Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122266
Qian Xu , Zekai Shu , Tianchen Du , Alfiya Irshadovna Aminova , Georgy Th. Guria , Qi Wang , Zehan Chen , Xiaobin Gu , Nevzat Akkurt , Hongyao Chen , Zhiwei Liu
{"title":"Analyses of the mechanical characteristics of long-distance crude oil pipeline support assembly on “L”-type pipeline","authors":"Qian Xu , Zekai Shu , Tianchen Du , Alfiya Irshadovna Aminova , Georgy Th. Guria , Qi Wang , Zehan Chen , Xiaobin Gu , Nevzat Akkurt , Hongyao Chen , Zhiwei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trenched crude oil pipelines rely on anchor blocks and pipe supports for stability, however mechanical interaction remains unclear, limiting design safety. This study employs fluid-solid-thermal coupling methods to establish a three-dimensional finite element calculation model of an “L”-type crude oil pipeline based on an equivalent model of the end-side displacement of the anchor block and pipe section. The mechanical response patterns of anchor blocks and pipe supports to the isolated action of “L\"-type pipes were investigated separately. After evaluating the optimal design position of pipe supports to balance internal forces within the pipe, we further investigated the synergistic optimisation mechanism of anchor blocks and pipe supports on the mechanical characteristics of the pipe. Results indicate that the anchor block provides limited protection to the structural safety of pipeline. Under 300 mm end-side displacement imposed by anchor block, the maximum deformation of elbow decreases by 2.31 mm. However, increasing the end-side displacement from 500 mm to 600 mm reduces the maximum deformation by only 0.05 %. A symmetrical distribution of pipe supports delivers the optimal solution, lowering the maximum stress of the pipeline to 78.049 MPa, the 25.55 % reduction. Additionally, the combined use of anchor blocks and pipe supports demonstrates a synergistic optimisation effect on pipeline safety, reducing elbow deformation by approximately 85.14 % (to 33.121 mm). These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimising the working conditions of pipeline support assemblies in long-distance crude oil pipeline networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 122266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental investigation on the breakout force rapid prediction of underwater vehicles considering bottom-sitting parameters","authors":"Li Guo , Wensong Zhu , Yuchao Yuan , Hao Qin , Wenyong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Submersibles are important equipment for marine scientific research and geological exploration. During the process of bottom-sitting, the base will interact with the seabed soil and sink into the seabed. The suction of the soil, namely the breakout force, will inhibit the lifting of submersible. If the lifting force is insufficient, it is difficult to recover the submersible, causing huge economic and personnel losses. This paper designs a model test device to simulate the submersible bottom-sitting and lifting process in the laboratory, including a lifting simulator, a seabed model and a landing gear model. Using force sensors and pore pressure sensors to quantitatively measure the breakout force and negative pore water pressure on the submersible, the components of the breakout force are analyzed and the lifting process of submersible is studied. The influence of parameters on breakout force such as sitting area, sitting weight, sitting time, lifting velocity, sidewall shape, and burial depth is studied, and the mechanism is analyzed. Based on the experimental results, a multi parameter coupling correction is performed on the existing empirical formulas for improving the accuracy of predicting breakout force. The prediction results of three empirical formulas for breakout force are compared, and the prediction errors are analyzed. The achievement can provide certain reference for engineering design of submersible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 122224"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122254
Jia Duan , Rongwu Xu , Lilin Cui , Bin Ji , Rui Wu , Heng Liu , Chang Chen
{"title":"Prediction method of propeller tip vortex cavitation inception based on bubble dynamics models and change-point detection","authors":"Jia Duan , Rongwu Xu , Lilin Cui , Bin Ji , Rui Wu , Heng Liu , Chang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the scale effect, tip vortex cavitation (TVC) is usually the first type of cavitation in real ship propellers. There is an urgent need in the engineering field for accurate prediction of the TVC inception. The traditional homogeneous flow cavitation model fails to accurately simulate the incipient cavitation flow because it ignores the nuclei evolution. To address this issue, a new method based on the Euler-Lagrange (E-L) frame bubble dynamics model was proposed to simulate propeller TVC inception. This method considers the compressibility of the liquid and the dynamic effects of nuclei motion, growth, and collapse, enabling precise simulation of the incipient cavitation field in propeller tip vortices. Furthermore, criteria for determining TVC inception were established by detecting the change point of the number of incipient cavitation bubbles. For a 7-blades high-skewed propeller, this method improved prediction accuracy by over 20 % compared to traditional methods. Finally, the dynamic evolution of microscopic nuclei motion, growth, and collapse clarified the cavitation inception mechanism. The influence of tip vortex flow on nuclei entrainment and capture under different advance coefficients was analyzed, providing guidance for accurate TVC inception prediction in engineering and ship critical speed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 122254"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122213
Qinlin Cai , Kaoshan Dai , Songye Zhu
