Ocean Engineering最新文献

Multi-period reference power dispatch in offshore wind farms considering fatigue damage values of main shafts: A greedy algorithm approach 考虑主轴疲劳损伤值的海上风电场多周期参考功率调度：一种贪婪算法

IF 5.5 2区工程技术

Ocean Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122869

Gongxing Wu, Fan Yang, Kai Li, Zijie Song

{"title":"Multi-period reference power dispatch in offshore wind farms considering fatigue damage values of main shafts: A greedy algorithm approach","authors":"Gongxing Wu, Fan Yang, Kai Li, Zijie Song","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As offshore wind turbines operate over time, they encounter cumulative fatigue damage, particularly in main shafts. This damage diminishes operational efficiency, reduces equipment lifespan, and adversely affects wind farm economic performance. To mitigate main shaft fatigue and satisfy grid power demands under variable wind conditions, this paper proposes a second-level scheduling-based reference power dispatch optimization framework with real-time fatigue awareness. First, a multiple regression model predicts main shaft torque; these predictions feed a real-time module integrating static and dynamic three-point rain-flow counting methods to assess fatigue damage. An optimization model is formulated and a greedy allocation algorithm designed to determine each turbine’s reference power dispatch scheme. Experimental results indicate the regression model achieves a 1.24 % average deviation between predicted and actual values, and cumulative static fatigue damage differs by 0.59 %. In a simulation of 100 turbines over 100 seconds, fatigue damage is reduced by 93.14 % compared to traditional average-dispatch methods, with an average computation time of 292.36 ms, demonstrating the framework’s feasibility and efficiency while satisfying real-time second-level scheduling requirements. This study provides new insights and practical solutions for effectively reducing fatigue damage in main shafts, lowering operation and maintenance costs and can extend to other components of wind turbine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122869"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glocal trajectory generation and tracking control for autonomous underwater vehicles with optimal coverage sensor networks 基于最优覆盖传感器网络的自主水下航行器全局轨迹生成与跟踪控制

IF 5.5 2区工程技术

Ocean Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122902

Duc Cuong Vu , Son Tran , Tung Lam Nguyen, Duc Chinh Hoang

{"title":"Glocal trajectory generation and tracking control for autonomous underwater vehicles with optimal coverage sensor networks","authors":"Duc Cuong Vu , Son Tran , Tung Lam Nguyen, Duc Chinh Hoang","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comprehensive framework for glocal trajectory generation with real-time tracking control for a group of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) equipped with distributed sensors. A two-stage approach is proposed to maximize the underwater area coverage of sensor systems while ensuring network connectivity between AUVs and free collision with terrains and floating obstacles. At the global level, a heuristic algorithm named Global Trajectory to Maximize Coverage (GT-MC) is introduced, which generate trajectory to optimize the final AUVs distribution. After that, the trajectory is further optimized to produce the final set of waypoints for the AUVs group. At the local level, a safety-critical trajectory generation method is developed by using a Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme for a virtual AUV system with Control Barrier Functions (CBF) as constraints for floating obstacle avoidance. Then, the generated trajectories are tracked by the actual AUVs using a base controller, in this case a classical Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) combined with a thruster force allocation optimizer. The complete framework is validated via simulation studies using an open-source advanced physics tool called MuJoCo. The suggested methodology can facilitate the autonomy, scalability, and safety of sensor-AUVs distribution missions, making it a promising tool for intelligent marine sensing and monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122902"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A 6-DOF submarine manoeuvrability prediction code - Part I: Development and validation 6自由度潜艇机动性预测代码。第1部分：开发和验证

IF 5.5 2区工程技术

Ocean Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122718

Lorenzo Berté , Diego Villa , Michele Viviani , Giorgio Mazzarello , Francesco Carmone , Benedetto Piaggio

