the degradation of soil stiffness due to shadowing effects, edge effects, and vertical stress redistribution. Results demonstrate that vertical loads significantly enhanced the lateral bearing capacity and reduced the rotation angles of pile cap, improving the overall stability of the pile group. Vertical loading can improve the lateral response of pile groups, particularly benefiting the leading pile, which exhibited greater <em>p-y</em> responses and mobilized higher soil resistance in shallow layer. Additionally, derived <em>p-y</em> curves and <em>p</em>-multipliers confirmed increased soil resistance for the leading pile, with the <em>p</em>-multiplier exceeding 1 under higher vertical loads. These findings underscore the necessity of accounting for both vertical loading effects and the unique properties of coral sand in the design of offshore pile group foundations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122969"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic analysis of a concentric monopile-cage integrated structure for offshore wind-aquaculture applications","authors":"Cheng Peng ,&nbsp;Guangyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongrui Lv ,&nbsp;Jianfei Liu ,&nbsp;Qian Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating marine aquaculture with offshore wind energy presents a promising pathway towards a sustainable blue economy, but introduces complex hydrodynamic challenges. To address the lack of efficient predictive tools for such integrated systems, this paper develops a novel semi-analytical model based on the Matched Eigenfunction Expansion Method to investigate the hydrodynamics of a Concentric Monopile-Cage Integrated Structure (CMCIS). A systematic parametric study reveals critical physical phenomena with significant design implications. It is found that severe biofouling can transform the cage into the dominant source of load, causing the total horizontal force to exceed that on an isolated monopile. More critically, a severe design pitfall is identified: a wide annular gap can excite powerful fluid resonance under long-wave conditions, leading to a catastrophic load amplification that can be nearly six times the force on an isolated monopile and more than double the monopile’s own maximum force under any wave condition. Conversely, the analysis demonstrates that increasing the cage’s submergence depth is a highly effective strategy for mitigating these loads. The developed model and the physical insights gained provide crucial guidance for the safe and optimal design of these integrated systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122862"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cooperative control framework for path following of UAV-USV cooperative system in maritime scenarios","authors":"Zhiheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Shengze Liu ,&nbsp;Hongdong Wang ,&nbsp;Huafeng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cooperative control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Unmanned Surface Vehicles presents a promising strategy for maritime rescue operations. This study develops a dynamic modeling framework that captures the coupled kinematics and dynamics of UAV-USV systems in challenging marine environments. Leveraging the system’s differential flatness, a coordinated trajectory generation method is proposed to achieve synchronized motion planning of aerial and surface agents along complex search and rescue paths. For the UAV, a tracking controller is designed to follow the USV’s maneuvers in real time while compensating for environmental disturbances. For the USV, seakeeping responses—namely heave, roll, and pitch—are predicted for multiple wave directions, followed by maneuvering zigzag tests to validate model fidelity and control accuracy. Numerical predictions show strong agreement with experimental measurements and existing simulation results, confirming the model’s capability to accurately reproduce platform motions. Compared with conventional leader-follower and waypoint-following approaches, the proposed method delivers higher trajectory accuracy, faster convergence, and greater robustness to dynamic uncertainties. The results indicate that the framework provides a resilient and scalable solution for autonomous multi-agent maritime rescue missions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122796"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a robotic dolphin capable of underwater horizontal and surface vertical movement","authors":"Dan Xia ,&nbsp;Ming Lei ,&nbsp;Qingyuan Gai ,&nbsp;Zhixin Xu ,&nbsp;Tongfu Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the limitations of bionic underwater vehicles (BUVs) in terms of surface operation capabilities, this study developed a robotic dolphin capable of achieving multiple underwater and surface motion modes, inspired by the vertical surface behavior of biological dolphins. By establishing a physical model of the dolphin and a multi-body cooperative kinematic model involving the body, caudal fin, and pectoral fins, numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the hydrodynamic performance of the dolphin's underwater horizontal motion and surface vertical motion. Based on these findings, the robotic dolphin's body module, caudal fin module, pectoral fin module, center-of-mass adjustment module, and corresponding control system were designed. Experimental studies on underwater/surface multi-mode motion were conducted using the constructed prototype platform, with results compared to numerical simulations. The results show that the robotic dolphin can achieve an underwater horizontal propulsion speed of 0.796 m/s and a horizontal turning speed of 19.51°/s, as well as a surface vertical propulsion speed of 0.192 m/s and a vertical turning speed of 55.82°/s. During underwater horizontal motion, the caudal fin provides the primary thrust, while the pectoral fins enable highly maneuverable in-place turning; in surface vertical motion, the caudal fin stabilizes the standing posture while the pectoral fins generate thrust for propulsion and torque for in-place turning. The center-of-mass adjustment module facilitates the transitions between postures. This