{"title":"Wave energy converter-inspired ultra-low-frequency double-mass pendulum damper for vibration control of offshore wind turbines","authors":"Qinlin Cai , Kaoshan Dai , Songye Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The simple pendulum tuned mass damper (SPTMD) often requires impractically long pendulum lengths to achieve optimal vibration control of low-frequency structures, thus demanding significant installation space. Inspired by the emerging double-mass pendulum (DMP) oscillators in wave energy converters (WECs), this study, for the first time, explores the feasibility of using a DMP damper (DMPD) for low-frequency vibration control with enhanced spatial efficiency. The analytical optimal DMPD design parameters are derived. In addition to frequency tuning and damping ratios, the pendulum length ratio influences the control capacity. The DMPD control effectiveness is validated through a numerical case study of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) under wind-wave loads. In OWT applications, the DMPD realizes a control performance comparable to that of an SPTMD but offers higher spatial efficiency with 19 % (or higher) less installation space, thereby reinforcing its feasibility for installation within the OWT nacelle. Practical justifications for the use of the DMPD are also discussed. The trade-off between the control capacity and spatial efficiency of this device necessitates a careful design based on specific space constraints. Despite potential detuning issues, the original design of the DMP oscillator for WECs offers frequency and damping tunability. The results demonstrate the DMPD's promise as an alternative tuned-type vibration control device for low-frequency structures, particularly those with limited installation space (such as OWTs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 122213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Submarine landslide induced tsunami modeling using 3D slope stability analysis Method: The 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake and tsunami in Toyama Bay, Japan","authors":"Muhammad Daffa Al Farizi , Anawat Suppasri , Tsuyoshi Nagasawa , Yukio Mabuchi , Tatsunori Nogami , Hidetoshi Masuda , Daichi Sugo , Shuji Moriguchi , Yoshinori Shigihara , Fumihiko Imamura","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 7.5 M<sub>w</sub> earthquake and tsunami occurred along the coast of the Noto Peninsula in January 2024, with the tsunami expected to reach Toyama Bay 20 min after the earthquake. However, waveform data showed that waves arrived within 3 min, these unexpected waves suggest the involvement of a submarine landslide. This study aims to model the tsunami generated by submarine landslides, excluding any earthquake contribution. Hovland's three-dimensional slope stability analysis for cohesive-frictional soils was applied to estimate the landslide mass and location. The estimated landslides were then used as sources for tsunami generation in the TUNAMI-N2 two-layer model, which is based on the shallow water equations. The tsunami waveform was then validated against observed data from the wave and tide gauges. The model produced submarine landslides with estimated masses ranging from 0.015 to 1.28 km<sup>2</sup>. These results confirm the submarine landslides in this region and the simulated waveforms closely matched the observed data, confirming the arrival of tsunami within 3 min. Although this model could not fully reproduce all features of the observed waveform, the findings provide strong evidence that submarine landslides played a crucial role in the early tsunami arrival and highlight their importance of future tsunami hazard assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 122240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122197
Ana Carolina Azevedo Vasconcelos, Christof Van Zijl, Dingena Schott, Jovana Jovanova
{"title":"Design methodology of a meta-cushion for reducing underwater noise during offshore pile hammering","authors":"Ana Carolina Azevedo Vasconcelos, Christof Van Zijl, Dingena Schott, Jovana Jovanova","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growth of offshore wind farms is accelerating to meet the renewable energy target by 2030, driving the development of larger offshore wind turbines (OWTs) to boost energy capacity. To support these OWTs, large monopiles are being installed by using impact hammers, which in turn emit low-frequency underwater noise, posing challenges for traditional noise mitigation systems and increasing risks to marine life. To address this, a metamaterial-based cushion (meta-cushion) was proposed, embedding resonators to filter longitudinal waves associated with high underwater noise levels. While prior work has demonstrated the meta-cushion’s noise attenuation potential, design guidelines are required for adaptation to various monopile installations. This paper introduces, for the first time, a design methodology for the meta-cushion, which based on the input parameters of the monopile system, it details the procedure for selecting the resonant elements contributing to the attenuation performance and their spatial arrangement on the cushion for enhancing mechanical performance. Such performance indicators are evaluated via finite element simulations and experimental modal analyses. The methodology concludes with a nondimensional study of the spiral resonator, which showed the best attenuation response in experiments, exploring its behavior under varying material and geometric parameters. This methodology enables the development of meta-cushions adaptable to monopile installations under any environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 122197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122220
K. Vishwanath, S.S. Singh, K. Mondal
{"title":"Development of a simulated marine environment device for studying the simulated splash zone corrosion behavior of materials","authors":"K. Vishwanath, S.S. Singh, K. Mondal","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the design and validation of a laboratory-scale Simulated Marine Environment Device (SMED) capable of simulating multiple marine corrosion zones simultaneously on a single specimen. It can be used to simulate the waves inside the testing chamber and the waves amplitude can be varied. Simulated splash zone corrosion behavior as well as the combined effect of various corrosive zones, such as atmospheric zone, splash zone, tidal, and immersion zone around the water line were studied on a single mild steel sample. The control system of the instrument enables quick understanding of corrosion mechanism as a function of multiple environmental conditions, like complete immersion below the water line, atmospheric zone, splash and tidal zones. Splash and tidal zones experience alternate wetting and drying above and below the water line, respectively. At the end of exposure, corrosion severity of steel across different zones followed the decreasing order: splash zone > immersion zone > tidal zone > atmospheric zone. The corrosion patterns obtained from the simulated marine environment device for the various corrosive zones are affirmed with corrosion patterns of the real-time offshore structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 122220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122265