{"title":"A 6-DOF submarine manoeuvrability prediction code - Part I: Development and validation","authors":"Lorenzo Berté , Diego Villa , Michele Viviani , Giorgio Mazzarello , Francesco Carmone , Benedetto Piaggio","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A software that accurately predicts submarine manoeuvring behaviour is essential for hull, sail and control surfaces design. In this context, the availability of a reliable 6-DOF parametric, modular, and robust model is highly advantageous at early design-stage. The here presented mathematical model is based on strip theory for calculating the linear forces on the bare hull, combined with non-linear cross-flow drag forces. The contribution of control surfaces and the sail are evaluated using a formulation derived from experiments and literature data, allowing to consider the specific geometry of the exposed surfaces and the hull sections on which they are mounted, thus including all mutual interaction effects between the various components, such as the body-wing and wing-body. In this first part of work a comparison between the results of the manoeuvring code and experimental data or other data available in literature is presented, demonstrating satisfactory reliability and robustness with a view to estimating stability and controllability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122718"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical study of cyclic response of suction bucket interfaces using a three-dimensional critical state model 基于三维临界状态模型的吸桶界面循环响应数值研究

IF 5.5 2区工程技术

Ocean Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122964

ChengXiang Song, XiaoWei Tang, Kaiwei Wang, Minghao Li

{"title":"Numerical study of cyclic response of suction bucket interfaces using a three-dimensional critical state model","authors":"ChengXiang Song, XiaoWei Tang, Kaiwei Wang, Minghao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although many numerical studies have examined the response of suction buckets under cyclic compressive loading, most have concentrated on the cyclic behavior of the seabed soil. In contrast, the cyclic behavior of the interface between the suction bucket and the seabed has often been overlooked. To fill this gap, this study conducts a numerical analysis of the dynamic response of suction buckets embedded in sand seabed under cyclic loading. A state-dependent two-surface plasticity model based on critical state theory was integrated into a finite element framework. To address the limitations of conventional thin-layer and zero-thickness elements, a geometry-independent thin-layer element is developed, which avoids explicit thickness modeling while capturing volumetric and cyclic interface behavior. The seabed was modeled using a cyclic elastoplastic soil model. The numerical approach was validated against laboratory element and model tests. The cyclic response of suction buckets under compressive loading was examined considering interface roughness and seabed relative density. Lid resistance was found to dominate the total resistance, with increased roughness reducing settlement, while loose seabeds led to much larger settlements than dense ones. The perfectly elastoplastic interface model underestimated settlement and weakened the influence of roughness on resistance evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122964"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nonlinear dynamics of pipes composed of Neo-Hookean hyperelastic material conveying fluid within a uniform external cross flow 由Neo-Hookean超弹性材料组成的管道在均匀外横流中输送流体的非线性动力学

IF 5.5 2区工程技术

Ocean Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.123032

Xixian Zhou, Yang Guo, Yinghui Li

{"title":"Nonlinear dynamics of pipes composed of Neo-Hookean hyperelastic material conveying fluid within a uniform external cross flow","authors":"Xixian Zhou, Yang Guo, Yinghui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.123032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.123032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study establishes the vibration equation for hyperelastic pipes conveying fluid, particularly focusing on scenarios where vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) occur, incorporating both von Kármán geometric nonlinearity and Neo-Hookean hyperelastic constitutive model. In modelling procedure, slender pipe is represented as Euler-Bernoulli beam with simply supported ends. To resolve the governing equations of hyperelastic pipes, Galerkin's method together with direct numerical integration are utilized. Appropriate Galerkin's truncation number is determined through calculations, which validates the correctness of the computational approach adopted in this paper. Furthermore, this study examines the impact of various nonlinear terms induced by geometric and material nonlinearities on VIVs responses of pipes. Variations in dynamic behaviors of hyperelastic pipes under various parameters, specifically differing hyperelastic parameters and internal fluid velocities are thoroughly analyzed. Results demonstrate that a rise in internal fluid velocity significantly enhances the nonlinear characteristics exhibited by the pipe and advances the jumping phenomena. Conversely, an increase in hyperelastic parameters delays the onset of jumping phenomena. Notably, a comparative analysis between Neo-Hookean hyperelastic model and linearelastic model on dynamic response is performed, revealing that hyperelastic pipes tend to slightly advance the occurrence of jumping phenomena.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 123032"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A self-adaptive dynamic-adjustment springback compensation algorithm for single-stamping forming of double-curved hull plates based on neural network 基于神经网络的双弯曲船体板单次冲压成形自适应动态调整回弹补偿算法