study significantly enhances the surface operational capabilities of traditional BUVs, laying a scientific foundation for developing novel underwater/surface dual-mode operational robots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122965"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The simulation of large-sized pathogen-laden respiratory droplet spread inside a passenger ferry","authors":"I. Ketut Aria Pria Utama ,&nbsp;Setyo Nugroho ,&nbsp;I. Ketut Suastika ,&nbsp;Rey Cheng Chin ,&nbsp;Bagus Nugroho","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations to analyse the flow movement of pathogen-laden particles/droplets with relatively large diameter range of <span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>150</mn></mrow></math></span> <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span>m inside an air-conditioned ferry cabin. Three major cases are investigated, the first cases is when one infected passenger sits on a passenger chair that is located close to the edge of the cabin in the centre row; the second case is when the infected passenger is standing in the middle of the cabin; and the third case is for a passenger who sits on the opposite edge of the cabin, and located at the front row. For each of these three positions, three air conditioner velocities were investigated. The results indicate that as the air conditioner velocities velocity increases, the spread of the particles is also getting wider and they are elevated further from the floor. The simulation results also indicate that passenger location is also an important aspect in influencing the spread of the particles, particularly for those who are directly blown by the air conditioner’s airflow. Our results also show the effectiveness of 1.5-meter (minimum 1-meter) social distancing rule by the WHO (World Health Organisation) for particles with diameter range of <span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>150</mn></mrow></math></span> <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span>m, however there are certain cases in which this separation distance may be insufficient. Such as in which the infected patient is directly blown by the air conditioner or when the particle diameters are smaller than 50 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span>m in which it could be suspended in the air longer. Finally, this report also discuss RANS validation technique with respect to experiment and the weakness of RANS in simulating the movement of particles inside a room. Hence the result of the simulation should be treated as an approximation only.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122724"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jet velocities in water replenishment holes: A large-scale experiment","authors":"Niels Gjøl Jacobsen ,&nbsp;Mazen Hoballah Jalloul ,&nbsp;Mario Welzel ,&nbsp;Alexander Schendel ,&nbsp;Stefan Carstensen","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large-scale experimental campaign in the GWK+ facility was performed for the description of the water replenishment processes in monopiles (internal water level response, jet velocities, and their nondimensional response amplitude operators, RAOs) for both regular and irregular sea states. The experimental scale was set to 1:15 with regular wave periods <span><math><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>[</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow></math></span> s and irregular peak wave periods of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo>∈</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>4.16</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>9.00</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> s. The relevant statistical measures for the RAOs were intestigated, and nondimensional prediction formulas were proposed for both regular and irregular waves. The experimental data was furthermore applied to validate a numerical model for prediction of the internal water level response and jet velocities. The numerical model was subsequently applied to predict the number of individual occurrences of jets as a function of the vertical elevation of the water replenishment hole, and the numerical approach was deemed applicable for design of offshore monopile foundations. Application to field-scale shows that extreme jet velocities in excess of 9-10 m/s must be expected under North Sea conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122867"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-frequency acoustic coherent reflection from sea ice ridges: effect of ice characteristics and geometry","authors":"Jungyong Park,&nbsp;Ho Seuk Bae,&nbsp;Su-Uk Son,&nbsp;Joung Soo Park","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental changes in the Arctic have increased the proportion of first-year ice while reducing multiyear ice, altering ice properties. These changes may affect the performance of underwater acoustic systems used for communication, navigation and ocean monitoring systems in Arctic sea. This study investigates the effects of sea ice age and ridge geometry on high-frequency coherent reflection loss. We model acoustic scattering from rough sea ice using the Helmholtz–Kirchhoff integral. The local reflection coefficient is derived from a water–ice–air layered model, and the ridge is assumed to be longitudinally-invariant to reduce computational cost. Results show that the under-ice geometry (keel) significantly influences shadow zone formation and reflection loss, while the upper-ice structure (sail) has a limited effect. The shear wave speed of ice is a key property that determines the grazing angle range for minimal reflection loss, which is critical for long-range propagation. First-year ice, due to its lower shear wave speed, is expected to produce greater reflection loss at low grazing angles than multiyear ice. Time-domain analysis reveals that the keel, ice properties, and thickness lead to multiple signal arrivals. These findings support acoustic propagation modeling and the operation of underwater acoustic systems in the Arctic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122802"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}