Zhida Chen , Tianhao Li , Linglong Li , Jincang Liao , Cong Ye , Defa Wu , Shuai Liu , Yinshui Liu , Yunxiang Ma , Lang Gu , Gang Sun
{"title":"Theoretical and experimental study on the performance of the hydraulic power unit employed on full ocean depth manned submersible","authors":"Zhida Chen , Tianhao Li , Linglong Li , Jincang Liao , Cong Ye , Defa Wu , Shuai Liu , Yinshui Liu , Yunxiang Ma , Lang Gu , Gang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing demand for deep-sea exploration and resource development, full ocean depth manned submersibles play a crucial role in these efforts. Within the submersibles, hydraulic power unit (HPU) experiences performance changes due to the high pressure in the deep-sea environments. This study systematically investigates the performance evolution of HPUs in such conditions, focusing on pressure-induced variations in hydraulic oil properties (viscosity, density, and bulk modulus) and their effects on the components. A theoretical model was developed using Amesim to simulate the dynamics of HPU, considering depth-dependent fluid characteristics. Experimental validation was conducted in a high-pressure chamber with an ambient pressure of 115 MPa under no-load and 19 MPa load conditions. It is found that, from the surface to full ocean depth, the power consumption of the HPU increased by 0.792 kW (under no-load conditions) and by 0.825 kW (under loaded conditions). This increase is attributable to the amplified viscous losses resulting from the increased viscosity. Conversely, the enhanced fluid damping effect under high pressure stabilizes the flow output. The theoretical model demonstrated good agreement with the experimental data, confirming its predictive capability for HPU behavior in deep-sea environments. These results provide critical insights into the design of deep-sea HPUs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 122265"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122198
Yaqiong Lv , Kangni Xiong , Jiding Yao , Shiqi Zhao , Yifan Li
{"title":"Virtual-physical collaborative intelligent fault diagnosis for marine rotating machinery under data scarcity towards digital twin","authors":"Yaqiong Lv , Kangni Xiong , Jiding Yao , Shiqi Zhao , Yifan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the domain of marine rotating machinery (MRM), the scarcity of high-quality fault data poses a critical barrier to the development of reliable and generalizable intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) systems. To address this challenge, virtual-physical data collaboration under the digital twin paradigm has emerged as a promising direction. This review examines 117 representative publications, offering a comprehensive analysis of virtual-physical IFD approaches for MRM under data-scarce conditions. The review identifies key failure modes in critical MRM components and introduces a virtual-physical collaborative IFD framework, integrating high-fidelity virtual data and limited physical measurements to construct robust diagnostic models. Three categories of virtual modeling techniques are analyzed, along with fidelity validation strategies for ensuring model reliability. It further compares three collaborative learning strategies: parameter sharing, domain adaptation, and adversarial transfer learning, assessed for diagnostic accuracy and data augmentation effectiveness. Comparative results reveal that parameter sharing fits aligned domains, domain adaptation improves generalization under imbalance, and adversarial learning supports diagnosis when fault data is entirely absent. This review concludes by outlining key challenges such as system-level virtual modeling and lightweight deployment, and recommending future directions to support scalable DT-driven IFD in maritime applications, offering critical insights for managerial decision-making on adopting these technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 122198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean EngineeringPub Date : 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122286
Le Wang , Xiaowei Liao , Xudong Qian
{"title":"Dynamic Bayesian Network-based online fatigue assessment for mooring lines of floating offshore wind turbines","authors":"Le Wang , Xiaowei Liao , Xudong Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel approach for the online fatigue assessment of mooring lines of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs) by integrating Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBN) and Particle Filters (PF). The proposed DBN-PF methodological framework aims to address the complexities of sequential data analysis inherent in monitoring fatigue accumulation under dynamic offshore conditions. Validated against experimental results derived from fatigue loading tests performed on mooring line materials, the DBN-PF framework demonstrates its applicability to both polyester ropes and mooring chains under constant and variable amplitude fatigue loading. This study applies this method to the online fatigue assessment of the mooring lines of the International Energy Agency 15 MW FOWT. This involves a comprehensive aero-hydro-elastic-servo dynamic analysis to simulate operational conditions and generate input data. The results indicate that the DBN-PF methodology provides a reliable diagnosis and prognosis of fatigue damage, with predictions showing good agreement with the conventional code-based method. The significant finding highlights that the DBN-PF framework demonstrated strong predictive performance for cumulative fatigue damage even when provided with limited data, underscoring its potential for efficient real-time fatigue monitoring and its contribution towards enhancing the reliability and maintenance strategies for FOWTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19403,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Engineering","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 122286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}