IF 5.5 2区工程技术

Ocean Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.123030

Fengyan Shi , Yong Hu , Chaoyan Huang , Yijie Cai

{"title":"A self-adaptive dynamic-adjustment springback compensation algorithm for single-stamping forming of double-curved hull plates based on neural network","authors":"Fengyan Shi , Yong Hu , Chaoyan Huang , Yijie Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.123030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.123030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Springback compensation of double-curved hull plates faces challenges of low accuracy and high difficulty, often requiring multiple stamping operations to approximate the target surface. This work proposes a new self-adaptive dynamic-adjustment springback compensation algorithm for double-curved hull plates. Unlike the traditional step-by-step approximation approach, this algorithm enables single-stamping compensation. Additionally, a springback ratio prediction method based on Bayesian optimization (BO) and Backpropagation (BP) neural network is proposed to enhance the performance of the compensation algorithm. The compensation algorithm dynamically adjusts the compensation surface according to the springback ratios predicted by the BP neural network, automatically calculates the error between the target surface and the surface after springback based on the compensation surface (compensated springback surface), and finally provides a compensation surface that meets the error requirements. The finite element (FE) simulation and experimental validation for the single-stamping forming of double-curved hull plates have been conducted. The results demonstrate that the springback ratio prediction method proposed exhibits relatively high accuracy, offering more reliable springback predictions for the compensation algorithm. When compared with an existing method, the new springback compensation algorithm demonstrates superior accuracy in single-stamping forming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 123030"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A multi-objective economic nonlinear model predictive controller for power and platform motion on floating offshore wind turbines 海上浮式风力发电机组动力与平台运动多目标经济非线性模型预测控制器

IF 5.5 2区工程技术

Ocean Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122888

L. Pustina , F. Biral , E. Bertolazzi , J. Serafini

{"title":"A multi-objective economic nonlinear model predictive controller for power and platform motion on floating offshore wind turbines","authors":"L. Pustina , F. Biral , E. Bertolazzi , J. Serafini","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An Economic Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller is developed to maximize power and reduce fore-aft motion of floating wind turbines compared to a standard power controller. A nonlinear reduced-order model of floating turbines is developed to predict platform motion, rotor thrust, aerodynamic power, and generator temperature. A grey-box approach and a black-box approach to platform modeling are validated and compared. The model is used for the synthesis of ENMPC that determines the optimal generator torque and pitch angle over a future time horizon. The objective of this optimization is a combination of aerodynamic power and fore-aft nacelle velocity under realistic constraints. The controller’s performance and robustness are assessed using a wide set of realistic wind and sea conditions. Significantly higher power production and lower fore-aft platform motion are achieved by adopting the multi-objective ENMPC. Finally, considering the difficulty in predicting the sea diffraction forces and the incoming wind, the performances are positively verified in the absence of that information. The main drawback of the multi-objective controller is the increase of fatigue loads when it is requested to minimize the platform fore-aft motion due to the use of thrust to control it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122888"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formation control and intention compensating of AUVs using multi-agent reinforcement learning and predict network 基于多智能体强化学习与预测网络的auv群体控制与意向补偿

IF 5.5 2区工程技术

Ocean Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122854

Mengqi Wang , Rongshun Juan , Zezhong Li , Zhongke Gao

{"title":"Formation control and intention compensating of AUVs using multi-agent reinforcement learning and predict network","authors":"Mengqi Wang , Rongshun Juan , Zezhong Li , Zhongke Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) have played an important role in numerous marine tasks, such as resource exploration, hydrological data acquisition, rescue operations, and military missions. In contrast to single AUV deployment, multi-AUV formations exhibit higher efficiency and improved task completion rates. Recently, multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has emerged as a promising technique for AUV formation control. Nevertheless, conventional MARL approaches often suffer from instability in formation shapes, especially when managing a large number of AUVs. Additionally, communication delay and information dropout can further compromise formation performance. In this paper, we propose a novel method called Policy Compensate Multi-agent Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (PC-MATD3), which integrates imitation learning (IL) with MARL to improve formation stability. The proposed framework is designed to alleviate adverse effects caused by communication interruptions or information delays. We define distance and angular errors as key performance metrics and evaluate our method through two distinct simulation scenarios. Experimental results show that, under ideal communication conditions, our approach substantially reduces formation errors and improves overall stability. Additionally, in scenarios involving communication dropouts, the proposed method effectively predicts the positions of neighboring AUVs, enabling the restoration of the desired formation geometry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122854"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmental contour correction using Bayesian inference for areas with limited metocean data 基于贝叶斯推理的海洋气象数据有限地区环境等高线校正

IF 5.5 2区工程技术

Ocean Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.123000

Kyungrok Kwon , Jinhyuk Lee , Yangrok Choi , Jong Gyun Paik , Youngjin Choi , Jung-Sik Kong

{"title":"Environmental contour correction using Bayesian inference for areas with limited metocean data","authors":"Kyungrok Kwon , Jinhyuk Lee , Yangrok Choi , Jong Gyun Paik , Youngjin Choi , Jung-Sik Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.123000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.123000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind speed–wave height contours are crucial for evaluating the extreme metocean conditions of offshore wind structures. To construct reliable contours, long-term buoy data are essential. However, in Korea, the limited observation period of simultaneous wind and wave data poses a challenge, resulting in low reliability in estimating extreme environmental loads. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a method for refining the distribution of metocean data using Bayesian inference. Our comparison of extreme metocean conditions based on different observation periods revealed significant variations in the estimated conditions over short observation periods. To address this issue, the wave buoy data distribution was defined as a prior distribution, and the wave height distribution for the target region was corrected using a Bayesian inference approach. In addition, the wind speed distribution was improved by considering the correlation between wind speed and wave height. Subsequently, extreme metocean conditions were evaluated using the environmental contour approach based on the IFORM method. The results confirmed that the distribution of metocean data was improved, allowing for the derivation of more reliable extreme environmental loads than with conventional environmental contours. Therefore, the methodology presented in this study can be applied for constructing reasonable and reliable environmental contours, even when observation periods are limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 123000"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reinforcement learning-based automated target motion analysis in underwater environments 基于强化学习的水下目标运动自动分析

IF 5.5 2区工程技术

Ocean Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122946

Seunghwan Jang , Junha Shin , Dasol Kim , Juhyun Lee , Hyunsuk Ko

{"title":"Reinforcement learning-based automated target motion analysis in underwater environments","authors":"Seunghwan Jang , Junha Shin , Dasol Kim , Juhyun Lee , Hyunsuk Ko","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an automated target motion analysis (TMA) framework that leverages deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to enhance the accuracy and reliability of target state estimation from SONAR-derived bearing-only measurements in underwater environments. Traditional TMA methods-such as the manual 10-point divider and batch estimation-rely heavily on operator expertise and are susceptible to inaccuracies due to environmental noise and human error. To address these limitations, we employ a Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)-based agent to automatically and robustly estimate the target speed. A customized TMA simulator was developed to generate diverse underwater scenarios, incorporating variations in target motion and noise levels to ensure the model’s generalization capability. The PPO agent learns to infer target speed directly from sequential bearing data, achieving a strong balance between exploration and exploitation. Experimental results demonstrate that the trained agent provides highly accurate and robust speed estimates, even under realistic noise conditions. This work contributes to the advancement of autonomous maritime surveillance and defense systems by significantly reducing human dependency and improving operational reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 122946"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0